The structure and mechanisms of the formation of coastal terrigenous rocks in Permian epicontinental basins of northern Russia

Structure and mechanisms of the formation of coastal paragenetic associations are widespread in the Permian terrigenous sequences of northern Russia. They are examined using the Kungurian-Ufimian rocks of northeastern Pai-Khoi as an example. Analysis of bed successions in the 620-m-thick section interval made it possible to distinguish 37 cyclothems, each being the result of execution of one transgression-regression sedimentation cycle. Based on the results obtained, the structural-genetic characteristics of bed successions of two types are given. The first type is represented by the Liur-Yaga ideal cyclothem related to landscapes of open coasts, which exist in both transgression and regression phases of sedimentation. The second type is represented by the Tab-Yu ideal cyclothem related to the formation of lagoon-bar systems in the regression phase of the sedimentation cycle and their destruction during transgressions. In the Pechora and Taimyr basins, bed successions of the two types were revealed in similar (with respect to composition and structure) Permian formations of different ages. It is likely that the proposed models are universal enough to be applicable for studying the terrigenous epicontinental rocks of humid zones irrespective of their age.     

Genetic model of uranium mineralization in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina eastern Serbia

One deposit and four occurrences of uranium minerals in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina in eastern Serbia were ascertained using data from years of multidisciplinary geological research. The minerals are the fissure-filling type, and were assigned to the exogenic mineralization group, being mostly epigene in nature. Relevant geological information was used to derive a genetic model of uranium mineralization in the Permo-Triassic sedimentary rocks of the Stara Planina. The model explains the formation of Permo-Triassic rocks and three stages of the complex process of U mineralization. The genetic model treats: (1) the primary sources of the uranium; (2) the mobility of uranium; and (3) accessory metals from the parent rocks to their deposition in host rocks and the postmineral change in ore bodies. A geochemical barrier zone was identified in the sedimentary rocks that contained uranium mineral ore. This geochemical barrier area included crescent-shaped, flat-lens, or vein-like ore bodies. The U-containing mineral described is comparable with those from the relatively common fissure-filling uranium minerals found around the world.     

不整合面型铀矿床的水成成矿作用及其预测判据

通过分析不整合面型铀矿床形成时期的古地理特点,指出在近地表水动力系统的决定作用下铀矿床形成的可能性。由此总结了在筛选不整合面型铀矿床普查区域必须考虑的各种因素。     

竹山下铀矿床碱交代岩特征与铀成矿关系

围岩与热液所发生的的置换作用称为交代作用,顾名思义碱交代作用就是钾、钠碱金属性化学物质参与交代作用。碱金属(钾、钠)带进热液蚀变岩称为碱交代岩。所以碱交代作用主要是以热液作用为主体,对金属元素成矿物质的迁移和富集成矿起到了很重要的作用。诠释了热液作用是成矿物质富集的驱动力。碱交代岩是竹山下铀矿床主要的蚀变类型之一。通过对竹山下碱交代型铀矿床的钻孔20-1碱交代岩进行野外踏勘采集样品、室内岩相学分析和电子探针成分分析研究,确定了竹山下地区碱交代作用对铀矿床的实质为钾交代作用,碱交代作用使得富铀岩石中的惰性铀成为活性铀,从而被活化迁移,富集成矿。     

不整合面型铀矿床的多阶段形成过程——以俄罗斯卡尔库矿床为例

卡尔库矿床是俄罗斯重要的不整合面型铀矿床之一。以卡尔库矿床为例,总结了矿床坳陷基底特征,分析了沉积盖层中发生的成矿作用,阐述了不整合面型铀矿床成矿的多阶段性。     

鄂尔多斯盆地巴音青格力—苏台庙地区直罗组下段沉积特征及其与铀成矿的关系

正鄂尔多斯盆地是我国重要的多能源聚合盆地(涂光炽等,1994;Liu C Y et al., 2008),近年来地质工作者在鄂尔多斯盆地北东部直罗组砂体中发现了多个大型、超大型砂岩型铀矿床,前人对铀矿床的成矿机理、控矿要素以及成矿模式做了大量的研究,建立了多期叠合成矿模式。在所有的成矿要素中,沉积体系的研究具有重要的意义:一定规模的砂体不仅能为成矿物质的迁移提供运移通道,还     

Characteristics of uranium mineralization in sedimentary blanket and basement granites

On the basis of data from continuous seismo-acoustic profiling of the sector from Cape Gamova to Cape Olarovskogo, and also published data based on the dredging of the submarine canyons of this and a number of other regions, we conclude that the continental slope of the Sea of Japan in Primor'ye was formed on the Miocene-Pliocene boundary as a result of stepwise downwarpings of the consolidated basement, which consisted of Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks. This led to a flexure-like bending of the overlying Miocene marine sediments. On the inner side, the shelf is also limited by a system of faults, which became active at the beginning of the neotectonic stage. The cover of marine shelf deposits proper consists of Pliocene-Quaternary formations. —Author.     

3075地区变质岩的原岩形成环境及其与铀成矿的关系

本文用各种手段和方法恢复3075地区变质岩的原岩及其形成环境,研究了各类岩石中铀的丰度、配分状态及其在变质作用中的活动规律、成矿作用。提出:变质岩的原岩形成环境是影响铀在原岩中初始富集的重要因素;原岩中铀的配分状态影响铀在变质作用中的行为和迁移富集的程度。由此认为,变质作用、混合岩化作用是有利于铀活化、转移、富集成矿的外部条件,而变质岩的原岩形成环境及原岩中铀的配分形式是形成铀成矿物质基础的决定因素。     

Source rocks in sedimentary basins of continental margins in the early paleozoic

During the Paleozoic, epochs with the relatively cold climate alternated with epochs marked by significant warming. Moreover, cooling epochs were characterized by the substantial sea level fall, while warming was accompanied by its rapid rise. In many basins located at margins of Laurentia, Baltica, and the North China continental block, such an alternation is reflected in the structure of sedimentary sequences and the lateral/vertical distribution of reservoirs, confining beds, and source rocks. Despite the fact that sediments with high concentrations of sapropelic OM accumulated in different periods, their distribution areas on continents and their margins became highly reduced during cold epochs, when these sediments filled mostly rift troughs and foreland basins. After the colonization of land by higher plant communities in the Carboniferous and Permian sediments deposited during cold epochs, the humic material became an important constituent of OM in the source rock sequences.     

沉积盆地油气与砂岩型铀矿成矿关系研究

国内外许多砂岩型铀矿产于含油气盆地,油气参与砂岩型铀成矿作用越来越受到人们的重视;沉积盆地控制着油气田和砂岩型铀矿床的分布,多数盆地总体形成内部油气-边部铀矿、下部油气-上部铀矿的分布规律。文章认为油气藏与砂岩铀矿床相互联系的储集层系统及盆地有机/无机成因流体是两者同盆共存的物质基础,吸附作用和还原作用是油气参与砂岩型铀矿成矿的两种主要作用方式,重力流驱动的含铀流体与油气成藏过程中油气扩散形成的烃类流体相互混合是铀成矿作用的主要动力学机制,构造则是两种流体联系的纽带;油气与铀矿相互共生、相互作用,为"以铀找油"和"以油找铀"提供了基础。根据油气与铀的成因联系,结合石油勘探开发资料,提出利用油气田资料"二次开发"寻找砂岩型铀矿的思路和方法。利用油气田资料来寻找砂岩型铀矿,可节约大量勘探资金,提高油气田经济效益,经济价值高。     

Hydrocarbon source rocks in sedimentary basins of continental margins in the Middle-Late Paleozoic

The second half of the Paleozoic was marked by amalgamation of large continental blocks. The collision between the Laurentia and Baltica continents in the Devonian culminated in the formation of Laurussia. This event was followed by accretion of the Siberian and Kazakhstan continental blocks after the closure of the Uralian marine basin in the terminal Carboniferous-initial Permian. These processes were responsible for the formation of the Pangea supercontinent at the end of the Permian Period. They were accompanied by climate changes reflected in the alternation of warming and cooling epochs. One of these cooling epochs was terminated by large-scale glaciation of Gondwana at the end of the Carboniferous Period. Nevertheless, the most significant process, which drastically changed the existing paleogeographic situation, was colonization of continents by plants and animals, and, thus, accumulation of coaliferous formations in them. The lacustrine and sea basins also accumulated humic and mixed humic/sapropel organic matter (OM) in addition to pure sapropelic sediments.     

中国北方盆地中油气运移对砂岩型铀矿成矿作用讨论

以油气成藏动力系统和砂岩型铀矿成矿动力系统为单元,分析了砂岩型铀矿床与油气藏同盆共存的沉积体系、矿床(藏)聚集带之间的联系。认为油气多次运移促使砂岩型铀矿成矿是一种普遍的地质作用,油气运移成藏过程对砂岩型铀矿成矿作用表现为油气初次运移使铀矿化预富集、油气二次运移使间氧化带型铀矿化作用中止与矿体封存、油气藏微渗漏使红色砂层中铀富集成矿等。笔者依据油气对砂岩型铀矿还原作用的结果初步建立了吐哈式、东胜式、钱家店式3种油气藏与砂岩型铀矿共存的基本模式,丰富了砂岩铀矿找矿理论,为多能源矿产综合开发利用提供参考。     

沉积盆地形成的地球动力学机制及其分类

沉积盆地的形成主要与地球内部的热和物质的对流密切相关,它是沉积盆地形成和演化的原始动力。软流圈上涌高度,莫霍面或地幔羽的位置是地幔对流的具体的表现.根据地球内部流变学界限,岩石圈的性质和厚度,板内应力和沉积负荷可以将原始盆地划分为克拉通盆地。拉张盆地,挤压盆地和走滑盆地。     

Late Ordovician evolution of the intracratonic basins in north-west Gondwana

The Palaeozoic intracratonic basins in northwest Gondwana, i.e. the Amazonas, Parnaiba and Acera basins, probably opened during late Caradoc and Ashgill times. The fluviatile sedimentation later changed to littoral at the basinal margins. A transgression from the north-west region of Gondwana slowly overlapped the margins of the intracratonic basins. The transgression reached its maximum in the Rawtheyan (late Ashgill), as evidenced by fossiliferous shallow marine sediments in the Amazonas Basin. The Hirnantian glaciation in north Gondwana lowered the sea level, and in the Amazonas Basin a littoral sedimentation followed on shallow marine strata. From the opening of the basins onwards, a shallow sea probably existed close to the epicontinental basins in north-west Gondwana. The basins were connected via a narrow passage between the Guayana and Ivorian cratons.     

Geochemistry of sedimentary rocks and its relation to crustal evolution and mineralization in Southwest Yangtze Massif, China

Through a systematic study on trace elements and REE geochemistry of mudstone deposited in the basin and lower slope environments during Upper Proterozoic to Triassic in the Southwest Yangtze Mssif,three geochemical abnormal horizons of which the geochemical characteristics are quite different from those of other horizons have been established for the first time.They are the Lower Cambrian,the Upper Devonian and the Upper Permian,As compared with the crustal evolution in this area.these three geochemical abnormal horizons are corresponding to the pulling-apart periods of geotectonic cycles.which illustrates that uncommon depositional sources puring into the basin from the earth‘s interior may be one of the most important causes to originate the geochemical anomalies in these lhrizons.Thus it can be realized that the geochemistry of post-Archean sedimentary rocks has a great deal to do with the crustal evolution and it can be used as a tracer to analyze the crustal evolution.The elements in this area are mainly concentrated in these geochemical abnormal horizons,and the degree of enrichment and deficiency of trace elements in other horizons is very limited.A series of research on mineralization indicates that the main strata-bound ore deposits discovered in the Southwest Yangtze Massif occur in the Cambrian,Devonian and Permian-Trassic strata.The results of isotope tracer resarch have also proved that most of the metallogenic elements in these ore deposits came from the host strata.which illustrates that the geochemical abnormal horizons may have made great contributions to these ore-forming processes.Thus it can be concluded that it is only the particular horizons corresponding to the particular periode of earth‘s evolution that can they be the significant source beds because only in these uncommon horizons there can be highly enriched metallogeinc elements.which may be one of the most important reasons for explaining the time-bound nature of mineralization.     

宁芜和庐枞盆地含矿岩体地球化学特征对比

宁芜和庐枞盆地是长江中下游地区重要的铁矿产区,两盆地内含矿岩体的岩石学和地球化学特征既具有一定的相似性又表现出一定的差异性.文章对两个盆地内主要含矿岩体的岩相学、主量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、Sr-Nd同位素和锆石Hf同位素等进行对比研究,以期进一步探讨两盆地中成矿岩体的差异.镜下观察结果显示宁芜和庐枞盆地主要含矿岩体具有相同的矿物组合,主量元素特征表明这些岩体具有中硅、富钾和高镁的特点,均为中-基性火成岩.与宁芜盆地含矿岩体相比,庐枞盆地含矿岩体的∑REE、∑LREE和∑HREE含量均较高,明显富集Th、U等大离子亲石元素,具有明显的Eu负异常,说明庐枞盆地含矿岩体的地壳物质较多.两个盆地含矿岩体的Sr-Nd同位素组成指示岩体均来源于富集地幔,庐枞盆地含矿岩体较低的锆石Hf同位素组成说明在岩浆侵入和演化过程中可能有更多的地壳物质加入,导致岩浆的粘稠度降低,更有利于庐枞盆地铁矿的形成.     

下庄铀矿田构造特征及与热液铀矿化的关系

下庄热液铀矿田位于贵东印支-燕山复式花岗岩体的东部,主要有北西西、北北东和北东-北东东向3组断裂。在前人工作的基础上,论文着重对断裂构造进行了野外考察和显微构造分析,初步查明了不同方向断裂自印支期以来的活动历史、性质以及所反映的区域应力场。运用花岗岩的原地重熔原理,提出了下庄铀矿田构造控矿规律。北西西向断裂由晚侏罗世剪切发展成早白垩世追踪张性活动,主要控制辉绿岩浆侵入,晚白垩世时转化为压性,形成北西西向挤压破碎带。北北东向断裂由晚侏罗世剪切发展成早白垩世张剪性活动,控制了粗、细晶石英脉及多种蚀变分布,早白垩世晚期发生了韧性剪切变形,晚白垩世时部分北北东向断裂控制了辉绿岩浆侵入。北东-北东东向构造侏罗纪主要发生褶皱、逆冲,早白垩世主要为左旋压剪活动,晚白垩世转化为拉张,控制了晚白垩世红盆发育。早、晚白垩世之交,主压应力方向由北西 南东转化为北东 南西。贵东岩体经印支、燕山早、中期的多次重熔,为铀的活化迁移及富集成矿准备了良好的前提条件。早、晚白垩世两次铀矿化,与花岗岩层的两次重熔相关。重熔界面上升时,花岗岩层熔化,断裂切割深度小,构成了岩浆热液的通道;重熔界面下降时,花岗岩层固结,断裂深切至重熔层下方,成为基性岩浆上侵的通道。北西西向断裂拉张强度大,是基性岩浆的主要通道,北东-北东东向断裂规模较小,构成容矿构造,而北北东向断裂规模较大,在早、晚白垩世主要作张剪性活动,构成含矿热液主要运移通道,是下庄矿田重要的导矿构造。沿北北东向断裂向上运移的含矿热液遇到北西西向基性岩脉时,铀被还原而富集,含矿热液进入北东-北东东向断裂时,铀被“拥堵”而滞留,两者均是成矿的有利部位。层状花岗岩+“成矿壳层”+断裂构造,是下庄铀矿田下一步“攻深找盲”的思路。     

绘制陆源碎屑岩岩性框架的曲边函数的生成

目前,绘图软件所绘制的岩性剖面图中,将所有岩性框架均用矩形来表示。对于陆源碎屑岩来说,这样既不能表示出其粒度变化情况,又不能反映出它形成时的沉积动力学特征。为了弥补绘图软件的这些不足,提出用曲边矩形代替矩形来绘制陆源碎屑岩岩性框架,并以表示正粒序陆源碎屑岩岩性框架的曲边矩形为例,详细推导了其曲边的函数表达式,为绘图软件的二次开发提供了陆源碎屑岩岩性框架绘制的一种数学模型。     

盆地砂岩型铀矿区域评价中的水文地质分析

盆地砂岩型铀矿区域评价的主要目的是初步划分环境带和圈定成矿有利地段，为下步较详细工作提供依据。其中水地质工作着重从以下几个方面来进行：水地质单元划分；承压含水系统和目的层的确定；水动力条件分析；水地球化学环境分析；占水地质分析；氧化还原带和成矿有利地段的圈定。     

Mobile Pb-isotopes in Proterozoic sedimentary basins as guides for exploration of uranium deposits

Lead isotope ratios and associated trace element concentrations (U, Th and Pb) extracted by partial-leaching with 2% nitric acid from Proterozoic sandstones and basement rocks reveal much about the fluid evolution of sedimentary basins hosting unconformity-type uranium deposits. In addition, these techniques have great potential as a guide for exploration of uranium and other types of deposits in basins of any age. Isotope ratios of Pb in Proterozoic sandstones from basins known to contain high-grade uranium deposits are radiogenic at key geological localities and settings distal to known mineralization and particularly in altered zones proximal to mineralization. Sandstones completely cemented by quartz overgrowths typically have non-radiogenic Pb isotope ratios, indicating early closure of porosity and isolation of these rocks from later fluid events. Alternatively, the unconformity served as both a source of uranium and radiogenic Pb as well as an avenue for late-stage (<250–900 Ma) fluid flow. The mafic volcanic units, which are relatively reducing lithologies and therefore have removed uranium from basinal brines, have uranium-supported radiogenic Pb isotope ratios. Comparison of ²³⁸U/²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb ratios is useful in determining the timing and nature of U and Pb migration before, during and after mineralization in these basins. This comparison can be used to delineate the presence of radiogenic Pb isotope ratios that are not internally supported by uranium and thorium in rocks, eventually providing the explorationist with geochemical vectors that point toward sites of high potential for economic uranium mineralization.