不同配比水泥黄土强度的试验研究

以临夏地区黄土为研究对象,通过对水泥黄土无侧限抗压强度和抗剪强度的试验研究,分析了水泥掺量和养护龄期对水泥黄土无侧限抗压强度及抗剪强度的影响。实验结果表明:水泥黄土的强度随水泥掺入量的增加而增大;随养护龄期的增加而增大;黄土抗剪强度随水泥掺量的增加而增大。     

木钙对兰州黄土水理性质的影响

为揭示木钙对兰州黄土水理性质的影响,基于不同的木钙掺量和养护龄期,通过水滴入渗试验、渗透试验和崩解试验分析木钙土斥水性、渗透性和水稳性,并利用X射线衍射试验、扫描电镜试验探讨木钙土的改良机理。研究结果表明:木钙的掺入可以提升黄土的斥水性、水稳性,低掺量木钙土提升幅度有限,高掺量木钙土整体表现良好,而减弱渗透性的作用有限;木钙土的水理性质发挥具有龄期效应;28 d养护龄期下,木钙土的水理性质参数随木钙掺量的变化存在广义上的峰值,但峰值与木钙掺量的关系存在一定差异;木钙土的水理性质同力学性质保持了一定的正向关联性。木钙土并未产生新的矿物成分,但土颗粒双电层厚度变薄,而且胶结生成物包裹联结颗粒、填充孔隙,从而改善木钙土的水理性质。     

泡沫塑料颗粒种类对轻质混合土力学特性的影响

轻质混合土是一种新型的轻质土工材料,具有轻质、环保、高强等特点。本文对添加不同种类泡沫塑料颗粒的轻质混合土试样进行了无侧限抗压强度试验、等向压缩试验及三轴剪切试验。试验结果表明:泡沫塑料颗粒种类对轻质混合试样的力学特性有较大的影响。     

橡胶颗粒掺量对橡胶黏土剪切特性的影响

废旧轮胎制成的橡胶颗粒与黏土混合形成的混合土能利用于路基、填土等工程领域，能够改善黏土的力学性能。通过气动直剪仪对不同橡胶掺量（0、5%、10%和20%）下混合土的剪切特性进行一系列的研究，同时考虑不同剪切速率（0.5、1.0、2.0 mm/min）和竖向应力（30、60、90 kPa）的影响，探讨混合土的强度变化规律。试验结果表明：混合土的抗剪强度随着橡胶掺量的增加先增大后减少，在橡胶掺量为5%时取最大值；混合土的抗剪强度随着剪切速率的增大而减小，剪切速率对混合土抗剪强度的影响随着竖向应力的增加而减小；在竖向应力为30 kPa作用下，混合土呈先剪缩后剪胀的特性，其余条件下混合土均呈剪缩特性；加入橡胶颗粒会降低混合土的黏聚力，橡胶掺量越大，黏聚力下降越大，黏土中掺入橡胶颗粒会增加混合土的界面摩擦角，5%掺量下提高最明显。     

膨胀土地区机场跑道的地基处理研究

为解决在膨胀土山区修建机场时跑道地基处理的问题,以安康地区膨胀土为研究对象,在对现行石灰改良膨胀土施工控制参数常用方法分析的基础上,进行膨胀土及石灰改良膨胀土的膨胀性能和强度的相关试验。研究结果表明:随着石灰掺量的增加,最优含水率增大,最大干密度减小,胀缩潜势呈降低趋势,石灰掺量与最大干密度呈非线性关系,在石灰掺量达到9%时有荷膨胀率变化的规律性很强;相同石灰掺量改良土的CBR与击实功、含水量等因素有关,并不随着压实系数增加而增大。掺加石灰的比例对石灰改良膨胀土的强度增长影响较大,石灰掺量9%时的CBR值明显大于其他掺量;相同压实系数下石灰掺量3%和6%改良膨胀土的压缩性比较接近,石灰掺量增加到9%时其压缩性明显降低。结合试验结果,提出用石灰改良膨胀土对跑道进行地基处理,并以膨胀性指标作为主要控制指标、强度指标作为验证指标来确定施工参数。     

固化黄土力学特性三轴试验研究

为进一步认识固化黄土的力学特性,以郑州地区黄土为试验材料,制备不同固化剂掺量的试样,并在标准养护条件下养护至试验龄期后饱和。应用GDSTTS标准应力路径三轴仪,开展固结不排水(CU)剪切试验,主要研究围压、固化剂掺量以及养护龄期对固化黄土力学特性的影响。试验结果表明：郑州地区固化黄土具有显著的结构性,其应力应变曲线呈现出应变软化特征,并可用驼峰型三参数表达式描述;同时,增大围压和固化剂掺量以及延长养护龄期,固化黄土的峰值应力及残余应力都增大、养护龄期超过一定时间后,其对固化黄土强度的影响趋弱。     

复合填料一维冻胀量数值模拟分析

复合填料是以废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯颗粒（EPS）、水泥和水为原料,拌合后形成的一种轻质填筑材料。其中,EPS颗粒含量适当时,能减少或消除复合填料的冻胀和融沉,可作为季节性冻土区的路基填料。假设复合填料中除EPS颗粒外的骨料颗粒、孔隙冰为刚性介质,同时考虑EPS颗粒变形和填料孔隙变形对复合填料冻结过程的影响,在已有的冻土水热耦合分离冰模型的基础上,得到考虑EPS颗粒变形影响的饱和填料一维冻结水热耦合控制方程,进而预测填料的冻胀量。与室内模型试验结果对比表明,本文模型可用于该种具有弹性颗粒复合填料的冻胀量模拟,为工程中冻胀量预测提供依据。     

复合填料热传导过程数值模拟

复合填料由废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯（EPS）颗粒、水泥和水按一定质量比例混合制成,具有低导热性、抗冻胀和轻质特性。根据热阻力法则和比等效导热系数相等法则,将材料视为由大量正方形单元体组成,其中心为一个球形EPS颗粒,这种单元体与总体的导热系数相等。运用AN SY S软件对复合填料单元体的传热过程进行了有限元模拟,根据瞬态法导热系数测试原理,推求不同EPS掺入比情况下的复合填料导热系数,分析EPS颗粒与导热系数的关系,发现材料导热系数随着EPS掺入比的增加而快速降低。将材料导热系数数值模拟与实测结果作比较,发现有限元模拟值与实测值接近,说明采用有限元方法可以实现对材料传热过程的模拟。     

膨胀土水泥改性均匀性及长期效果试验研究

为了解南水北调中线工程南阳膨胀土试验段水泥改性土的掺拌均匀性及长期改性效果,进行了现场取样和室内试验研究。结果表明,中膨胀水泥改性土采用稳定土拌和机拌合效果相对较好;弱膨胀水泥改性土采用路拌机拌合,试样渗透系数及无侧限抗压强度变化均较大,表明现场拌合不均匀,即水泥改性土的拌合工艺对其均匀性影响很大。水泥改性土现场运行一年多之后,不仅显著降低了膨胀性,而且显著提高了膨胀土的抗剪强度,长期改性效果显著。     

基于直接位移的回填EPS混合土挡墙抗震设计方法

EPS混合土(EPSCS)是一种具有轻质、高强、环境友好等优良工程特性的土工材料,作为挡墙回填土可大大减小墙背所受到的侧向土压力。为更好的理解回填EPS混合土挡墙的抗震性能,针对EPS混合土的特点,从性态分析角度出发,基于直接位移的设计概念(direct displacement based design,简称DDBD)提出一种适合回填EPS混合土的挡墙抗震简化分析方法。结果显示,由抗震性态设计理论所得到的土压力和墙顶位移与试验结果吻合较好;土压力需求曲线可用于判断墙后土体是否达到主动极限平衡状态,较好地预测回填土裂缝的出现;挡墙的需求曲线与能力曲线的交点为挡墙发挥最佳性能的状态,可用于回填EPS混合土挡墙的性态抗震设计。     

Preparation of low water-sorption lightweight aggregates from harbor sediment added with waste glass

A harbor sediment is successfully recycled at 1150 °C as low water-absorption lightweight aggregate via addition of waste glass powder. Sodium content in the waste glass is responsible for the formation of low-viscosity viscous phases during firing process to encapsulate the gases generated for bloating pellet samples. Water sorption capacity of the lightweight products can be considerably reduced from 5.6% to 1.5% with the addition of waste glass powder. Low water-absorption property of lightweight products is beneficial for preparing lightweight concrete because the water required for curing the cement would not be seized by lightweight aggregate filler, thus preventing the failure of long-term concrete strength.     

Preparation of low water-sorption lightweight aggregates from harbor sediment added with waste glass

A harbor sediment is successfully recycled at 1150 °C as low water-absorption lightweight aggregate via addition of waste glass powder. Sodium content in the waste glass is responsible for the formation of low-viscosity viscous phases during firing process to encapsulate the gases generated for bloating pellet samples. Water sorption capacity of the lightweight products can be considerably reduced from 5.6% to 1.5% with the addition of waste glass powder. Low water-absorption property of lightweight products is beneficial for preparing lightweight concrete because the water required for curing the cement would not be seized by lightweight aggregate filler, thus preventing the failure of long-term concrete strength.     

黄山茶叶品质与产地地质背景关系探讨

本文通过对黄山茶叶的实地调查,从地学角度分析了黄山茶叶的地质背景对土壤中元素组合、土壤类型的影响,探讨了茶叶主要品质与产地地质背景的关系,分析了茶叶优异的品质与地质背景条件的相关性。确定出黄山毛峰生长的土壤是在特定的青白口纪邓家组变石英砂岩、变粉砂岩、板岩风化而成的粗骨土,太平猴魁是在特定志留纪康山组长石石英砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩风化而成红壤土、粗骨土,这些土壤为茶树生长提供了大量的营养物质,特别是有益的微量元素对提高茶叶品质起到了重要作用。     

淤泥生态浮床的构建及其对富营养化水体净化效果

利用武汉月湖清淤底泥为主要原料,配以膨胀珍珠岩为轻质材料、灰渣胶凝材料为粘合剂制得淤泥生态浮床,并考察其对富营养化水体的改善效果.研究表明,湖泊淤泥、膨胀珍珠岩、灰渣胶凝材料掺量分别为60%、15%、25%时,浮床模块的密度、抗压强度、抗折强度、吸水率、软化系数达到797.2kg/m3、1.02MPa、0.21MPa、13.2%和85.5%,满足设计需要.在为期32d的净水试验中,淤泥生态浮床对富营养化水体净化效果较好,TN、TP、NH4+-N、PO34-P、CODMn、Chl.a的去除率最高分别可达31.1%、38.6%、37.2%、36.9%、39.7%和48.8%.淤泥生态浮床有效解决了湖泊清淤底泥的处置问题,并且可对富营养化水体取得较好的生态修复效果,适合推广使用.     

Sediments Quality Assessment of Jacarepaguá Lagoon: The Venue of the 2011 Rock in Rio

In order to aid in the efforts of the 2016 Olympic Games, the organizers of 2011 Rock in Rio decided to build a permanent venue next to the Olympic Park. The area is problematic from the geotechnical point of view since it presents soils with low shear strength, low permeability, and high plasticity, so major soil improvement works were carried out. Bored soil–cement columns were placed to increase soil shear strength and reduce compressibility. A meter thick fill composed of gneiss residual soil was placed and trenches were digged to drain rainwater. However, earlier studies conducted on Jacarepaguá Lagoon have detected the presence of heavy metals in these sediments. In this study, an environmental survey on the Jacarepaguá Lagoon sediments took place in order to choose a place where its sediments could be dredged to be later used in the drainage facilities. The results indicated areas where the threshold level 1 (low probability of adverse effects) issued by the general procedures for sediments quality assessments for dredging purposes, Resolution no 344 of the Brazilian Federal Government, was surpassed. Levels above the limits established for cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were detected. Based on this consideration the State Environmental Agency issued a permit allowing the organizers of 2011 Rock in Rio to dredge an area close to City of Rock in order to obtain coarse sediments for the drainage facilities. In addition, it was found that those sediments were ideal for this application since their hydraulic conductivity is on the order of 10^?2 cm/s.     

Enhancement of Biogas Generation by Addition of Lipase in the Co‐Digestion of Tannery Solid Wastes

Co‐digestion studies were carried out for biogas generation using fleshings as the primary substrate and a mixture of primary and secondary sludge generated during the treatment of tannery wastewater as the co‐substrate. Steapsin, a commercial grade lipase, was added to enhance the hydrolysis in anaerobic co‐digestion. The lipase dosages used were ranging between 0.25 and 1.0 g for a volatile solids input of 7.5 g. The performance of the co‐digestion was assessed from the volume of biogas generated. Experimental results revealed an optimum lipase dosage of about 0.75 g. At this dosage, the biogas generation was observed to increase by about 15% compared to that in the control without adding lipase. Further, the digestion with lipase addition was observed faster since the digestion period was reduced about 30%. This means that the capacity of the digester could also be reduced about 30% leading to savings in its installation cost.     

基于树根桩加固的震后公路路基边坡综合修复技术

为实现震后路基边坡的快速修复,提出基于树根桩加固的震后公路路基边坡综合修复技术。根据路基震害及地质环境对路基边坡的影响分析因素,采用树根桩技术及气泡轻质填土技术修复路基边坡;利用三维有限差分法模拟树桩加固气泡轻质填土修复后路基边坡得到参数值,再结合强度折减法计算得到的路基边坡稳定系数,最后得到优化树根桩的设计参数,以实现震后路基边坡综合修复。以上方法通过仿真模拟实验,得到最优的树根桩排距为2.5 dm。