六盘山群沉积物磁化率记录的早白垩世气候变化

白垩纪气候环境研究对认识现今全球环境格局的形成具有重要意义,现有的白垩纪环境变化记录均来自海洋沉积物,本文通过对我国中部六盘山地区六盘山群地层沉积与岩石磁化率测量分析,获得了128.15～115.82Ma期间陆相沉积物记录的气候变化信息。结果显示磁化率值总体较低,以125Ma为界大致可以分为前低后高两个阶段;结合岩石磁学测量及沉积相、岩石中铁含量与磁化率变化关系分析,认为岩石磁化率主要与源区磁性矿物的种类及含量有关,据此揭示六盘山地区在该时间段气候总体为干热环境,并可分为128.15～125Ma间气候相对湿热和125～115.82Ma间气候相对温湿两个阶段。磁化率记录的这种气候转变与海洋沉积物记录的全球海平面温度变化趋势一致,但相对海平面温度由升高到降低的转折时间提前约1.7Ma。     

六盘山地区下白垩统红色绿色泥岩地球化学特征及气候环境

白垩纪是距今最近的"温室地球"时期,研究其气候演变对认识现今气候环境格局形成及演变具有重要意义。通过对六盘山地区下白垩统六盘山群李洼峡组中段红色、绿色泥岩的元素地球化学特征研究,发现2种泥岩中大部分元素变异趋势相似;化学风化指数(CIA)相当(红色泥岩平均为66.3%,绿色泥岩平均为65.5%),反映中—低化学风化强度;A-CN-K图解显示源岩单一。利用CaCO3质量百分含量,(CaO+Na2O+K2O)/Al2O3,TFeO/Mn,Ti/Sr,Rb/Sr,Sr/Ba比值等指标分析显示泥岩颜色差异与气候背景有关,红色泥岩形成时气候较为稳定,表现为相对湿润且氧化的环境,而绿色泥岩形成时气候波动较大,表现为相对干旱且还原的环境。     

宁夏六盘山盆地早白垩世六盘山群原型盆地特征

六盘山盆地是近南北向狭长的中新生代断陷沉积盆地,位于秦岭、祁连加里东褶皱带与鄂尔多斯盆地西缘断褶带之间,华北古板块南部边缘,为河西走廊东延部分。通过六盘山盆地六盘山群底部砾岩砾石特征、古水流等分析,探讨下白垩统沉积时期的物源特征。从露头观察结果看,三桥组沉积的粗粒砂砾岩具有分选性和磨圆度差的特点,反映结构成熟度低及离物源近的特点。早白垩世初期,六盘山盆地受晚侏罗世挤压构造的影响,盆地周缘山体为剥蚀区,西南缘沉积了一套以粗碎屑为主的冲积扇,向盆地内部过渡为辫状河;早白垩世晚期,受伸展构造的影响,盆地边界向外扩展,坳陷一并向西部扩展,随着气候的干旱-湿润交替出现,发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲及浅湖、咸化湖沉积。     

宁夏六盘山盆地早白垩世六盘山群原型盆地特征

六盘山盆地是近南北向狭长的中新生代断陷沉积盆地,位于秦岭、祁连加里东褶皱带与鄂尔多斯盆地西缘断褶带之间,华北古板块南部边缘,为河西走廊东延部分。通过六盘山盆地六盘山群底部砾岩砾石特征、古水流等分析,探讨下白垩统沉积时期的物源特征。从露头观察结果看,三桥组沉积的粗粒砂砾岩具有分选性和磨圆度差的特点,反映结构成熟度低及离物源近的特点。早白垩世初期,六盘山盆地受晚侏罗世挤压构造的影响,盆地周缘山体为剥蚀区,西南缘沉积了一套以粗碎屑为主的冲积扇,向盆地内部过渡为辫状河;早白垩世晚期,受伸展构造的影响,盆地边界向外扩展,坳陷一并向西部扩展,随着气候的干旱-湿润交替出现,发育冲积扇、河流、三角洲及浅湖、咸化湖沉积。     

六盘山地区早白垩世磁性地层年代及其构造意义

研究六盘山白垩纪盆地演化对于认识中国大陆白垩纪及现今构造-环境格局形成具有重要意义。通过对六盘山地区火石寨剖面的沉积地层进行古地磁采样测量,初步获得六盘山群的磁性地层年代为100～130 Ma。综合古地磁测年结果、盆地沉积演化和构造事件分析,认为白垩纪六盘山盆地具拉张断陷性质,经历了早期拉张裂陷阶段(125.3 ～ 129.6 Ma)、中期扩张-稳定坳陷阶段(109.6 ～125.3 Ma)和晚期湖盆萎缩阶段(102.0～ 109.6 Ma)。盆地早期拉张裂陷和中期扩张坳陷阶段的时限与目前已确认的中国东部构造伸展转折的高峰期(110 ~ 140 Ma)相对应,是对中国东部岩石圈减薄作用和构造体制转变的响应。     

宁夏六盘山地区早白垩世恐龙足迹研究

本文记述了发现于宁夏六盘山地区的恐龙足迹化石。共计5个化石点,分别位于宁夏六盘山地区固原市隆德县和泾源县,赋存地层为下白垩统六盘山群和尚铺组、李洼峡组和马东山组,包括蜥脚类和鸟脚类恐龙足迹化石,其中以蜥脚类为主。足迹可识别的有4条行迹,其中,隆德县香水镇行迹所代表的恐龙个体较小,臀高仅1.44m,其余3组行迹代表的恐龙较大,臀高在2.79～3.27m之间;鸟脚类恐龙臀高约为0.48 m,为小型鸟脚类恐龙。采用Alexander的速度计算方法对造迹恐龙的速度进行研究,表明六盘山地区蜥脚类造迹恐龙速度为0.34～1.41m/s之间,复步长与臀高的比值小于2,均为正常行走状态。足迹保存层面岩性主要为粉砂质泥岩、细砂岩,具水平层理、波痕、泥裂、雨雹痕等沉积构造,含植物碎片化石,并发育有大量的无脊椎动物潜穴化石。根据岩性及沉积构造判断,造迹恐龙活动环境为离湖岸较近的浅水地带。     

A new bird track,Koreanaornis lii ichnosp. nov., from the Lower Cretaceous Hekou Group in the Lanzhou-Minhe Basin,Gansu, Northwest China,and implications for Early Cretaceous avian diversity

There are a growing number of Early Cretaceous avian tracks and trackways from around the world, with Asia (China and Korea) having the largest reported number and diversity of Mesozoic avian traces to date, and these new discoveries are increasing the Early Cretaceous avian ichnodivesrity of Laurasia. Here we report on a new Lower Cretaceous avian track locality in the Guanshan area, Yongjing County, Gansu Province, northwest China, and on a novel ichnospecies of Koreanaornis, Koreanaornis lii ichnosp. nov. Koreananornis lii is distinct from other Koreanaornipodidae in that it possesses a consistently wider digit divarication than previously described tridactyl tracks, and possess a short, small, posteromedially oriented hallux that displays a different orientation than that seen in Koreanaornis hamanensis. The lack of linear and angular data reported for digit I traces of many avian ichnotaxa has the potential to give misleading results in multivariate statistical analyses. Also, the wide divarication of Koreanaornis lii causes the ichnotaxon to not group with other Koreanornipodidae in multivariate analyses, but with Ignotornidae. Despite the results of the analyses, K. lii is morphologically distinct from these ichnotaxa. The results demonstrate that relying solely on multivariate statistical analyses without careful examination of footprint morphology will result in erroneous ichnospecies groupings. While new vertebrate ichnotaxa discoveries from Asia may support the hypotheses of the presence of a unique and endemic Asian vertebrate ichnofauna during the Cretaceous, the recent discovery of skeletal remains interpreted to be of a volant wading bird from the Early Cretaceous, and recent reports of tracks from volant avians, could suggest that flighted avians of the shore- and wading bird ecotypes could have had a Laurasian-wide distribution during the Early Cretaceous. However, strong convergence in foot morphology of shore- and wading birds suggests that avian ichnotaxa found in both present-day Asia and North America may have been made by birds endemic to eastern and western Laurasia during the Early Cretaceous.     

浑善达克沙地磁化率和有机质揭示的全新世气候变化

根据浑善达克沙地锡林浩特剖面磁化率、有机质等气候代用指标的变化特征和14C测年结果,分析和讨论了浑善达克沙地10.7kaBP以来的气候变化过程.实验数据显示地层剖面磁化率和有机质值的变化趋势基本一致,且峰值段对应古土壤层,谷值段对应风成砂层.依据磁化率和有机质含量的变化将浑善达克沙地全新世气候变化分为5个阶段:10.7～8.5 kaBP,气候相对冷干,冬季风较强,夏季风相对较弱,但有增强趋势;8.5～5.8 kaBP,气候温暖湿润,夏季风较强,冬季风相对较弱,与全新世最适宜期对应;5.8～3.5 kaBP,气候波动变化频繁,但夏季风和冬季风都相对较弱;3.5～1.9 kaBP,气候温暖湿润,仅次于全新世最适宜期,夏季风较强,冬季风相对较弱;1.9 kaBP以来,气候波动渐变冷干,冬季风逐渐波动增强,夏季风相对逐渐减弱.并且其气候变化与全球变化具有较好的一致性.     

六盘山盆地南部下白垩统烃源岩地球化学特征与生烃演化研究

六盘山盆地南部地区下白垩统地层中主要发育有3套烃源岩,自下而上分别为李洼峡组、马东山组和乃家河组。其岩性为灰色、灰黑色的湖相泥岩、灰质泥岩和泥灰岩。通过对盆地南部白垩系露头实测与取样,结合地震、钻井等资料,从有机质丰度、类型、成熟度及可溶组分的生物标志物等方面开展了地球化学特征研究,结合烃源岩生烃演化史分析,初步明确了六盘山盆地南部早白垩系烃源岩的生烃潜力。结果表明：六盘山盆地下白垩统烃源岩生烃高峰为早白垩世末期,生烃门限2 150 m;李洼峡组烃源岩有机质成熟度较高,但有机质丰度较低,类型较差,勘探潜力有限;马东山组烃源岩有机质丰度较高,类型较好,分布较广泛,在一定条件下可以形成一定规模的低熟油;乃家河组烃源岩以Ⅱ型为主,成熟度偏低,处于未熟—低熟阶段。     

New Early Cretaceous Pterosaur-Bird Track Assemblage from Xinjiang, China: Palaeoethology and Palaeoenvironment

A pterosaur-bird track assemblage from a sandstone-siltstone-mudstone sequence of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of Xinjiang comprises the first pterosaur track record from this province and the largest specimen thus far known from China.The pterosaur tracks are assigned to the ichnogenus Pteraichnus based on the triangular overall-shape,the four elongate digit traces and the robust manual digit trace Ⅲ.Supposed trackmakers were dsungaripterid pterodactyloids whose skeletal remains are well known from the Tugulu Group.The bird tracks that occur on the same surface,are those of typical shorebirds,known from different other localities in southeast Asia.The congruence with Koreanaornis dodsoni described from the same stratigraphic level justifies an assignment to this ichnospecies.This is a further evidence of the co-occurrence of pterosaurs and birds in a typical iakeshore environment with possible seasonal alteration of water supply and aerial exposure indicated by wave ripples,mudcracks and repeated cycles of coarse to fine sediment.Pterosaurs and birds frequented the shoreline and may have fed also on the numerous invertebrates such as the Scoyenia tracemaker that left abundant burrows.     

A new hangingfly (Insecta,Mecoptera, Bittacidae) from the Purbeck Limestone Group (Lower Cretaceous) of southern England and a review of Cretaceous Bittacidae

Rapid radiation of the Bittacidae during the Jurassic resulted in high diversity within this family of Mecoptera. More than 40 species within 23 genera have been described from this period. However, around the end of the Jurassic the abundance and diversity of Bittacidae decreased and only seven species in five genera are known to date from the Cretaceous. A new specimen from the basal Cretaceous of England, Tytthobittacus jarzembowski sp. nov., described here, represents the eighth species and the second fossil representative of this family from the European Cretaceous. This hangingfly belongs to an extant and relictual genus previously known only from Australia. The paper also includes a review of all known Cretaceous bittacids and a re-examination of European species Antiquanabittacus nanus Petrulevičius and Jarzembowski, 2004.     

中部拉萨地体南侧吉瓦地区早白垩世则弄群火山岩的发现及意义

西藏尼玛县吉瓦地区措勤-多瓦后陆拗陷带内分布的火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为120.3~126.5Ma左右,重新厘定为早白垩世则弄群,否定了前人归属为上新世乌郁群(N2wy)及始新世帕那组(E2p)的认识。岩石以酸性火山岩为主,中基性火山岩为辅,酸性岩类主要为火山碎屑岩类和熔岩类,典型岩石类型为流纹质熔结凝灰岩和流纹岩等,中基性岩主要为玄武安山岩,安山玄武岩等,杏仁构造普遍发育。研究区大量的流纹质熔结凝灰岩的出现反映了吉瓦地区的火山岩主要为陆相火山喷发形成。地球化学特征显示轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显,富集K、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素。酸性火山岩具有A型花岗质岩浆岩特征,基性岩具有板内玄武岩亲缘性,这一特征可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳岩石圈南向俯冲过程中发生的板片断离有关。中部拉萨地体南侧早白垩世火山岩的发现,使班公湖-怒江洋壳南向俯冲在晚侏罗世-早白垩世的岩浆活动在原来的基础上向南延伸70~80km,火山岩地层时代的重新归位对研究冈底斯带早白垩世地球动力学背景及建立地质年代学格架提供了新的约束资料,具有重要的科学意义。吉瓦地区早白垩世则弄群火山岩可能受到了班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向南、雅鲁藏布江洋壳向北的双向俯冲制约。     

莱阳盆地莱阳群恐龙足迹化石的新发现

在山东莱阳盆地早白垩世莱阳群龙旺庄组发现15个足迹化石。化石产在灰绿色细砾粗砂岩(转石)的下层面,呈层底凸形(Convex hyporelief)保存。研究表明,足迹为二足行走、趾行式、三趾型,趾端具尖、长爪。足长约13 cm,长大于宽,近中趾对称。趾间角较大:平均值Ⅱ27°Ⅲ27.2°Ⅳ,Ⅱ、Ⅳ趾夹角平均54.2°。趾垫不清晰,无尾迹印痕。经研究,笔者认为这是一新的足迹类型,命名为Paragrallator ichnogen. nov.,并将其归入Coelurosauria Huene 1914次亚目,Anchisauripodidae(Lull 1904)足迹科。即该足迹系由小型兽脚类恐龙——虚骨龙类所形成。恐龙足迹形成于滨湖相—河流相环境中。     

A New Hadrosauriform Dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China

A new basal hadrosauriform dinosaur, Xuwulong yueluni gen. et sp. nov., is reported based on an articulated specimen including a complete cranium, almost complete axial skeleton, and complete left pelvic girdle. The specimen is recovered from the Early Cretaceous Yujingzi Basin in the Jiuquan area, Gansu Province of northwestern China. Xuwulong is among the most basal members of hadrosauriform dinosaurs, and distinguished by its unique lower jaw in having a V-shaped rostral end of the dentary in lateral view and a mandibular articular surface which levels with mid-height of the dentary ramus, as well as an enlarged and downturned prepubic process. Including Xuwulong, three basal hadrosauriforms have been discovered from the Early Cretaceous Xinminpu Group in the Mazongshan area, making it an important area to study the origin and early evolution of duck-billed dinosaurs.     

Rhodophycean algae from the Lower Cretaceous of the Cauvery Basin,South India

The present paper records eight Rhodophycean taxa from the Kallakudi limestone of the Uttatur Group (Lower Cretaceous) exposed in the quarries at Kallakudi and Olaipadi near Govindarajapatnam of the Cauvery Basin, south India. Of these, four species (Melobesioideae gen. et sp. indet 1, Melobesioideae gen. et sp. indet 2, Lithophyllum alternicellum and Pseudoamphiroa propria) belong to corallinaceae family, one species (Polystrata alba) is assigned to Peyssonneliaceae family, two species (Solenopora urgoniana and Parachaetetes asvapatii) are placed under Solenoporaceae; and one species (Sporolithon sp.) is referable to Sporolithaceae family. Among these, three taxa (Solenopora urgoniana, Lithophyllum alternicellum and Pseudoamphiroa propria) are recorded for the first time from India. The study also includes observations on ultrastructural morphological features of Parachaetetes asvapatii. The observations reveal absence of cell fusions, which confirms its affinities with Solenoporaceae. Palaeoecological data indicate that the assemblage from the sequence at the Kallakudi quarry is characteristic of lagoonal to reefal environment, whereas the Olaipadi quarry sequence near Govindarajapatnam points to 20 m to 30 m deep environment characterized by high- to moderate energy conditions.     

论江苏东海早白垩世地层

主要论述了江苏东海南古寨村一带产恐龙足印化石地层的岩石地层归属和地质时代,认为这套地层应归于大盛群,而不宜归于青山群或孟疃组,时代为早白垩世晚期。江苏东海南古寨村一带大量恐龙足印化石的发现不仅填补了江苏不产恐龙化石的空白,而且也为该县增添了新的旅游资源。     

On a New Genus of Basal Neoceratopsian Dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Gansu Province, China

1 Introduction The Mazongshan area in northwestern China yields a diverse dinosaur assemblage, including members of Theropoda, Sauropoda, Ankylosauridae, Euornithopoda, and Ceratopsia (Dong, 1997; You, 2002). This assemblage is characterized by several well-established taxa, such as the basal neoceratopsian Archaeoceratops oshimai (Dong and Azuma, 1997; You and Dodson, 2003), the basal hadrosauroid Equijubus normani (You et al., 2003a), and the basal titanosaurian Gobititan shenzhouensi…     

New fossil anurans from the Lower Cretaceous Sasayama Group of Hyogo Prefecture,Western Honshu,Japan

We describe two well-preserved and articulated fossil anurans excavated from the Lower Cretaceous Sasayama Group in Hyogo Prefecture, Western Honshu, Japan, as new taxa on the basis of unique combinations of character states. We performed a phylogenetic analysis that included these new taxa, as well as Mesozoic and archaic anurans. This analysis strongly supports the monophyly of each of the two new taxa, both of which are placed in more derived positions than extant leiopelmatids or Liaobatrachus from the Lower Cretaceous in China. Anuran specimens from the Tetori Group of Japan are not assigned to the two new taxa, suggesting that at least three anuran taxa were present in Japan during the Early Cretaceous. These Japanese representatives are not closely related to known fossil anurans from Eastern Eurasia, unlike recently described Cretaceous lizards from these two regions.     

Fission–track Ages and Magnetic Susceptibility of Cretaceous to Paleogene Volcanic Rocks in Southeastern Sikhote Alin, Far East Russia

Abstract: Seven zircon fission-track ages and 30 magnetic susceptibilities were measured on welded pyroclastic rocks from the Bogopol and Sijanov Groups of the Cretaceous to Paleogene volcanic rocks in the southeastern part of the eastern Sikhote Alin volcano-plutonic belt, Far East Russia. The fission-track ages range from 42. 7 Ma to 64. O Ma which indicate that both the groups are of Early Paleogene time. Two thirds of the samples from the Bogopol Group have high magnetic susceptibility values, more than 3 A- 10^-3 SI unit, which imply that they are of the magnetite–series, whereas the samples from the Sijanov Group show 3 A- 10^-3 to 8 A- 10^-5 SI unit which suggest this group of probably the ilmenite-series.
The Paleogene age and high magnetic susceptibility of the Bogopol Group are quite similar to the Paleogene igneous rocks of the San'in belt, Southwest Japan. This suggests, taking accounts of the opening of the Japan Sea, that the eastern Sikhote Alin volcano-plutonic belt continued to the San'in Belt, and that the Paleogene igneous rocks along the Japan Sea coast of Northeast Japan were situated along the volcanic front of the eastern Sikhote Alin volcano-plutonic belt.     

长江中下游地区下蜀黄土磁化率曲线与环境变迁

通过对镇江大港剖面地层结构和磁化率曲线特征的分析研究,以及与相邻地区风尘堆积研究成果的比较,认为长江中下游地区磁化率曲线的波动旋回很好的对应了黄土 -古土壤风尘堆积序列,记录着该区中更新世以来七次大的古气候冷暖旋回。古气候的旋回变化幅度较北方黄土区要小得多,冷期和暖期都存在着频繁的小尺度的气候冷暖波动,可与深海氧同位素曲线相比较 但各地下蜀黄土沉积速率和沉积环境有一定的差异。