电接风电缆线故障的一种解决方法

现用的地面常规仪器中,电接风向风速计是故障率较高的一种,在各种介绍检修电接风仪器故障的材料中,只介绍了电路部分故障的检修方法,和机械部分的调整方法,似乎电缆故障只有更换。在实际工作中我曾遇到2次风电缆故障,并成功排除,现将我对电缆故障的解决方法写出来,供同行参考。     

电接风备用直流电源的设计与使用

电接风备用直流电源的设计是利用自动控制原理，采用12V蓄电瓶、LM324集成电路继电器、变压器等主要原件，设计了一个能自动充电并在市电停电时能自动供电的备用直流电源，用来解决市电停电时，保证电接风能正常供电。电接风自动充电直流电源设计简单，使用方便，而且该设计所采用的电子原件数量不多，市场上均可买到，自动充     

一次电接风向风速计故障的排除

前一时期 ,我局的电接风向风速指示器出了点小故障 :观测定时值 2分钟平均风速时 ,瞬间风速偏小很多 ,更换指示器后 ,该现象仍不能排除。经检查发现 ,原来是 1 2线插头座密封用的橡皮垫圈老化破裂进水发生短路所致。用棉花吸掉水分 ,再吹干 ,换上新的橡皮垫圈 ,风向风速指示器恢复正常。一次电接风向风速计故障的排除@杨云$新县气象局!河南新县465500     

电接风一种常见故障分析

风向指示器灯泡变得昏暗不亮 ,是电接风向风速计一种常见故障。其原因多是指示器中交流电保险管被烧及并联的干电池组因长期使用而造成供电不足。此时应及时更换保险管并同时将并联的干电池组一并更换。在更换保险管时 ,要先断开电源 ,以防触电。电接风一种常见故障分析@王守强$商城县气象局!河南商城465300     

电接风长电缆中断部位判断小技巧

一次温县站电接风的风向无指示，记录器不跳。检查感应器、记录器，均正常，因此判定问题可能出现在长电缆卜。取下长电缆用万用表逐一测量12芯线，发现其中有一条线不通，说明这条线已经断裂。由于电接风12芯长电缆属于专用电缆，价格不菲，如果因其中一芯不通而弃置觉得可惜。为了找到断开的具体部位将其修复，我们用电表分别接在这一芯线的两端，然后从20线插头处开始逐段抖动、扭挤电缆线。当在距12线插头7～8m处(原风向杆部位)抖动、扭挤时，万用表突然接通。     

电接风常见的故障和检修分析

电接风向风速计 (以下简称为“电接风” )用于记录风的行程 ,并每隔两分半钟记录一次瞬时风向。记录纸经过整理后 ,可得出任意十分钟的平均风速及其相应风向。它由感应器、指示器和记录器三部分组成 ,感应器安装在室外的杆子上 ,指示器和记录器则置于室内 ,并通过一根十二线电缆、二十线电缆连接成为一个整体。电接风广泛应用于气象、监测、环保、机场、航海等部门。现时 ,电接风是气象台站的主要观测仪器之一 ,每年撤换仪器的主要任务 ,检修台站有问题的电接风。现介绍一些常见的故障及其检修方法供台站参考。1　故障现象 :瞬时风速无指示…     

电接风感应器日常维护的两点体会

在气象观测要素中,风要素是不可缺少的项目之一。为保障记录的完整和真实准确,日常对测风仪器的维护就显得尤为重要。下面就实际工作中对电接风向感应器维护的体会略述一二,希望起到抛砖引玉的效果。在目前使用的人工站测风仪器中,大多是电接式风向风速计,少数台站也有使用达因式风向风速计的。本文主要分析电接式风向风速计常见故障的诊断、维修和防护。     

EL型电接风向风速仪一个故障的分析与检修

长子县气象局领取了一套新电接风向风速仪和新十二芯长电缆,正确安装后不能使用。１故障现象１１转动凤向标一周,模拟１６个方位风向Ｅ风时,ＳＥ灯炮亮,属于不正常;ＥＳＥ风时,Ｅ和ＳＥ灯泡同时亮,属于正常;ＳＥ风时,Ｅ灯泡亮,属于不正常;ＳＳＥ风时,Ｅ和Ｗ...     

A revaluation of the Kansas mast influence on measurements of stress and cup anemometer overspeeding

For the 1968 Kansas atmospheric surface-layer experiment, a supplementary analysis is made of the evaluation procedure. Available data on the ratio of wind speeds measured on separate booms show a variation with wind direction which is too large for an open mast. Actually the Kansas mast appears to have carried a bulky array of apparatus at the sonic anemometer levels. It is shown that the air flow interference caused by this obstacle can be satisfactorily estimated by way of potential flow calculations. From these it follows that the sonic anemometer measurements probably have undervalued the free-flow eddy stress by 20% to 30%, which implies that the simultaneous drag plate measurements of stress were generally correct. Also the overestimation of the mean wind speed by the Kansas cup anemometer is found to have been 6% rather than 10%. Some Kansas evaluation results are amended accordingly. The von Kármán constant is found to be 0.41 rather than 0.35, and the near-adiabatic eddy diffusivity ratio K _H /K _M becomes 1.0 rather than 1.3. The flux-gradient relations (Businger et al., 1971) after similar revision no longer differ significantly from those obtained elsewhere.     

Application of an error statistics estimation method to the PSAS forecast error covariance model

In atmospheric data assimilation systems, the forecast error covariance model is an important component. However, the paralneters required by a forecast error covariance model are difficult to obtain due to the absence of the truth. This study applies an error statistics estimation method to the Pfiysical-space Statistical Analysis System （PSAS） height-wind forecast error covariance model. This method consists of two components： the first component computes the error statistics by using the National Meteorological Center （NMC） method, which is a lagged-forecast difference approach, within the framework of the PSAS height-wind forecast error covariance model; the second obtains a calibration formula to rescale the error standard deviations provided by the NMC method. The calibration is against the error statistics estimated by using a maximum-likelihood estimation （MLE） with rawindsonde height observed-minus-forecast residuals. A complete set of formulas for estimating the error statistics and for the calibration is applied to a one-month-long dataset generated by a general circulation model of the Global Model and Assimilation Office （GMAO）, NASA. There is a clear constant relationship between the error statistics estimates of the NMC-method and MLE. The final product provides a full set of 6-hour error statistics required by the PSAS height-wind forecast error covariance model over the globe. The features of these error statistics are examined and discussed.     

SWAN中定量降水估测和预报产品的检验与误差分析

采用2010—2011年5—9月河南省区域加密自动站雨量和全省6部新一代天气雷达资料,用点对点统计检验评分方法,分析SWAN系统中定量降水估测(QPE)和定量降水预报(QPF)产品在河南省短时强降水过程中的误差分布,并分别讨论二者在河南省区域与局地强降水过程中的差别及产生误差的直观原因。结果表明:1)SWAN中QPE和QPF均对小时雨量低于10 mm的降水有较好的估测和预报能力;QPE以豫西南和豫北效果最好,QPF在豫中地区预报能力更强。QPE估测较实况偏大;QPF对小时雨量低于20 mm的短时强降水预报略偏大,而对更强降水预报偏小,尤以豫西和豫南最明显。2)QPE和QPF均对区域性降水有更好的估测或预报能力。3)区域降水过程中,QPE对降水中心范围和位置估测较准确,估测值较实况偏大;QPF对强降水中心位置预报略有偏差,其中心强度较实况偏弱。     

Development and use of the Gill UVW anemometer

A three-component anemometer, developed and refined during the past ten years, measures the three orthogonal wind-speed components directly along the instrument's three axes,X, Y, Z. The basic sensor for each of the three components is a light-weight helicoid propeller driving a tiny precision tachometer generator, which develops a D.C. voltage linearly proportional to the rate of turning of the propeller and reversing in polarity when the direction of rotation reverses. Each propeller turns at a rate almost linearly proportional to the instantaneous wind speed and the cosine of the angle subtended by the wind with the axis of the propeller. Propeller sensors have a starting speed of about 0.2 m s^?1; a distance constant of about 1 m; and may be used in winds up to 30 m s^?1. Over 500 of these instruments are now in use at research stations throughout the world.     

On the estimation of systematic error in regression-based predictions of climate sensitivity

An extension of a regression-based methodology for constraining climate forecasts using a multi-thousand member ensemble of perturbed climate models is presented, using the multi-model CMIP-3 ensemble to estimate the systematic model uncertainty in the prediction, with the caveat that systematic biases common to all models are not accounted for. It is shown that previous methodologies for estimating the systematic uncertainty in predictions of climate sensitivity are dependent on arbitrary choices relating to ensemble sampling strategy. Using a constrained regression approach, a multivariate predictor may be derived based upon the mean climatic state of each ensemble member, but components of this predictor are excluded if they cannot be validated within the CMIP-3 ensemble. It is found that the application of the CMIP-3 constraint serves to decrease the upper bound of likelihood for climate sensitivity when compared with previous studies, with 10th and 90th percentiles of probability at 1.5 K and 4.3 K respectively.     

The role of regional information in estimation of extreme point rainfalls

Previous analysis has shown that inclusion of regional information improves at-site estimation of point rainfalls and makes it possible to obtain estimates at non-monitored sites. The basis for this analysis was a partial duration series (PDS) modelling of individual rainfall observations and use of regional prior distributions for the PDS-parameters in a Bayesian estimation procedure. The advantages of this theoretically satisfactory, but also somewhat complicated procedure are evaluated by means of a comparison with simplified procedures. These include modelling based on regional pooling of all point rainfall data into one sample from a common parent distribution and modelling with disregard of either the dependence between stations or the regional heterogeneity. The different models are analysed and compared with respect to the uncertainty of the predicted extreme events.     

电接风的常见故障排除及使用维护

在我国现有的地面观测常规仪器中电接式风向风速计是测量风向和风速的最基本计量工具.它能够解决地面观测中的2分钟平均风速和10分钟平均风速的观测问题.     

极轨气象卫星资料地理定位误差评估与订正方法综述

首先介绍了极轨气象卫星资料地理定位误差的来源,回顾了地理定位误差的研究状况.随后重点分析了3种可行的定位误差评估与订正的数学方法,并结合极轨卫星资料定位误差的订正实例,对不同订正方法进行了比较和讨论.最后展望了地理定位误差订正方法的研究方向.