生产—库存模型中多服务台排队系统性能分析

在M/M/c/K排队模型的基础上增加(e,d)策略及单重休假策略,提出一个拟生灭过程矩阵,利用矩阵几何解给出了系统稳态队长分布.     

带反馈优先的M/M/c排队在通信网络中的应用

在具有Bernoulli反馈的单队列单服务台排队模型的基础上，考虑通信网络中赋予反馈信元优先权的情况，将单个服务台推广到多个服务台，建立了具有反馈优先的M／M／c排队模型．在该排队模型中，信元的到达遵循泊松过程，服务时间服从指数分布，通过构造拟生灭过程和运用谱展开方法给出了平稳队长分布的算法，具体给出了C=2时平稳队长分布的显式表达式，以及在反馈优先和反馈非优先两种策略下的排队指标，并作出了相应的指标性能分析，得出信元在反馈优先策略下的平均逗留时间较短，进而说明了该排队模型在通信网络中有广泛的应用价值。     

具有N-策略及Bernoulli反馈的M/M/1工作休假

研究具有N-策略及反馈的M/M/1工作休假排队模型.工作休假策略为空竭服务多重工作休假.在休假期间,服务员并未完全停止工作而是以相对于正常工作时较低的服务率为顾客服务.完成服务的顾客以概率p(0相似文献   

网络3维地球软件客户端缓存动态管理设计与实现

本地缓存机制能够显著减少数据请求,提高网络数据传输与可视化效率.本文探讨了多线程模式下的网络3维地球软件客户端空间数据访问与缓存替换流程,针对性设计并实现了一种基于内外双缓存及单一大数据文件模式的空间数据缓存动态管理机制,通过实验验证了方法的有效性.     

具有二次可选服务反馈的可选单重休假M/G/1排队模型

研究了具有第二次可选服务且两次服务完均可以反馈的和可选单重休假M/G/1排队模型.通过补充变量法,首先建立了系统稳态下的状态转移方程,用概率母函数的方法求解得到了稳态下系统队长的概率母函数,进而求出系统稳态解存在的稳态条件和稳态下系统的平均队长和顾客在系统中的平均逗留时间.最后给出了稳态队长的随机分解定理.     

具有不同到达率的带有启动时间及不耐烦策略的多级适应性休假M^X/G/1排队

研究了具有不同到达率的带有启动时间及不耐烦策略的多级适应性休假M^X/G/1排队模型,通过嵌入马尔可夫链方法推导出稳态队长的母函数、等待时间的LST（先到先服务规则）,并验证了稳态队长和稳态等待时间具有随机分解性,而且给出了忙期、全忙期及在线期均值。     

批量到达的多服务台排队模型求解

用概率母函数的方法求解了批量到达，多服务台排队模型队长的稳态分布、均值、顾客到达不用等候的概率。最后简述了结论在呼叫中心设计中的应用。     

具有Bernoulli反馈的M/M/1/N工作休假排队系统

研究了带Bernoulli反馈的M/M/1/N工作休假排队模型。工作休假策略为空竭服务多重工作休假。完成服务的顾客以概率p(0相似文献   

具有负顾客的GI/M/1工作休假及休假中止模型

针对GI/M/1排队模型可能出现的影响因素,研究具有负顾客的GI/M/1工作休假及休假中止模型.其服务规则为先到先服务,休假策略为空竭服务多重休假,负顾客抵消队尾的正顾客。若休假期中一个服务完成时,系统中还有顾客,发生休假中止。通过矩阵几何解方法求得到达时刻队长的稳态分布.     

一类具有到达损失、第二次多选服务、反馈的M/G/1重试排队系统

考虑了一个具有到达损失、第二次多选服务、反馈和一般重试时间的M/G/1排队模型。假定重试区域中只有队首的顾客允许重试。重试时间具有一般分布时,得到了系统稳态的充分必要条件。使用补充变量法和状态转移方程分析该模型,求得稳态时系统队长和重试区域中队长分布及相关指标。     

Stream temperature dynamics in Nam Co basin,southern Tibetan Plateau

Stream temperatures are sensitive to climate change and runoff regime variations. A comprehensive understanding on the effects of glacial melting on the stream temperatures are important in the Tibetan Plateau, of which contains the largest ice volume outside Polar Regions. This study documented the high-resolution stream temperature thermal regimes from glacier-fed and non-glacial rivers at four sites, versus a high-resolution glacier mass balance monitoring at Zhadang glacier, during summer melt seasons from 2007-2009 in the Nam Co basin of southern Tibetan Plateau. The results showed mean summer stream temperature and magnitude of daily thermal variation were lower at all sites when compared with alpine glacierized environments at lower latitudes. Mean stream temperatures for glacier-fed rivers(4.0℃ to 6.5℃)were minimum and least variable near the glacier terminus with increasing toward downstream(+0.13℃ km~(–1) to +0.28℃ km~(–1)). Meanwhile, stream temperature in 2008 was similar to that in 2007 and2009. For the non-glacial rivers, mean stream temperatures was about 9.0℃ with significantly warmer in summer months in 2009 and 2007 than that in 2008. These differences indicated that stream temperature was strongly influenced by discharge and precipitation. Particularly, the glacier mass balance played a large role on the stream temperature directly when the glacier melt contributed more than 50% of the glacial river runoff. Our results demonstrated the stream thermal variability from southern Tibetan rivers and provided new insight into the influence of glacier mass balance on stream thermal variability in high-altitude river system.     

Macroalgae in a spring stream in Shanxi Province： composition and relation to physical and chemical variables

Fourteen stream segments were investigated throughout the Xin’an Spring in Shanxi Province, China in 2004. The variation ranges in stream size, current velocity, discharge, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance were large. Twenty-two macroalgae species were found in the stream. Major divisions in terms of species numbers were Chlorophyta (59.1%), Cyanophyta (22.8%), Xanthophyta (9.1%), Rhodophyta (4.5%) and Charophyta (4.5%). The most widespread species, Cladophora rivularis (50.0%), also Oedogonium sp. (42.9%) and Spirogyra sp. (42.9%) were well represented throughout the stream, whereas another 10 species were found in only one sampling site. Total percentage cover varied from <1% to 90%. Red algae Batrachospermum acuatum and the charophytes Chara vulgaris have the highest percentage cover. Among the parameters analyzed, the stream width, specific conductance and dissolved oxygen were the ones that more closely related to the species number and percentage cover of macroalgal communities. The species number of each site was negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen content. The total percentage cover of the macroalgae was negatively correlated with the stream width and the specific conductance.     

基于地表校正和河道烧录方法的河网提取

 针对现有的数字高程模型(DEMs)在自动提取虚拟河网过程中易受洼地、平原地区影响,产生不连续的或平行的错误河网的问题,本文基于Arc Hydro Tools,阐述了地表校正(Agree算法)和河道烧录(Stream burning)方法提取虚拟河网的关键步骤和基本思路,并以环渤海地区为例,分析了有(无)河网辅助信息下,河网提取结果的准确度。研究结果表明,增加辅助信息更有助于提高虚拟河网的精度和准确性,且河道烧录方法在虚拟河网的提取上比Agree算法更有优势。由于环渤海研究区平原面积广大,对提取结果有较大的影响,提取结果的精确度不高。针对这一问题,本文综合河道烧录和地表校正(Agree 算法)的特点,提出一种河网提取的改进思路,并选取滦河流域作为验证区。通过对比,改进后的河网提取结果与中国实际河网分布较为吻合,说明该改进思路是较为合理、可信的。     

Using two contrasting methods with the same tracers to trace the main sediment source in a mountainous catchment

Assessing the contribution of sediments from different sources is essential to understand erosive processes and formulate further soil conservation strategies to address environmental problems.In this study,we combined the source fingerprinting approach with geochemistry,including comparison of potential sources,and distribution pattern of major elements,to estimate the different land-use relative contributions to streambed sediment in the Luowugou catchment(13.5 km~2)located on the Heishui River,the first branch of the Jinsha River,China.A total of 57 samples from stream bank,cropland,grassland,forest land,and sediments were collected,and then,15 elements were analyzed foreach sample.The fingerprinting results demonstrated that the stream bank(62.4%)had the greatest relative contribution to the bed sediment yield,while cropland,grassland,and forest land contributed 18.6%,14.9%,and 4.1%to the bed sediments,respectively.In comparison to the fingerprinting method,even though the results upon geochemistry only provide a qualitative assessment,the ranking of sediment contributions based on geochemistry was consistent with the sediment fingerprinting ranking,that is,stream bankcroplandgrasslandforest land.Our findings suggest that the focal point for sediment control practices should be the stream bank rather than cropland in the region.Geochemistry can result in an important means in validating the fingerprinting results.     

Directional spectrum of wind waves: Part I—model and derivation

A new model on the directional spectrum of wind waves for deep water is proposed based on the statistics of wind waves. This model contains three parameters: the wave age, the inverse spectral bandwidth and the local spectral-peak angular frequency. The inverse spectral bandwidth is a robust parameter for describing the spectral steepness of wind waves. Using the inverse spectral bandwidth parameter, the proposed model can well describe various observations obtained from the open ocean and laboratory tank.     

The Pleistocene Glaciation in the KarakoramMountains： Reconstruction of Past Glacier Extensions and Ice Thicknesses

Geomorphological and Quaternarygeological field- and laboratory data (Fig.1) are introduced and interpreted with regard to the maximum Ice Age (LGM) glaciation of the Central and South Karakoram in the Braldu-, Basna-, Shigar and Indus valley system as well as on the Deosai plateau between the Skardu Basin and the Astor valley (Fig.2). These data result from two research expeditions in the years 1997 and 2000. They show that between c. 6o and 2o Ka the Central Karakorum and its south slope were covered by a continuous c. 125000 km^2 sized ice stream network. This ice stream network flowed together to a joint parent glacier, the Indus glacier. The tongue end of the Indus glacier reached down to 850 ～ 800m a.s.l. In its centre the surface of this Indus ice stream network reached a height of a good 6ooo m. Its most important ice thicknesses amounted to c. 2400 ～ 2900 m.     

Directional Spectrum of Wind Waves: Part Ⅰ- Model and Derivation

1　Introduction　Numerousinvestigationsondeepwaterwindwavespectrumhavebeen performed (Phillips ,195 8;Bretschneider,195 9;PiersonandMoscowitz ,196 4;Hasselmannetal.,1973;Donelanetal.,1985 ;Ban ner ,1990 ;Wenetal.,1999) .Ondimensionalground ,Phillips (195 8)suggestedthattheequilibriumfre quencyspectrumofwindwavesfordeepwatershouldbe proportionaltoω- 5,andthecorrespondingwavenumberspectrumshouldbe proportionaltok- 4,whereωistheangularfrequencyandkisthewavenumber.Forfully developedwindwaves…     

辽宁水系沉积物元素丰度及典型矿区地球化学特征

利用区域化探成果,论述和探讨了37种元素在辽宁省全域及各地质子区水系沉积物中的分布与分配特征及省内7种类Au、Cu、Pb、Zn典型矿区地球化学特征。研究结果表明:辽宁省景观地球化学标型元素是Al(强烈富集)和Ca(大量流失),出露地表的岩石以遭受化学风化作用为主;组成重砂矿物的微量元素(亲铜和亲铁元素)在水系沉积物中趋于富集;早前寒武纪变质岩石是Au、Cu、Pb、Zn、B元素最重要的矿源层,蓟县纪地层富含Au、As、Sb、Bi等元素,是寻找浸染型金矿的有利层位;排由楼金矿区元素组合特征与太古界相似,该区可能一直处于相对封闭体系。     

基于汇水盆地的化探异常识别与评价: 以东昆仑乌拉斯太地区1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量为例

水系沉积物地球化学测量是卓有成效的找矿技术方法, 基于汇水盆地的水系沉积物地球化学异常提取有助于追溯异常源头、指明找矿方向。基于SCB法提出了汇水盆地法, 该方法以自然汇水盆地为预测单元, 将各样品点的地球化学属性特征赋予各自所在区域, 预测结果较为符合地形地貌特征, 且对于采样密度较高的1∶5万水系沉积物地球化学测量数据有较好的应用效果。以东昆仑乌拉斯太地区为研究区, 使用高精度DEM划分汇水盆地, 利用该方法对1∶5万水系沉积物Au、Ag、Pb因子得分进行了异常信息提取, 在提取过程中利用多种地貌参数(干流坡度、地形起伏比、汇水盆地面积)作为泥沙输移比进行残差校正计算, 并在此基础上, 利用C-A分形法分离了地球化学背景与异常。异常提取结果表明, 汇水盆地面积参数最适合用作乌拉斯太地区的泥沙输移比参与顺流衰减校正, 使用汇水盆地法可以有效识别和提取该地区地球化学异常信息。使用汇水盆地法提取的化探异常范围与矿床空间位置吻合度高, 可以为进一步找矿工作提供有利的信息。      

基于SWAT模型和多源DEM数据的流域水系提取精度分析

流域水系是研究水文水资源、地貌演化和生态环境及水土治理等的基础数据,高精度的水系提取对流域研究十分重要。本文以空间分辨率均为30 m的 AW3D30 DSM、SRTM1 DEM和ASTER GDEM2数字高程模型作为基本的地形数据,基于SWAT模型提取犟河流域水系,通过河网“套合差”、水系相对误差、Google Map水文数据及蓝线河网对提取结果进行误差分析与综合评价,探讨河道剖面和地形特征对水系提取精度的影响。结果表明：① 集水面积阈值是决定河网水系提取精度的关键参数,阈值越大,提取的河网密度越小,反之提取的河网密度越大;② 基于河网密度与集水阈值二阶导数的幂函数与直线相切的数学求值方法确定流域最佳集水面积阈值,能避免最佳集水阈值取值的主观性,提取的河网水系与实际河道相符;③ AW3D30 DSM数据提取的流域河网水系与Google Map高分辨率影像的水系偏差最小,且AW3D30 DSM数据提取的水系与蓝线河网的河网“套合差”和水系相对误差值均最低,能真实反映中低山丘陵山区流域水系发育的疏密程度,吻合度最好;④ 多源DEM数据提取结果均显示为河床比降大和横剖面曲线为窄深式的“V”形河谷提取的水系精度高于河床比降小和横剖面曲线为 “碟”形河谷的提取精度;⑤ AW3D30 DSM数据的地形起伏和坡度标准差最大,有利于山区河网水系的提取。因此,基于SWAT模型和AW3D30 DSM数据提取的山区流域水系可最大限度反映流域水系的真实情况,精度最高,此方法和数据源可应用于中低山丘陵山区流域的水系提取研究。