DYNAMIC RESPONSE VARIABILITY OF STRUCTURES WITH UNCERTAIN PROPERTIES

A modal-based analysis of the dynamic response variability of multiple degree-of-freedom linear structures with uncertain parameters subjected to either deterministic or stochastic excitations is considered. A probabilistic methodology is presented in which random variables with specified probability distributions are used to quantify the parameter uncertainties. The uncertainty in the response due to uncertainties in the structural modelling and loading is quantified by various probabilistic measures such as mean, variance and coefficient of excess. The computation of these probabilistic measures is addressed. A series expansion involving orthogonal polynomials in terms of the system parameters is first used to model the response variability of each contributing mode. Linear equations for the coefficients of each series expansion are derived using the weighted residual method. Mode superposition is then used to derive analytical expressions for the variability and statistics of the uncertain response in terms of the coefficients of the series expansions for all contributing modes. A primary–secondary system and a ten-story building subjected to deterministic and stochastic loads are used to demonstrate the methodology, as well as evaluate its performance by comparing it to existing methods, including the computationally cost-efficient perturbation method.     

SEISMIC RESPONSE OF SLIDING STRUCTURES TO BIDIRECTIONAL EARTHQUAKE EXCITATION

Seismic response of a one-storey structure with sliding support to bidirectional (i.e. two horizontal components) earthquake ground motion is investigated. Frictional forces, which are mobilized at the sliding support, are assumed to have ideal Coulomb-friction characteristics. Coupling effects due to circular interaction between the frictional forces are incorporated in the governing equations of motion. Effects of bidirectional interaction of frictional forces on the response are investigated by comparing the response to two-component excitation with the corresponding response produced by the application of single-component excitations in each direction independently. It is observed that the response of the sliding structure is influenced significantly by the bidirectional interaction of frictional forces. Further, it is shown that the design sliding displacement may be underestimated if the bidirectional interaction of frictional forces is neglected and the sliding structures are designed merely on the basis of single-component excitation.     

AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE BASE SLIDING RESPONSE OF RIGID CONCRETE GRAVITY DAMS TO DYNAMIC LOADING

A series of dynamic slip tests on a concrete gravity dam model was conducted on a shaking table. The aim of the experiments was to investigate the dynamically induced sliding and overturning characteristics of a typical low height gravity dam monolith cracked at its base. Tests indicated that downstream sliding is the main instability that could be expected during an earthquake. Dynamic, finite element analyses of the experimental model, using a Lagrangian contact surface algorithm, were also performed. A comparison of the experimental and analytical responses indicated that the seismically induced slip can be predicted reasonably by such a contact surface algorithm implemented in a standard finite element package. A comparison of observed displacements with Newmark's sliding block displacements indicated that a conservative estimate of seismic induced slip of a gravity dam could be obtained by using Newmark's sliding block concept, generally adopted for earth dams and embankments.     

钢支撑性能对高层钢结构动力反应的影响

钢框架－支撑结构体系是高层钢结构常用的结构体系。支撑的性能对高导钢框架－支撑体系的动力性能影响较大，其中支撑的工细比是关键的影响因素。文中通过大量的计算分析研究支撑长细比对高层钢框架－支撑体系弹塑性地震反应的影响，所得结论可供工程设计时参考。     

SLIDING MODE CONTROL OF BUILDINGS WITH ATMD

In the present paper, the application of the sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is discussed in a systematic manner for controlling the vibration of tall buildings with an Active Tuned Mass Damper (ATMD) installed at the top floor. It is shown that the application of the SMC theory for buildings with ATMD may lead to large responses in the building due to the interaction effect from the ATMD caused by the comparatively large response of the ATMD. Based on the theory of compensators, a method is proposed which eliminates the interaction effect from the ATMD to the building and thus prevents large response in the building. The results are demonstrated through simple numerical examples of building–ATMD system subjected to initial condition loading as well as two different types of external excitations. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

加卸载响应比理论研究进展综述

近年来，加卸载响应比理论的研究与应用取得了明显的进展。本文较全面地介绍了加卸载响应比理论的基本概念、震例检验及预报实践，并展望了该方法的应用前景。     

表层构造横向不均匀性在电磁测深响应中的影响

大地电磁测深结果受表层构造横向不均匀性的影响,其视电阻率曲线会发生畸变。为了分析表层构造横向不均匀性对测深曲线的影响,本文采用有限单元方法对几种野外常见的表层横向不均匀构造进行了模拟计算。研究结果表明,表层构造的横向不均匀性对于测深曲线的影响是严重的     

杆系结构的动力几何非线性分析

本文详细分析了杆系结构由于轴力作用而产生的梁柱效应。从理论上证明了对杆系结构进行动力分析时,只要单元划分得足够小,就完全可以不计梁柱效应,且由此而产生的误差与有限元法本身的误差同是量级的。本文并给出了轴力作用下的一致质量阵。     

底层带支撑异型柱框架非线性地震反应分析

本文利用ＤＲＡＩＮ－２Ｄ程序对底层带支撑异型柱框架进行了时程分析，并且与无支撑异型柱框架及通高设支撑异型柱框架进行了比较分析，结果表明，笔者提出的底层带支撑异型柱框架是一种良好的结构形式。     

高层建筑电梯平衡重体系的动力特性与地震反应分析

本文在文献[2,1]所建立的平衡重体系运动方程的基础上,对高层建筑电梯系统中平衡重体系的动力特性进行了探讨,给出了求解该体系自振频率的近似方法,通过对一幢14层建筑内的平衡重体系进行的大量地震反应分析,研究了其动力反应沿建筑物高度变化的一般规律,给出了最大反应所处的位置。本文的工作为实施和推广文献[1]所提出的平衡重体系的抗震控制措施奠定了理论基础。     

岩石摩擦-滑动中的声发射b值动态特征及其地震学意义

双剪试验的结果表明,岩石摩擦滑动过程中的AE b 值动态曲线可归纳为锯齿状和台柱状两类,分别对应于不规则粘滑和规则粘滑.滑动瞬间滑面上摩擦系数变化△μ的分布决定岩石的滑动方式,不均匀分布易发生不规则粘滑.均匀分布易引起规则粘滑;破裂和滑动是摩擦滑动过程中的两类AE 机制,两类AE 的能量分别与破裂面面积及△μ成正比.研究结果提示,平直光滑的地震断层可能显示出特征地震的发震特点.     

浪作用下海洋底床动态响应的研究

有关波浪作用下的底床动态响应越来越引起人们的重视。本文从海洋土的特点出发，针对各向同性底床和各向异性底床，详细论述了在线性波加载下，波浪衰减和底床动态响应这两方面的研究现状，在分析和比较已有研究成果的基础上，对今后的研究方向提出了自己的看法。     

一种推荐讨论的保护体系——柔性地下层和滑动摩擦的综合体系(英文)

本文提出一种柔性地下层和一个滑动摩擦表面相结合的新隔震体系供大家讨论。从分析上看,它比单纯的基础滑动和柔性首层的体系有明显优越性。对这种体系,我们推导了相应的数值计数方法并给出了初步计算实例。其结果表明,这种体系对减轻结构在地震中的反应是十分有效的。进一步的分析、试验和试建看来定有益的。     

地震动频谱非平稳性对结构非线性反应的影响

应用均匀调制随机过程模型和演变的随机过程模型合成了人工地震加速度过程。以此为输入，计算了一个三跨十层呆结构的地震反应，比较结果表明，考虑地震动的频谱非平稳稳征后，所计算结构的层位移，梁端塑性转角，柱的弯矩和剪力显著增大，结构在相对较小的地震动峰值下发生倒塌。     

用EDAS-3型数据采集器对倾斜仪进行数字化改造

用EDAS-3型16位地震数据采集器和MDS-2710数传电台对克拉玛依地震台井下摆倾斜仪进行数字化遥测改造.结合改造实例,详细介绍了新观测系统的实现方法和应用效果,提出一套完整的解决方案.改造后的新观测系统的工作范围、采样率和测量精度均高于国家行业标准,工作稳定可靠.     

STUDY ON DYNAMIC RESPONSE AND INSTABILITY OF SOIL-ROCK MIXTURE DEPOSIT WITH DIFFERENT STONE CONTENTS AND SLOPE GRADIENTS

Soil-rock mixture deposit is an extremely heterogeneous loose rock-soil deposit formed since Quaternary, which is composed of blocks, fine-grained soil and pore with a certain engineering scale and high strength and has a certain stone content. These soil-rock mixtures accumulated on slopes have been completely destroyed and their mechanical strength is very low. They are widely distributed in the mountainous areas of Southwest China, which poses a great threat to the engineering. Earthquakes occur frequently in Southwest China, and the instability of soil-rock mixture deposit under seismic load is one of the important factors causing the damage to this type of deposit. The dynamic response of soil-rock mixture deposit under seismic load is an important index to study its instability mechanism under seismic load. Based on indoor shaking table model test, the influence of rock content and slope gradient on dynamic response characteristics of soil-rock mixture deposit was studied. In model tests, rock content is 30%, 40% and 50%respectively, and slope gradient varies from 20°, 30° and 40°. Two different seismic loading frequencies and three different excitation strengths were given. The peak acceleration(PGA)amplification coefficients in horizontal and vertical directions of soil-rock mixture deposit were analyzed under the change of rock content and slope gradient. The permanent displacement and deformation law of the top and foot of the slope of soil-rock mixture deposit were analyzed by model test. The experimental results show that the dynamic acceleration response characteristics of the soil-rock mixture deposits at the top and foot of the slope are different under different slope gradients and rock content conditions, and the horizontal PGA amplification coefficients of the soil-rock mixture deposits are also different. With the same seismic frequency and excitation intensity, the horizontal PGA amplification coefficient increases with increased slope gradient, and the rate gets faster. With the increase of stone content, the magnification coefficient of horizontal PGA decreases, and the higher the stone content, the slower the decrease rate of horizontal PGA magnification coefficient. When the slope gradient of soil-rock mixture deposit increases, the corresponding horizontal and vertical PGA amplification coefficients increase with the same seismic frequency and excitation intensity. The amplification coefficients of PGA in the vertical direction are different, but the overall magnification is weaker than that in the horizontal direction. The vertical PGA amplification coefficients of the foot, middle and lower parts of the slope are larger, while the vertical PGA amplification coefficients of the upper and middle parts of the slope tend to decrease. The higher the frequency of seismic wave is, the smaller the vertical PGA amplification coefficient corresponding to the same elevation will be, which indicates that the vertical PGA amplification coefficient is negatively correlated with the elevation. The variation trend of PGA magnification coefficient of soil-rock mixed deposit in vertical direction is different with the change of stone content. Under the same excitation intensity, the larger the slope gradient is, the larger the permanent displacement at the top of the slope will be, and the larger the rock content, the smaller the corresponding displacement at the top of the slope. The permanent displacement of the top of the slope is obviously larger than that of the foot of the slope, which indicates that the magnification effect of the top of the slope is obvious. After the vibration process and sliding of the landslide, the large-sized particles in the soil-rock mixture deposit move downward faster and slip on the surface of the deposit body. There was a very obvious phenomenon of particle sorting in the pile-up at the foot of the landslide body. The results of this study are of practical significance for the analysis of the dynamic response law of soil-rock mixture deposit under seismic load due to the change of rock content and slope gradient.     

RESPONSE SPECTRA FOR DIFFERENTIAL MOTION OF COLUMNS

The validity of the response spectrum concept for determining loads in structures excited by differential earthquake ground motion is examined. It is shown that the common definition of response spectrum for synchronous ground motion can be reconciled to remain valid in cases when the columns of extended structures experience different motions. Then, a relative displacement response spectrum for design of first-storey columns, SDC(T, δ, ζ, τ), is defined. In addition to natural period, T, and fraction of critical damping, ζ, this spectrum depends also on the ‘travel time’, τ (of the waves in the soil over distances about one half width, or length of the structure), and on a factor, δ, specifying the relative displacement of the first floor. It is shown how this spectrum can be determined using existing empirical scaling equations for relative displacement spectra SD(T, ζ) and for peak velocity and peak acceleration of strong ground motion. These new spectra are illustrated for a horizontal component of a record in the near field of the 1994 Northridge earthquake. The results show that differential motions are more important for short period (stiff) than for longer period (flexible) structures, and for structures founded on softer ground (small shear wave velocity). © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

线性结构的滑动模态半主动控制

本文研究应用可变阻尼器对线性结构进行半主动控制的算法和原理。采用滑动模态控制算法,并基于Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ直接法提出了半主动控制器设计。利用滑动模态控制方法和所建立的控制器,我们给出了一个风荷载激励下的线性结构的半主动控制算例。计算机模拟分析表明,半主动控制具有效果明显,鲁棒性好等优点,是一种非常有发展前途的控制方法。     

RESPONSE ANALYSIS FOR FUZZY STOCHASTIC DYNAMICAL SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE DEGREES OF FREEDOM

Most real-life structural/mechanical systems have complex geometrical and material properties and operate under complex fuzzy environmental conditions. These systems are certainly subjected to fuzzy random excitations induced by the environment. For an analytical treatment of such a system subjected to fuzzy random excitations, it becomes necessary to establish the general theory of dynamic response of a system to fuzzy random excitations. In this paper, we extend the work published in Reference [1], and discuss the case of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom (MDF) fuzzy stochastic dynamical systems. The theory of the response, fuzzy mean response and fuzzy covariance response of multi-degree-of-freedom system to fuzzy random excitations in the time domain and frequency domain is put forward. Two cases to determine the fuzzy response statistics of the fuzzy stochastic dynamical system with multiple degrees of freedom are discussed. Two examples are considered in order to demonstrate the rationality and validity of the theory. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

随机结构分析的扩阶系统方法(Ⅱ)——结构动力分析

本文论述随机结构系统在确定性时程激励下的分析方法。文中提供的扩阶系统动力方程的一般公式,适用于同时具有随机质量、随机阻尼、随机刚度参数的多自由度动力系统。文中并对此扩阶动力方程建议了基于线性加速度假定的递归聚缩算法。