渗流作用对基坑坑底回弹变形的影响

在地下水位较高的地区开挖基坑时渗流作用是普遍存在的。假定坑内外地下水渗流为一维稳定的条件,推导了坑内外被动区和主动区的水头计算公式,并结合算例分析了渗流对坑底被动区的有效应力和坑底回弹变形的影响。研究表明,渗流作用使得坑底的有效应力减小,进而引起坑底土层回弹量增大。     

岩体裂隙网络非线性非立方渗流研究与应用

裂隙岩体渗流与岩体其他分析密切相关。岩体裂隙网络渗流理论最初主要是建立在线性立方定律的基础基上的,当裂隙水头较大或者流速较大时,裂隙水流不再满足线性立方定律,此时如仍用线性立方水流分析,无疑将会给渗流分析带来较大的误差,甚至引起工程事故。当裂隙水流不满足线性立方定律时,研究这种渗流自身的规律则是非常重要的,也是必要的。通过研究裂隙网络稳定和非稳定情况下的非线性渗流、非立方渗流规律,得出以下结论：①当渗流规律偏离线性渗流较远时,按非线性渗流计算出的水头分布和流量与线性渗流相差较大;当偏离不远时,计算出的水头分布和流量与线性渗流相差较小,可近似简化为线性渗流分析;②当渗流偏离立方渗流较远时,按非立方渗流计算出的水头分布和流量与立方渗流相差较大;当偏离不远时,计算出的水头分布和流量与立方渗流相差较小,可近似简化为立方渗流分析;③对于非线性非立方渗流,应综合考虑非线性与非立方两种因素对渗流的影响。     

土石坝边坡稳定性分析的温控参数折减有限元法

将土石坝渗流的有限元计算和坝坡稳定分析的强度折减有限元法相结合,对土石坝坝坡的稳定性进行分析。考虑渗流作用时,首先采用有限元法计算坝体渗流场,通过迭代计算出稳定渗流的逸出点和浸润线位置,并根据水力梯度计算坝体所受的渗透力;然后将渗流分析所确定的渗流力与土体自重、浮力、地震力等荷载共同施加在坝体上,采用温控参数折减有限元法计算土石坝坝坡的临界失稳状态及其所对应的安全系数。分析结果表明,采用此方法进行土石坝坝坡稳定分析是合理的,且大大提高了计算效率     

渗流自由面的数值分析

在岩土边坡、土坝、地下洞室及地下水运动等渗流分析中,均存在有渗流自由面问题。渗流自由面的确定,对于正确认识地下水在边坡稳定以及变形中地应用,了解地下水在边坡中的赋存特性及其运动过程等具有重大意义。本文用FLAC数值软件对影响渗流自由面的形态的相关参数,包括渗透系数、孔隙率、水头压力的大小、渗流路径长短、岩土体的各向异性程度等分别建模进行计算分析,得到相关结论。     

基于参数反演的边坡地下水渗流数值模拟

渗流是影响岩土工程边坡稳定性的重要因素,对不同工况下岩土体边坡地下水渗流规律进行数值模拟,弄清其动态变化规律,对于边坡稳定性分析、支护设计、工程防排水措施的制定等都有重要的意义。以龙滩水电站左岸进水口边坡为研究对象,通过免疫进化规划算法,得到了边坡岩体渗流场参数。在此基础上,对洪水期、枯水期情况下地下水渗流状态进行了数值模拟,通过对比分析,研究了不同河床水位情况下地下水渗流变化规律,从而为边坡稳定性预测奠定了理论基础。     

某水利枢纽厂房大型基坑开挖渗流研究

渗流,特别涉及到自由面或浸润线的确定是岩土工程的重点和难点问题。借鉴砂土坝的渗流分析方法,采用经典分段组合法理论得到基坑开挖边坡渗流简化模型Ⅰ。在此基础上将土层分层,应用土层分界面上的渗流折射定律,得到简化模型Ⅱ。分别求解两种模型得到正常水位和最大水位条件下的渗水量,与工程实际的渗水量进行对比发现,计算渗水量大于实际渗水量,这是由于忽略了围堰对渗水的阻隔作用。在正常水位条件下,模型Ⅱ的结果优于模型Ⅰ。     

Seepage problems in the karstic limestone foundation of the Kalecik Dam (south Turkey)

Seepage phenomena through the karstic limestone foundation of Kalecik Dam are investigated. The dam, designed as a rock-fill dam with a height of 77 m, is already used for irrigation. The foundation consists of Mesozoic ophiolite, Paleocene allochthonous units composed of different lithologies, and Miocene conglomerate. The conglomerate lies unconformably on the other units. Quaternary basaltic lava patchily covers the others. Seepage from upstream to downstream occurs through the allochthonous karstic limestone. This limestone, which is overlain by conglomerates, has a thickness increasing towards the right abutment.

To prevent seepage at the right abutment, a 200-m long and 60-m deep grout curtain along the dam axis was constructed. After the impoundment, some springs occurred downstream, and for this reason, extra grouting was performed. However, the seepage problem could not be solved. In order to determine the seepage direction and karstification pattern, hydrological studies have been done. Additional investigation boreholes have been drilled to observe fluctuations of the groundwater level and to analyze hydrochemistry. Also, dye tracer tests have been carried out.

As a result of these hydrogeological studies, seepage paths were observed in the karstic limestone located between the dam and the spillway. As those carbonate rocks continue beneath the spillway, the seepage problems are enjected to continue.     

岩体裂隙网络渗流变水温影响分析

考虑岩体裂隙渗流变水温影响,推导单裂隙变水温水流近似解析解和有限元解,在此基础上分别建立裂隙二维网络变水温渗流数值求解方程,分别对应裂隙网络变水温渗流分析的近似解析法和子结构法。分析变温水流运动规律发现：（1）单裂隙内水流水头与水力坡降成非线性关系,当水流由高温区向低温区流动时,水头分布曲线为凸曲线,此时按线性渗流简化水头整体偏小;当由低温区向高温区流动时,水头分布曲线为凹曲线,此时按线性渗流简化水头整体偏大。（2）单裂隙内,高水温处水力坡降小,低水温处水力坡降大;裂隙平均水温越高,流速越快;裂隙网络内存在与裂隙宽度相似的温度偏流效应,即交叉节点水流有偏向水流温度高的裂隙流动的趋势。在温度较高和温度梯度较大的区域,应该考虑水流温度变化对渗流场的影响。     

岩体软弱夹层渗透变形试验及三维有限元数值模拟

渗透变形或渗透破坏是由潜蚀强烈发展而出现的一种特有的不良地质作用,本文结合某大型水电工程坝基存在的软弱夹层,在现场取样试验,研究了这些软弱夹层在渗透水流作用下发生渗透变形的方式和程度,并以试验成果为基础,根据水工建筑物的布置以及上下游水头差等条件,采用数值模拟的方法模拟软弱夹层的水力梯度分布情况以及软弱夹层与上下两盘基岩中的水力梯度分布,为坝基防渗设计提供依据。     

间断级配砂砾石土的渗透变形试验研究

渗透变形是颗粒材料中细颗粒在渗流作用下发生重分布且导致土体的内部结构、水力及力学特性发生变化的现象,是导致砂砾石土地基及堤防结构破坏的主要原因之一。利用自主研发的刚性壁渗透仪对不同级配及细颗粒含量的间断级配砂砾石土在恒定水头渗流作用下进行渗透变形全过程试验,监测了渗流过程中的局部水力梯度空间分布以及竖向位移变化,分析了渗透试验结束后土体的颗粒级配空间分布变化。研究结果表明：土粒中细颗粒所处的欠填、满填及过填3种堆积状态决定了粗、细颗粒间不同的接触方式,影响其渗透性。渗透试验结束后细颗粒流失量沿试样高度的空间分布可以划分为3个区域,即顶部流失区、中部均匀区及底部流失区。局部水力梯度的快速下降伴随着竖向位移的突变,意味着渗透变形的开始;渗透变形启动时的局部水力梯度大于全局水力梯度,证实了采用大尺寸试验执行渗透试验的必要性。细颗粒处于过填状态的试样依然会发生渗透变形且导致强烈的沉降变形,值得进一步的研究。     

An effect of pier pilings on nearshore submarine groundwater discharge from a (partially) confined aquifer

Concurrent bulk ground conductivity mapping and direct measurements of seepage rates were carried out near a pier at Shelter Island, New York, U.S.A. A shallow sediment layer was identified to provide confinement for lower aquifer units. The conductivity and seepage rate data indicate that pilings of the pier apparently pierce this shallow sediment layer, producing a comparatively high seepage rate driven by the hydraulic head of the (partially) confined aquifer, resulting in a substantial increase in submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) near the pier. Seepage rate measurements made close to the pier, which runs perpendicular to the shoreline, cannot be considered representative for the area. At the study site, the magnitude of SGD depends both on the distance from shore and on the distance from the pier, a rmding that confounds the commonly observed patterns of decreasing SGD with increasing distance from shore. This alteration of a groundwater flow pattern is a previously undescribed effect of anthropogenic perturbation in a coastal system.     

白鹤滩水电工程左岸玄武岩层间错动带渗透破坏预测与防治模拟

金沙江白鹤滩水电工程坝区发育有数条规模较大的、对工程有直接影响的玄武岩层间错动带。错动带内充填碎屑夹泥,当大坝建成蓄水之后,在高水头差下容易发生渗透破坏,可能影响坝区水工建筑物运行的安全和稳定。针对厂坝区的地形地貌、地质结构、大坝水工建筑物和防渗排水系统的设计布置特点,建立了坝区左岸三维有限元精细模型。并采用插值拟合的方法确定特定断面边界的地下水位,计算模拟了运行期白鹤滩电站左岸坝区渗流场的变化规律和水力梯度场的分布,并结合在现场开展的错动带的渗透破坏试验数据,确定了错动带的允许水力梯度,评价错动带内渗透破坏的可能性。研究结果表明:现有的渗控措施在坝区形成了明显的降落漏斗,地下厂区防渗排水系统效果良好,渗压得到了有效控制。然而C2错动带内部分区域的水力梯度超过允许水力梯度,可能会发生渗透破坏。提出设置截渗洞和加强帷幕的防治措施,并模拟验证了这一措施可以较好地截断渗漏通道,保障厂房安全稳定运行。     

Heterogeneous seepage at the Nopal I natural analogue site, Chihuahua, Mexico

A study of seepage occurring in an adit at the Nopal I uranium mine in Chihuahua, Mexico, was conducted as part of an integrated natural analogue study to evaluate the effects of infiltration and seepage on the mobilization and transport of radionuclides. An instrumented seepage collection system and local automated weather station permit direct correlation between local precipitation events and seepage. Field observations recorded between April 2005 and December 2006 indicate that seepage is highly heterogeneous with respect to time, location, and quantity. Seepage, precipitation, and fracture data were used to test two hypotheses: (1) that fast flow seepage is triggered by large precipitation events, and (2) that an increased abundance of fractures and/or fracture intersections leads to higher seepage volumes. A few zones in the back adit recorded elevated seepage volumes immediately following large (>20 mm/day) precipitation events, with transit times of less than 4 h through the 8-m thick rock mass. In most locations, there is a 1?C6 month time lag between the onset of the rainy season and seepage, with longer times observed for the front adit. There is a less clear-cut relation between fracture abundance and seepage volume; processes such as evaporation and surface flow along the ceiling may also influence seepage.     

Analysis of leaky sheetpile by Summary Representation

A numerical technique called Summary Representation was used to solve the problem of seepage through a leaky sheetpile; this particular method was selected owing to its accuracy and computational speed. Seepage parameters were evaluated quantitatively and the influence of the leakiness of sheetpiles in a porous medium underlain by an impervious horizontal stratum was determined. The case of a single sheetpile was first considered, and the effect of the depth of penetration and coefficient of leakiness on the total rate of flow and on the values of the exit gradient was analysed. Next, the flow under an impervious dam was considered to assess the accuracy of the method. Finally, the case of seepage under a dam with leaky sheetpiles at both ends was studied, including the effect of the leaky sheetpiles on the uplift pressure acting along the foundation of the dam. Patterns of seepage through the flow line deformation that is caused by the leakiness of the sheetpiles.     

干旱区花岗岩体中地下坑道渗水的逻辑信息法评价

本文采用逻辑信息法对某干旱区花岗岩体中的地下坑道渗水进行了研究.对影响地下坑道渗水的因素进行了分析,确定了可能与地下坑道渗水相关的11个影响因子,并根据场地地下坑道渗水特征,将渗水严重程度分成4个级别,建立了所研究场地地下坑道渗水预测评价的逻辑信息法模型,得到了不同影响因子的权重.从计算得到的影响因子的权重可以看出,围...     

降雨条件下岩土饱和-非饱和渗流分析

基于Buckley-Leverett两相渗流方程,提出了新的岩土饱和-非饱和渗流数学模型,利用有限差分方法给出了隐式压力显示饱和度数值求解方法,编制了饱和-非饱和渗流计算程序.结合工程实例,模拟了降雨入渗条件下边坡岩体渗流场孔隙压力变化和含水饱和度变化,模拟结果验证了所提出的模型对饱和-非饱和渗流的有效性.     

裂隙岩体中的渗流与岩体变形

本文介绍裂隙岩体的渗流规律。我们通过试验认为应用纳维-斯托克斯(Narier-Stokes)方程描述岩体的渗流规律是可行的。岩体中的渗透动水压力对岩体的变形有重要的影响,渗透动水压力导至裂隙的张开、岩体变形,并影响岩体的稳定性。裂隙的张开引起渗流量的增加。我们应用原位(现场)试验的方法测量岩体的变形和渗流量,并研究渗透水压力与岩体变形的关系。试验成果用布希内斯克(Boussinesq)公式检查,表明其与计算结果比较接近。     

渗流场中岩石流变特性的数值模拟

渗流对岩石的流变特性有显著的影响,但限于试验条件,相关的试验成果较少。而数值计算技术已成为进行岩石力学研究的重要方法,因此,采用数值模拟方法对渗流场中岩石的流变特性进行了研究。对已有的岩石室内流变试验进行模拟来验证数值方法的有效性,在压缩流变试验的数值模拟中对试件分别施加单向、三向渗流场来模拟不同渗流条件对岩石流变特性的影响。模拟结果表明,在渗流方向上渗流产生的动水压力会导致试件的流变变形增大。此外,不同渗流场对流变的影响也有所差异,三向渗流场中试件受到的轴向渗透力小于单向渗流场,而侧向渗透力则大于单向渗流情况,这也导致三向渗流场中试件的轴向应变小于单向渗流场,而侧向应变大于单向渗流场。     

基于Ansys的渗流自由面计算方法

对渗流自由面计算的单元传导矩阵调整法进行了改进。在局部坐标系下,将单元离散为一系列面元（三维为体元）,根据面元或体元形心处的压力水头值来确定面元或体元的权系数,然后按加权平均确定单元的等效渗透系数,该方法既可以避免复合单元中自由面上下面积或体积的计算,面元或体元的离散密度也可以任意选择,简化了计算程序。通过预设的收敛参数来控制迭代过程,可避免相邻两次计算的渗透系数变化太大而难于收敛。以Ansys为开发平台,用APDL语言编写了相应的计算程序,扩展了Ansys的计算功能,为渗流自由面计算提供了新途径。算例表明：该方法的收敛性较好、计算精度较高,能满足工程需要。     

Seepage and Deformation of Fissured Rock Mass

Seepage law of fissured rock masses is presented in this paper. The Navier-stokes equation is demonstrated available to describe seepage law of rock masses by testing study. The dynamical seepage pressure in rock masses makes great effect on deformation of rock masses, results in opining of fissure and deformation of rock masses. The seepage and deformation of rock mass and dynamical seepage pressure is studied. The experimental results are checked with Bossiness formula, and are closed to the computing data.