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A discrete wave number approach in conjunction with a propagator-based formalism is used to synthesize the Loma Prieta earthquake ground motion at both the near and the far field, taking into account all kinds of seismic waves (body and surface). A bilaterally propagating shear slip over a rectangular fault is used to describe the seismic source mechanism, while the earth model is based on geological profiles of the Santa Cruz mountain area and consists of three layers overlaying a half-space. The synthesized ground motion is first compared with actual records from the Loma Prieta earthquake and the agreement between the two is found to be satisfactory, as far as magnitude, duration and essential wave form characteristics are concerned. Then, ground motions are synthesized and plotted at a dense grid of observer locations over a large area around the epicenter, at different time instants. Using such plots, it is possible to study the generation ana propagation of different kinds of seismic waves, the spatial variability of ground motion, as well as the development of the permanent gound deformation. 相似文献
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The performance‐based design of lifeline systems requires spatially variable seismic excitations at the structures' supports that are consistent with prescribed seismic ground motion characteristics and an appropriate spatial variability model—such motions can be obtained through conditional simulation. This work revisits the concept of conditional simulation and critically examines the conformity of the generated motions with the characteristics of the target random field and observations from data recorded at dense instrument arrays. Baseline adjustment processing techniques for recorded earthquake accelerograms are extended to fit the requirements of simulated and conditionally simulated spatially variable ground motions. Emphasis is placed on the use of causal vs acausal filtering in the data processing. Acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories are evaluated in two example applications of the approach. The first application deals with a prescribed synthetic time history that incorporates nonstationarity in the amplitude and frequency content of the motions and depends on earthquake magnitude, source–site distance and local soil conditions; this example results in zero residual displacements. The second application considers as prescribed time history a recording in the vicinity of a fault and yields nonzero residual displacements. It is shown that the conditionally simulated time histories preserve the characteristics of the prescribed ones and are consistent with the target random field. The results of this analysis suggest that the presented methodology provides a useful tool for the generation of spatially variable ground motions to be used in the performance‐based design of lifeline systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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绥化台地电阻率异常与震兆特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以绥化地震台地电阻率8年的地震观测资料为参考依据,研究了台站周边300km范围内的5级以上地震和200km的4级以上地震,对地电阻率资料异常形态与地震关系进行了探讨。结果显示,其异常形态表现为多年趋势下降变化异常、年变的消失、震荡异常、台阶等,其正常年变形态为正弦波形的变化,异常与地震对应关系良好。 相似文献
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Soil hydraulic functions for runoff simulation were collected in three catchments in a loess region of The Netherlands. To obtain these functions each soil horizon was sampled and water retention and hydraulic conductivity characteristics were determined. A simulation with the computer program SWMS_2D was used to quantify runoff generation during standard rain events. Based on the simulation outcome, soil horizons were merged. This resulted in a database of 25 soil hydraulic functions, each representing a soil horizon or a specific condition of the top layer. Maps showing the soil physical composition of the area were constructed using these soil physical building blocks. The maps can be used as input for soil and water erosion models to be applied on the catchment scale. Comparison of potential runoff figures with measured data showed that the soil physical schematization appeared to be appropriate. The soil physical schem-atization in the areas studied was based on structural rather than on textural differences of the top soil. 相似文献
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震后地表实际破裂带的分布及其近场的形变特征,是理解块体运动学特性、断层破裂特征、地震发生机制等科学问题的十分重要的约束条件。基于InSAR获取的汶川地震同震形变场,由于发震断层附近同震形变梯度巨大,沿断层带出现了非相干条带,以致于无法获得断层附近的形变量。而基于亚像素级的光学影像偏移量法为获取断层附近大形变分布提供了可能。文中以SPOT卫星影像为数据源,采用光学影像偏移量法获得了什邡及茂县地区的水平位移形变场。结果显示龙门山断裂带上至少2条断裂同时发生破裂,形成了主要地表破裂带(龙门山镇-高川破裂带)和次级地表破裂带(汉旺破裂带),沿龙门山镇-高川破裂带平均位移量为4~6m,在高川附近伴随的平均右旋水平位移为1~3m; 汉旺破裂带因逆冲导致水平缩短,平均位移量一般为1~2m。汶川-茂县断裂带没有明显的地表破裂带。研究表明,利用光学影像相位相关法能够获得近断层位错量,可以成为InSAR手段的重要补充。 相似文献
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山东地区地震动峰值加速度场地效应的定量分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
地震动峰值加速度场地效应研究在地震区划、地震预警及震害快速评估等方面有着广泛的应用前景。收集整理了2004—2012年山东地区2630个地震安全性评价工程的相关资料,包括场地类型、覆盖层厚度、钻孔剪切波速、自由基岩和土层表面地震动峰值加速度计算结果。利用上述资料计算得到了每个工程场地的场地效应放大因子和场地指数;采用回归分析方法,对场地效应放大因子与基岩峰值加速度、场地指数之间的关系进行了研究并得出了三者之间的定量统计表达式,实现了场地效应放大因子的连续取值。结果表明,场地效应放大因子与基岩峰值加速度之间为线性负相关,与场地指数之间为非线性相关。 相似文献
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根据浙闽台站记录的台湾琉球近震资料,研究了该区Lg波的组成及各震相的基本特征。研究表明,该区Lg波由多个速度不同的波群组成,在Lg1和Lg2两种波中可以分出Lg′1、Lg″1;和Lg′2、Lg″2四种震相,不同震区各震相的记录特征明显不同,鲜明地反映出地壳结构由大陆型向海洋型过渡的特点。此外,还对波列中的未知震相、影响震相记录特征的其它因素,以及震相标注和Lg波走时表等问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
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震级—频度关系的非线性特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在假设地震断裂系统具有分形特征前提下,推导出非线性震级-频度关系公式:LogN=a+b△M-C/△M,作为示例,用此公式对一些实际观测资料进行了最小二乘拟合,效果明显好于线性公式。 相似文献
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简要论述了辽宁地区地震的时空分布特征,阐述了目前辽宁地震活动处在活跃期的活跃时段,未来17年发生中强地震的可能性较大,应加强防范。 相似文献
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地震波动力学特征变化指标在短期地震预报中的应用 总被引:13,自引:2,他引:13
本文研究了地震前地震波动力学特征的变化,主要是波形和频谱的变化,并从中提取出可望在短期(半年以内)地震预报中应用的一些预报指标。这些指标包括:P波初始部分波形的时间线性度和空间线性度,初始段平均半周期,S,P波频谱的峰值频率,拐角频率,相对带宽度,相对频谱峰值,高频段的谱线斜率绝对值等。同时还研究了短周期地脉动的波形线性度及频谱特征量(峰值频率等)在大震前出现的短期(半年以内)和临震(9天以内)的 相似文献
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场地的区域工程地质条件决定了场地土结构及土动力学参数的区域性差异,对强震地面运动起着重要的控制作用。为了考虑这种控制作用,以便合理地进行成都平原地震动小区划,本文根据一定数量的地震反应分析结果和所处的区域工程地质条件,建立了地貌单元、土层厚度和土层结构等因素与各类地震反应谱和各档峰值加速度的统计直方图。并引入分量分析方法,对原始因素进行正交变换,用产生互不相关的新因素来代替它们。正交变换之后,根据因子得分矩阵建立模糊关系矩阵 R,根据反映新因素重要程度的因子载荷矩阵生成新因素权重矩阵 A,然后采用模糊综合评判方法,判别成都平原东部各点的地面地震动类型,并由判别结果勾划了本区地震动小区划图。 相似文献
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川滇藏邻区巴塘——丽江地震块体强震活动特征的初步探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本根据1986 ̄1996年川滇藏三省(区)邻界区巴塘-丽江-带频繁的强震活动的资料,结合活动构造带分布及历史强震记录,分析了该邻界区强震活动若干特征,提出了“存在川滇藏邻界区巴塘-丽江地震块体”的认识,并就其与相邻地区强震活动关系及未来强震趋势作了讨论。 相似文献
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云南地区地震视应力的时间和空间分布研究 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:9
利用地面运动峰值速度(rmiddot;v)测定地震波辐射能ER的方法,详细研究了云南地区中小地震和两次余震序列的地震视应力sigma;a的时空分布. 结果表明,视应力在空间分布上存在明显的非均匀性,高视应力集中区与中小地震活动频繁地区相关. 在大姚6.2级主震前,视应力出现了高值变化时段,是平均值0.25 MPa的5倍,且主震及周围地区具有相对较高的视应力值. 因此,视应力的时空变化特征可作为地震危险性预测的一种新的判据,余震序列视应力sigma;aA与主震视应力sigma;aM之比一般小于1.0. 相似文献