SEMI-ACTIVE TUNED MASS DAMPERS FOR SEISMIC PROTECTION OF CIVIL STRUCTURES

A semi-active tuned mass damper (TMD) which is capable of adjusting initial displacement and damping is applied to seismic protection of structures. Control algorithms are derived in closed forms using perturbation analysis on modal properties of the single degree of freedom (SDOF) structure/TMD system. Because perturbation solutions are given in a relatively simple form, the control algorithms are developed in a physically intuitive manner. In the first half of the paper, the control algorithms are introduced using numerical simulations of the impulse response. Then the algorithms are applied to seismic protection of civil structures using the strategy of multiple releasing and capturing of TMDs. The control strategy for seismic control is summarized in a flow chart. Numerical studies with the El Centro earthquake record show that the proposed semi-active method has higher performance than conventional passive TMDs.     

调谐质量阻尼器的优化分析

本文根据双自由度系统的随机反应，推导了设置调谐质量阻尼器的单自由度系统的运动方程，求出了白噪声基底输入时，设置ＴＭＤ的单自由度系统的反应方差与未设置ＴＭＤ的单自由度系统的反应方差之比，并采用模式搜索法对其进行优化方法，得到了ＴＭＤ系统的最佳减振效果以及相应的ＴＭＤ的参数取值，本文的分析表明，ＴＭＤ系统对减小白噪声基底输入的单自由度系统的随机反应是十分有效的。     

A METHOD OF ESTIMATING THE PARAMETERS OF TUNED MASS DAMPERS FOR SEISMIC APPLICATIONS

The optimum parameters of tuned mass dampers (TMD) that result in considerable reduction in the response of structures to seismic loading are presented. The criterion used to obtain the optimum parameters is to select, for a given mass ratio, the frequency (tuning) and damping ratios that would result in equal and large modal damping in the first two modes of vibration. The parameters are used to compute the response of several single and multi-degree-of-freedom structures with TMDs to different earthquake excitations. The results indicate that the use of the proposed parameters reduces the displacement and acceleration responses significantly. The method can also be used in vibration control of tall buildings using the so-called ‘mega-substructure configuration’, where substructures serve as vibration absorbers for the main structure. It is shown that by selecting the optimum TMD parameters as proposed in this paper, significant reduction in the response of tall buildings can be achieved. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

STOCHASTIC SEISMIC PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF TUNED LIQUID COLUMN DAMPERS

The seismic performance of Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCDs) for the passive control of flexible structures is investigated using random vibration analysis. A non-stationary stochastic process with frequency and amplitude modulation is used to represent the earthquake strong motion, and a simple equivalent linearization technique is used to account for the non-linear damping force in the TLCD. The governing equations of motion for the structure TLCD system are formulated and reduced to a first-order state vector equation, from which the differential equation for the system response covariance matrix is obtained. The TLCD performance is evaluated on the basis of selected structural response statistics, namely, the expected maximum and root-mean-square displacements, and root-mean-square absolute accelerations and interstorey shears. A parametric study and sensitivity analysis are conducted to assess the TLCD performance and identify critical design parameters. Illustrative examples are presented using SDOF and MDOF shear-beam structural models, a wide-banded stationary random base acceleration and two non-stationary random input ground motions representative of long- and short-duration ground accelerations with significant low-frequency content.     

调谐质量阻尼器系统控制结构地震反应的若干问题

本文研究调谐质量阻尼器（ＴｕｎｅｄＭａｓｓＤａｍｐｅｒ，以下简称ＴＭＤ）用作抗震结构的防御体系时的一些问题，包括ＴＭＤ在结构上的最佳位置，ＴＭＤ频率的最佳值，ＴＭＤ对非调谐结构振型的影响和ＴＭＤ参数的灵敏度分析，这些问题的解决将为研究设置ＴＭＤ的结构的抗震设计方法提供理论依据。     

分层弹性地基场地土扭转地震反应分析

本文对场地土按分层弹性地基土建立了合理的力学模型，通过动力分析，给出了分层弹性地基场地土扭转自振特性及在扭转地震载荷作用下强迫反应的解析解，文中的解析公式为分层弹性的基场地土扭转地震反应分析提供了一种新的解析方法．     

高层建筑地震反应最优多重TLD控制

本文以坑层建筑地震反应进行了最优多重ＴＬＤ（ＭＴＬＤ）ｓ控制研究。文中阐述了ＴＬＤ系统的工作原理笔ＭＴＬＤｓ系统的参数；建立了多层结构－ＴＭＬＤｓ系统耦联体系的运动方程；分析了ＭＴＬＤｓ系统的参数对在谐波作用下多层结构动力反应的影响以及各参数之间的关系。     

辽宁数字地震观测系统幅频特性测定与计算

数字地震观测系统与模拟地震观测系统的标定原理基本是一致的，只是具体做法有所不同。辽宁数字遥测地震台网建成以来，每年都要对系统进行幅频特性测定，通过这项工作积累了一定的经验，该文章分三部分谈谈系统标定的理论公式、操作步骤及计算方法。     

结构主动控制AMD系统分析及其优化设计

本文分析屯ＡＭＤ系统工作机理，提出ＡＭＤ系统对结构的作用力Ｕ与作动器输出力Ｐ加以区别的概念，根据Ｐ与Ｕ的关系，并以作动力Ｐ所作功，即外部输入能量最小，建立了ＡＭＤ系统的优化设计方法。     

地震计零位自动监控设备研制

对新疆测震台站地震计频发的零位漂移情况进行分析总结,阐述了针对该地震计故障而研制的地震计自动监控设备的研究思路,对该地震计自动监控设备的工作方式与原理进行说明,提交测试结果。对自动化、智能台站的实现方式进行了初步的讨论。     

液压质量控制系统(HMS)的分析模型及其对底层柔性建筑抗震控制的分析

本文着重阐述HMS系统的振动控制机理及其分析模型。在对试验结果分析的基础上,建立了HMS系统考虑其油液压缩性的“可压缩弹性”分析模型(简称“弹性”模型)。试验与分析证明,以该模型描述HMS的系统的工作状态是符合实际的。本文以所建立的“弹性”分析模型,对HMS系统各参数对底层柔性建筑抗震控制体系减震效果影响的规律性进行了详细的计算分析,得出了一些结论,这些结论对实际工程抗震控制设计是非常有意义的。