活动性肺结核高分辨CT的影像特点及联合T-SPOT.TB和TB-Ab诊断价值分析

目的:观察活动性肺结核高分辨CT影像学特点及联合T细胞斑点试验(T-SPOT.TB)和血清结核抗体(TB-Ab)检测的诊断价值.方法:选择2016年1月至2019年7月医院收治的疑诊活动性肺结核198例,入院后均接受高分辨CT检查、T-SPOT.TB及TB-Ab检查,总结活动性肺结核高分辨CT特点及T-SPOT.TB、TB-Ab联合诊断效能.结果:112例确诊活动性肺结核患者中见小叶中心结节、树芽征各92例(82.14％),支气管管壁增厚82例(73.21％),肺实变86例(76.79％),空洞征82例(73.21％),线状影81例(72.32％),液体支气管征81例(72.32％),磨玻璃征64例(57.14％).高分辨CT诊断活动性肺结核敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为77.67％、82.56％和79.80％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为85.29％和73.96％;T-SPOT.TB诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为95.54％、90.70％和93.43％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为93.04％和93.98％;TB-Ab诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为28.57％、82.56％和52.02％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为68.09％和44.10％;联合诊断敏感度、特异度、准确率分别为97.32％、95.35％和96.46％,阳性预测值与阴性预测值分别为96.46％和96.47％.结论:活动性肺结核高分辨CT特异性征象为小叶中心结节、树芽征、支气管管壁增厚、肺实变、空洞征等,有助于其诊断及识别.而T-SPOT.TB对活动性肺结核诊断效能最高,对其无法确诊病例可辅助高分辨CT及TB-Ab检查,提高活动性肺结核检出率.     

增强CT在检测急诊腹盆部创伤患者出血中的应用

目的:通过与数字减影（DSA）造影对比,评价增强CT在急诊腹部及盆腔创伤中检测活动性出血的应用价值。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年2月间急诊收治的腹盆部创伤患者,所有患者入院后均行腹盆部增强CT,并于受伤24h内行DSA造影或栓塞治疗,将CT与DSA图像（金标准）对比,得出CT诊断活动性出血灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值等指标。结果:期间共有33名患者同时行增强CT及DSA造影,其中10名患者增强CT与DSA均未发现出血,其中20名患者增强CT和DSA均阳性,有1例增强CT阳性而随后DSA未发现出血,2例增强CT阴性而随后DSA证实有出血。与DSA对比,增强CT诊断出血的灵敏度（SE）、特异度（SP）、阳性预测值（PPV）、阴性预测值（NPV）分别为:90.9%、90.9%、95.2%和83.3%。结论:增强CT对诊断腹盆部创伤患者活动性出血有较高灵敏性及阳性预测值,为患者后续治疗提供较好的引导作用。      

双能CT诊断膝关节前交叉韧带损伤可行性探讨

目的:探讨双能CT在膝关节前交叉韧带(ACL)损伤中的应用可行性。方法:30例膝关节外伤患者行双能CT和MR检查,观察软组织CT图像、双能CT肌腱伪彩(DETC)图像和MR图像上ACL。以MR图像为参考标准,评估双能CT图像诊断ACL损伤的预测值。结果:MR图像、软组织CT图像、联合软组织CT图像和DETC图像诊断明确的ACL损伤的例数分别为23、11和20。软组织CT图像诊断ACL损伤的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值及准确度分别为47.8%、100.0%、100.0%、36.8%和60.0%;联合软组织CT图像和DETC图像诊断ACL损伤的各预测值分别为82.6%、85.7%、95.0%、60.0%和83.3%。与软组织CT图像相比,联合软组织CT图像和DETC图像诊断ACL损伤的敏感度和准确度均有明显增加(敏感度和准确度相应的χ2值分别为6.133和4.022,P值均<0.05)。结论:联合双能CT的软组织CT图像和DETC图像可诊断ACL损伤,并具有较高的预测值。      

基于人工智能的胸部CT肺结节检出及良恶性诊断效能评估

目的:评估基于深度学习的人工智能（AI）软件在胸部CT肺结节检出及良恶性诊断的价值。方法:收集2018年6月至2020年4月本院经手术确诊的肺结节患者172例,共切除204枚结节。将172例术前高分辨胸部CT图像导入人工智能识别系统,分别采用人工智能和影像医师阅片检出肺结节及良恶性诊断,对比两种阅片方法的敏感度、阳性预测值及假阳性结节个数。以病理结果为诊断金标准,对比AI与影像医师在恶性肺结节诊断中的敏感度、特异度及受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线下面积。结果:172例胸部高分辨CT共检出796枚真结节;AI与影像医师检出结节的敏感度分别为90.5%和75.0%,阳性预测值分别为74.5%和99.7%,假阳性结节总数分别为247个和2个。204枚经手术切除的结节中,AI、影像医师及AI联合影像医师诊断恶性肺结节的敏感度分别为93.3%、78.5%和98.6%,特异度分别为34.8%、79.7%和79.7%;AI、影像医师及AI联合影像医师诊断恶性肺结节的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.641、0.791和0.819。结论:AI检测肺结节的敏感度明显高于影像医师,但AI假阳性率亦较高;AI联合影像医师诊断恶性肺结节效能高于AI或影像医师单独诊断;建议AI联合影像医师共同检出肺结节和良恶性诊断,可以降低漏诊率、提高诊断正确率。      

联合多种高分辨CT征象对肺内孤立结节良恶性鉴别诊断价值

目的:分析肺内孤立结节(SPN)的多种高分辨CT征象对其良、恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法:对我院从2016年4月到2018年4月间手术病理证实的102例SPN的CT图像加以分析,对比分析联合或单一高分辨CT征象判断恶性病变的阳性预测值。结果:恶性病变中钙化发生率为4.26%,较良性病变中钙化率低。恶性病变中分叶征、血管集束征与毛刺征发生率分别为63.83%、40.43%与70.21%,均较良性病变中发生率高,差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。良、恶性病变高分辨CT征象中,卫星灶、空泡征和胸膜凹陷征发生率差异均无统计学差异(P> 0.05)。联合血管集束征、毛刺征与分叶征中两种或者三种,联合诊断恶性病变的阳性预测值均较单一征象高,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论:SPN的高分辨CT征象对其良、恶性的鉴别价值较高,联合多种CT征象较单一征象的价值大。     

256层多排螺旋CT小肠成像(MDCTE)对小肠疾病的诊断价值

目的:探讨256层多排螺旋CT小肠造影(MDCTE)扫描技术在小肠疾病诊断中的临床应用价值.材料和方法:对118例临床怀疑小肠疾病患者,男53例,女65例,平均年龄48.5岁.行256-MDCTE平扫及增强扫描,通过横断面及多平面重建,观察病变部位、大小、形态、周围侵犯及转移情况,结果与最终临床诊断对照分析.结果:本组118例患者中,56例MDCTE诊断为小肠病变,并与最终临床诊断相符.另外62例MDCTE诊断为阴性,其中47例符合,9例漏诊,6例误诊.并且通过统计分析得出MDCTE对小肠疾病诊断的灵敏度为78.87％ (56/71),特异度为100％ (47/47),正确率为87.29％ ((56+47)/118),阳性预测值为100％ (56/56),阴性预测值为75.80％ (47/62).结论:小肠肿瘤、炎症、肠梗阻等病变在MDCTE上具有特征性的表现,MDCTE对小肠疾病的临床诊治具有重要价值.     

常规CTA联合减影CTA对颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值

目的:探讨常规CT血管造影(CTA)联合减影CTA(SCTA)对颈动脉狭窄程度的分辨及诊断价值。方法:对45例颈动脉狭窄疑似患者分别进行常规CTA、减影CTA和数字减影血管造影(DSA),采用诊断实验评价方法比较两种CTA法与DSA法检查颈动脉狭窄程度的一致率及其对颈动脉狭窄的诊断价值。结果:常规CTA显示共62条颈动脉狭窄,SCTA显示共80条不同程度的颈动脉狭窄,DSA显示共76条颈动脉狭窄,常规CTA与DSA检出颈动脉狭窄有差异,SCTA与DSA检出颈动脉狭窄无显著差异(P<0.05)。常规CTA诊断颈动脉狭窄的灵敏度为78.9%(60/76),特异度为85.7%(12/14),阳性预测值为96.8%(60/62),阴性预测值为42.9%(6/14);SCTA诊断颈动脉狭窄的敏感度为98.7%(75/76),特异度为64.3%(9/14),阳性预测值为93.7%(75/80),阴性预测值为90.0%(9/10),与CTA比,SCTA对颈动脉狭窄的诊断灵敏度和阴性预测值较高(P<0.05)。结论:在颈动脉狭窄诊断和分级方面,SCTA较常规CTA更能准确反映颈动脉狭窄的程度。      

高分辨率MRI对直肠癌系膜淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的:分析高分辨率T2加权成像（T2WI）上直肠癌系膜淋巴结的MRI特点,探讨应用磁共振成像（MRI）诊断直肠系膜淋巴结转移的依据,旨在提高直肠癌术前N分期的诊断效能。方法:回顾性分析本院2016年4月至2017年3月收治的62例直肠癌患者MRI影像学资料。分别以淋巴结短径≥ 3 mm及≥ 5 mm为基准,结合内部信号（分为信号混杂及信号均匀）、边缘情况（分为边缘光整及边缘毛糙）,对直肠癌系膜脂肪筋膜内淋巴结进行N分期。影像学诊断结果与病理诊断结果对照,统计分析MRI在诊断直肠癌的术前N分期的准确度、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值以及阴性预测值。结果:62例患者,以淋巴结≥ 5 mm为阳性指标时,诊断准确度为77.42%,敏感度为62.50%,特异度86.84%,阳性预测值为75.00%,阴性预测值为78.57%;以淋巴结≥ 3 mm作为阳性指标时,诊断准确度为75.80%,敏感度为87.50%,特异度68.00%,阳性预测值为63.60%,阴性预测值为89.66%;淋巴结≥ 3 mm组的敏感度高于≥ 5 mm组的,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,诊断效能差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两者间结合内部信号特点及边缘情况后,淋巴结≥ 5 mm组诊断准确度为83.87%,敏感度为62.50%,特异度97.37%,阳性预测值为93.75%,阴性预测值为83.43%;淋巴结≥ 3 mm组诊断准确度为90.32%,敏感度为83.33%,特异度94.74%,阳性预测值为90.91%,阴性预测值为90.00%;两者诊断效能均较单纯淋巴结大小为阳性指标时有所提高,尤其以淋巴结≥ 3 mm组诊断效能更佳,其准确度、特异度、阳性预测值升高明显,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论:单纯以淋巴结大小作为转移标准时,3 mm较5 mm敏感度高,但特异度低;结合淋巴结的信号及边缘情况,可明显提高诊断效能,而且3 mm时更加明显。因此,在判定淋巴结是否转移时,应依据淋巴结大小,结合信号以及边缘情况进行综合分析。      

超声与CT对甲状腺结节良恶性诊断价值的对比分析

目的:对比研究超声与CT对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值,提高诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的准确率。方法:以我院于2011年1月-2014年12月收治的120例甲状腺结节患者的完整病历资料为分析对象。所有患者在两周内先后进行超声和CT检查,保留有完整的图像检查结果,且术后均经病理学证实。应用超声和CT对甲状腺结节良恶性的诊断价值进行评价。结果:超声联合CT诊断的敏感度、特异度和准确率分别为83.17%、93.06%和92.77%,明显高于超声和CT;误诊率和漏诊率分别为9.03%和15.62%,明显低于超声和CT(P<0.05)。结论:超声应该作为诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的首选方法,但超声和CT诊断各有优缺点,应该联合应用超声和CT对甲状腺结节进行定性,从而提高诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的准确率。      

人工智能体积密度法判断肺亚实性结节的浸润性研究

目的:探讨人工智能（AI）体积密度法判断肺亚实性结节（SSNs）浸润性的价值。方法:回顾性分析106例患者的108枚SSNs的CT和病理结果,将结节分为腺体前驱病变组和腺癌组。通过肺结节AI软件测量并比较两组的最大CT值、最小CT值、平均CT值、峰度、偏度、Perc.25％、Perc.50％、Perc.75％、Perc.95％、结节体积、结节平均径等CT定量参数。使用Medcalc软件得出受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）,评价诊断SSNs浸润性的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值及阴性预测值,用逻辑回归分析评估他们的诊断性能。结果:SSNs的多数CT定量参数差异存在统计学意义,其中,诊断效能最高的是Perc.25％,AUC达0.797;其次为Perc.50％ 和平均CT值,AUC均为0.787。Logistic回归分析显示,将诊断效能最高的Perc.25％ 分别与Perc.50％ 和平均CT值两两建立联合诊断模型1,其中Perc.25％ 与平均CT值的模型诊断效能最高,且联合诊断模型诊断效能高于Perc.25％ 与平均CT值单独的诊断效能。Medcalc软件分析显示,Perc.25％≥-578 HU和平均CT值≥-468 HU的SSNs病理表现为腺癌的可能性大。将Perc.25％ 与结节平均径结合,可获得对判断SSNs浸润性非常有价值的联合诊断模型2。结论:AI体积密度法对SSNs的浸润性有较高的诊断价值,联合使用Perc.25％ 与平均CT值比单独使用更能准确地判断浸润性。      

Interactions of lead with sediments and meiofauna

Harpactacoid copepods and Turbellaria appear to be the most sensitive faunal groups in surface sand meiofauna when subjected to contamination by lead; in subsurface sand, nematodes are found to be the most sensitive group. Simple laboratory attempts to assess lead partitioning in littoral sand gave variable results and the problems and merits of such experimental approaches are discussed.     

Dynamics of structures with uplift and sliding

A structure incorporating the mechanism of sliding, as used in seismic isolation, along with the mechanism of uplift, but at a different elevation, is proposed to study the possible beneficial effects on the response of the structure, as compared to allowing partial base uplift only. A two-mass model of system uplift and sliding is established. The equations of motion for both the phase of full contact and the phase of base uplift are derived. The criteria governing the transformation of these two phases are given. Both the time history and the response spectrum results show that the structure with both uplift and sliding mechanisms is superior to that with only the uplift mechanism. Not only is the response of the structure lessened, but also the amount of uplift is greatly reduced because of the added sliding mechanism.     

Focusing patterns of seismicity with relocation and collapsing

Seismicity is generally concentrated on faults or in fault zones of varying, sometimes complex geometry. An earthquake catalog, compiled over time, contains useful information about this geometry, which can help understanding the tectonics of a region. Interpreting the geometrical distribution of events in a catalog is often complicated by the diffuseness of the earthquake locations. Here, we explore a number of strategies to reduce this diffuseness and hence simplify the seismicity pattern of an earthquake catalog. These strategies utilize information about event locations contained in their overall catalog distribution. They apply this distribution as an a priori constraint on relocations of the events, or as an attractor for each individual event in a collapsing scheme, and thereby focus the locations. The latter strategy is not a relocation strategy in a strict sense, although event foci are moved, because the movements are not driven by data misfit. Both strategies simplify the seismicity pattern of the catalog and may help to interpret it. A synthetic example and a real-data example from an aftershock sequence in south west Iceland are presented to demonstrate application of the strategies. Entropy is used to quantify their effect.     

喉软骨肉瘤MSCT诊断分析

目的:探讨喉软骨肉瘤的MSCT表现,鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析2008年1月至2018年10月,我院收治的4例喉软骨肉瘤患者影像学资料。患者术前均行喉部常规MSCT平扫、动态增强扫描。观察病变的MSCT特征（病变大小、边缘、平扫密度、囊变坏死以及瘤内钙化特点,包膜,强化特征、淋巴结情况）和病理表现。结果:4例患者中病变内均可见囊变坏死,不同形状钙化影,强化不明显。结论:MSCT为诊断喉软骨肉瘤提供了一定的影像学依据。      

Structure of Prominences with Normal and Inverse Polarities

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Based on the measurements of their magnetic fields, solar prominences can be divided into two types: filaments with normal (N) or inverse (I) polarity. In an N-type...     

多道中心式记录强震仪的设计与应用

介绍了多道中心式记录强震仪的工作原理,性能及技术指标,给出了仪器的设计方法、理论分析和具体电气功能控制、时间服务系统等结构框图。文中还介绍了强震仪在地震现场观测获取的很有价值的地震记录。     

Seismic retroftting of RC columns with RC jackets and wing walls with different structural details

An original reinforced concrete(RC) column and four strengthened specimens, two with RC jackets and two with wing walls, were tested in this study. The original column specimen was designed to comply with older(pre-1999) design standards so that the usual detailing defi ciencies in existing school buildings in Taiwan could be simulated. Two different structural details were chosen to fabricate the full-scale specimens for each retrofi tting technique. The study confi rmed that either RC jacketing or the installation of wing walls with two different structural details can effectively improve the stiffness and strength of an existing column. RC jacketing shows a better improvement in energy dissipation and ductility when compared to the columns with wing walls installed. This is because the two RC jacketed columns experienced a fl exural failure, while a shear failure was found in the two columns with the wing walls installed, and thus led to a drastic decrease of the maximum lateral strengths and ductility. Since many factors may affect the installation of a post-installed anchor, it is better to use standard hooks to replace post-installed anchors in some specifi c points when using RC jacketing or installing wing walls.     

16排螺旋CT3D及MIP在肝癌APS中的临床应用

目的:探讨16排螺旋CT三维及最大密度重建技术在肝癌动门脉分流诊断中的应用价值.方法:对64例肝癌伴动门脉分流患者的16排螺旋CT增强图像进行三维及最大密度重建,并对重建图像进行观察和分析(与CT轴位图像和数字减影血管造影图像进行对照).结果:16排螺旋CT三维及最大密度重建技术能全面、直观、多方位地显示肝癌动门脉分流的影像征象,并能较好显示动门脉分流导致的血液动力学改变.结论:16排螺旋CT三维及最大密度重建作为轴位CT图像的重要后处理技术,具有无创、直观、快速显示肝癌动门脉分流各种影像征象的特点,为临床诊断和治疗肝癌动门脉分流提供可靠的依据.     

Numerical artifacts associated with Rayleigh and modal damping models of inelastic structures with massless coordinates

The paper presents a detailed reexamination of the effects of three damping models on the inelastic seismic response of structures with massless degrees of freedom. The models considered correspond to (a) Rayleigh damping based on current properties (tangent stiffness), (b) Rayleigh damping based on initial properties, and (c) modal damping. The results suggest that some nonzero damping forces/moments at massless DOFs obtained in multistory frames for the case of Rayleigh damping with tangent stiffness may be numerical artifacts rather than a deficiency of the damping model. The results also indicate that significant artificial numerical oscillations in the velocities of the secondary components of MDOF structures are introduced when modal damping or mass-proportional damping is used.