基于CloudSat资料对中国低纬度陆地区域卷云物理特征的研究

利用2008年9月—2016年8月的CloudSat卫星资料对发生在我国低纬度陆地区域(5°～36.5°N, 78°～124°E)的卷云物理特征进行统计分析,并分别讨论东部沿海、中部、西部3个子区域的卷云物理特征的季节变化。结果表明：卷云的整层发生率西部地区整体低于中部与东部沿海地区。3个子区域整层发生率均在夏季最高、冬季最低。卷云的主要发生高度在5.04～18.71 km,垂直分布中卷云发生率的最大值出现在春季中部地区,为15.34%,高度为9.83 km。冰水路径最大值出现在夏季的东部沿海,液水路径最大值在秋季的西部地区。冰水含量、冰粒数浓度、冰粒有效半径的主要分布高度与卷云的发生高度一致,液水含量、液滴数浓度、液滴有效半径的主要分布高度在5.04～9.35 km。3个子区域卷云冰水含量、冰粒数浓度、冰粒有效半径垂直分布中大多集中在中上部;液水含量垂直分布主要集中在分布高度的中下部。四季卷云雷达反射率因子的最大值在-19.89～-16.78 dBZ,分布高度在7.19～10.55 km。     

中国地区夏季云粒子尺寸的时空分布特征

利用CloudSat卫星资料,分析了2006～2008年中国地区夏季月平均云粒子有效半径的垂直和区域变化特征。结果显示,水云粒子有效半径在对流层低层达到最大,并随高度增加而减小。30°N纬度带的水云相对以南及以北纬度带的粒子有效半径偏大。6月水云粒子有效半径较大,应与梅雨季节有密切联系。对于中国北部和中部,水云粒子有效半径在西部较东部偏大,而在南部地区,东西部差异不明显。不同纬度带上的冰云粒子有效半径相类似,在冰云下边界最大,随高度增加而减小。水云和冰云的云粒子尺度的年际变化不明显。对上述特征的成因分析表明,高原地形以及东亚夏季风对月平均云粒子有效半径具有明显影响。所揭示的云粒子有效半径特征为天气和气候模式改进、人工影响天气及云—辐射—气候相互作用等研究提供了重要的基础信息。     

基于多源卫星资料的中国地区云宏微观特征研究

利用2007—2016年国际卫星云气候计划（International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project,ISCCP）、云和地球辐射能量系统（Clouds and the Earth''s Radiant Energy System,CERES）和中分辨率成像光谱仪（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS）卫星反演云产品,对比分析了不同数据反演的中国地区云系结构的宏微观特征,并采用复合评价指标定量评估了不同数据之间时间和空间上的一致性。结果表明：三套卫星数据都能较好地反演出中国地区总云量呈南高北低、东高西低、夏高冬低的分布特征,但通过比较时间技巧（Temporal Skill,S_T）及空间技巧（Spatial Skill,S_S）复合评价指标及其各项分量发现,与MODIS相比,CERES与ISCCP数据反演的总云量时间序列演变特征明显更为一致,且其评分均有南方优于北方,夏季优于冬季的特征;进一步分析不同高度云量的S_T评分发现,CERES和ISCCP两套数据在南方地区的总云量差异主要来自于低云量的绝对偏差,而北方地区的偏差则同时存在于低云和中云;对比分析MODIS和CERES反演的云滴有效半径发现,高云对应的冰相云一致性较高,而中低云相对应的液相云的偏差则有夏季高于冬季的规律。针对夏季液相和冰相云滴粒径及概率密度分析则表明,相比CERES数据,MODIS对夏季液水和冰水粒子的有效半径在不同地区均有不同程度的高估,液（冰）水谱宽则更宽（窄）。     

A study of vertical cloud structure of the Indian summer monsoon using CloudSat data

Precise specification of the vertical distribution of cloud optical properties is important to reduce the uncertainty in quantifying the radiative impacts of clouds. The new global observations of vertical profiles of clouds from the CloudSat mission provide opportunities to describe cloud structures and to improve parameterization of clouds in the weather and climate prediction models. In this study, four years (2007–2010) of observations of vertical structure of clouds from the CloudSat cloud profiling radar have been used to document the mean vertical structure of clouds associated with the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and its intra-seasonal variability. Active and break monsoon spells associated with the intra-seasonal variability of ISM have been identified by an objective criterion. For the present analysis, we considered CloudSat derived column integrated cloud liquid and ice water, and vertically profiles of cloud liquid and ice water content. Over the South Asian monsoon region, deep convective clouds with large vertical extent (up to 14 km) and large values of cloud water and ice content are observed over the north Bay of Bengal. Deep clouds with large ice water content are also observed over north Arabian Sea and adjoining northwest India, along the west coast of India and the south equatorial Indian Ocean. The active monsoon spells are characterized by enhanced deep convection over the Bay of Bengal, west coast of India and northeast Arabian Sea and suppressed convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean. Over the Bay of Bengal, cloud liquid water content and ice water content is enhanced by ~90 and ~200 % respectively during the active spells. An interesting feature associated with the active spell is the vertical tilting structure of positive CLWC and CIWC anomalies over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, which suggests a pre-conditioning process for the northward propagation of the boreal summer intra-seasonal variability. It is also observed that during the break spells, clouds are not completely suppressed over central India. Instead, clouds with smaller vertical extent (3–5 km) are observed due to the presence of a heat low type of circulation. The present results will be useful for validating the vertical structure of clouds in weather and climate prediction models.     

基于CloudSat卫星资料分析青藏高原东部夏季云的垂直结构

本文利用CloudSat卫星资料,对青藏高原东部2006~2010年6~8月云垂直结构的空间分布进行分析,结果表明:(1)夏季青藏高原东部云发展可达到平流层,且高原东部云在5km以下以水云存在,5~10km以液相和固相共存的混态存在,在垂直高度10km以上以冰云存在。由于CloudSat卫星资料云相的反演问题,可能会造成水云和混态云的发展上限偏低,冰云的发展下限抬升。(2)研究区整层水汽输送和云水平均路径空间分布存在一定的差异性,云水含量纬向分布表现为在26.5°~30.5°N附近存在一个明显的峰值区,经向分布表现为95°E以西云水含量低于以东。(3)研究区以单云层为主,尤其在青藏高原主体。单云层平均云层厚度4182 m,云顶高度、云厚限于水汽的输送,表现为由南向北波动下降。多层云发生频率在27°N以北明显减少,说明强烈的对流运动更容易激发多层云的产生。     

基于Himawari-8气象卫星的东亚夏季冰云云顶特征分布

利用Advanced Himawari Imager(AHI)/Himawari-8(HW8)云产品分析2017 年夏季东亚地区不同下垫面条件对冰云云顶特征的影响,针对不同下垫面条件选择了9 个研究区域.结果表明,冰云最常出现在青藏高原和南亚季风区.冰云的发生频率存在南北递减的趋势,并在日本附近有高值中心.冰云云顶的垂...     

Observational Diagnosis of Cloud Phase in the Winter Antarctic Atmosphere for Parameterizations in Climate Models

The cloud phase composition of cold clouds in the Antarctic atmosphere is explored using data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instruments for the period 2000--2006. We used the averaged fraction of liquid-phase clouds out of the total cloud amount at the cloud tops since the value is comparable in the two measurements. MODIS data for the winter months (June, July, and August) reveal liquid cloud fraction out of the total cloud amount significantly decreases with decreasing cloud-top temperature below 0oC. In addition, the CALIOP vertical profiles show that below the ice clouds, low-lying liquid clouds are distributed over ～20% of the area. With increasing latitude, the liquid cloud fraction decreases as a function of the local temperature. The MODIS-observed relation between the cloud-top liquid fraction and cloud-top temperature is then applied to evaluate the cloud phase parameterization in climate models, in which condensed cloud water is repartitioned between liquid water and ice on the basis of the grid point temperature. It is found that models assuming overly high cut-offs (》-40oC) for the separation of ice clouds from mixed-phase clouds may significantly underestimate the liquid cloud fraction in the winter Antarctic atmosphere. Correction of the bias in the liquid cloud fraction would serve to reduce the large uncertainty in cloud radiative effects.     

青藏高原那曲地区一次深对流云垂直结构的多源卫星和地基雷达观测对比分析

为了加强对青藏高原深对流云垂直结构的深入认识,利用TRMM、CloudSat和Aqua多源卫星观测资料及地基垂直指向雷达（C波段调频连续波雷达和KA波段毫米波云雷达）资料,对第三次青藏高原大气科学试验期间2014年7月9日13-16时（北京时）发生在那曲气象站附近的深厚强对流云和那曲气象站以西100 km左右的深厚弱对流云的垂直结构特征进行了分析,得到的结果如下:（1）深厚强对流云和深厚弱对流云的水平尺度均较小（10-20 km）,垂直发展高度较高（15-16 km,均指海拔高度）;深厚强对流云在0℃层以下雷达反射率因子递增非常快,表明对流云内固态降水粒子下落至0℃层以下后融化过程有很重要的作用;在对流减弱阶段有明显的0℃层亮带出现,亮带位于5.5 km左右（距地1 km）;（2）对比TRMM测雨雷达和C波段调频连续波雷达观测到的雷达反射率因子,发现TRMM测雨雷达在11 km以下存在高估;（3）深对流云主要为冰相云,云内10 km以上主要是丰富小冰粒子,而10 km以下是较少的大冰晶粒子;深厚强对流云和深厚弱对流云的微物理过程都主要包括混合相过程和冰化过程,混合相过程分为两种:一种是-25℃（深厚强对流云）或-29℃（深厚弱对流云）高度以下以凇附增长为主,另一种是该高度以上主要以冰晶聚合、凝华增长为主,该过程冰晶粒子有效半径增长较快。这些空基和地基的观测证据进一步揭示了青藏高原深对流云的垂直结构特征,为模式模拟青藏高原深对流云的检验提供了依据。      

Characterization of cloud microphysical properties in different cloud types over East Asia based on CloudSat/CALIPSO satellite products

利用CloudSat/CALIPSO卫星资料,本文揭示了东亚三个代表性区域的云微物理属性,为评估和改进模式云微物理过程提供重要的观测基础.研究的云微物理量包括云水/冰质量,数浓度和有效半径.研究表明:暖云中云水质量和数浓度随高度增加而减小,有效半径处于8-14μm范围.对于冰云,云冰质量和有效半径随高度增加而减小,而数浓度在垂直方向上变化不大.此外,云微物理属性在不同云型之间存在显著差异:积云的云水质量和数浓度最大,而卷云的云水质量和数浓度最小.从三个区域的对比结果来看,相比于华东和西北太平洋地区,青藏高原地区暖云的云水质量和数浓度较小,而冰云的则较大.     

2003年7月3日梅雨锋切变线上的β-中尺度暴雨云团分析

利用多种气象卫星遥感资料及加工产品,对2003年7月3日产生在皖北的暴雨过程进行了中尺度分析。分析表明:在切变线云带上有11个β-中尺度对流云团发展,水平范围约100km,生命史约5h;其背景场是整个对流云区内具有高湿、正涡度和上升运动的特征,它们促使切变线内高湿斜压不稳定能量释放,促使β-中尺度云团发展,产生很强的降水,云团的水凝物廓线上部的可降水冰和云冰含量很高,最大值达0.8g/kg,最大高度达18km,云顶亮温低于-80℃。     

基于CERES资料的中国西南地区云水含量和粒子有效半径分布及变化特征

利用NASA/CERES发布的2001～2015年云参数资料,选取高层云、雨层云、层积云的云水含量和云粒子有效半径,统计分析了西南地区云参数的时空分布特征和变化趋势。结果表明:从年均空间分布来看,西南地区液水和冰水含量均东部高于西部,海拔低的地区高于海拔高的地区;高层云和雨层云液相和冰相云粒子有效半径在川西高原最大。从数值大小来看,雨层云液水和冰水含量最多,分别介于90～230 g/m2和100～300 g/m2,层积云最少,分别介于0～80 g/m2和0～60 g/m2;冰相云粒子有效半径高于液相2～6 μm。从季节分布来看,雨层云液水和冰水含量秋季和冬季偏高,夏季和春季偏少,高层云和层积云季节差异较小;液相云粒子有效半径均夏季最大。从变化趋势来看,西南地区各地液水和冰水含量均呈减少趋势,液相和冰相云粒子有效半径有呈减少或增加趋势。     

Evaluation of cloud properties in the NOAA/NCEP global forecast system using multiple satellite products

Knowledge of cloud properties and their vertical structure is important for meteorological studies due to their impact on both the Earth’s radiation budget and adiabatic heating within the atmosphere. The objective of this study is to evaluate bulk cloud properties and vertical distribution simulated by the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) using three global satellite products. Cloud variables evaluated include the occurrence and fraction of clouds in up to three layers, cloud optical depth, liquid water path, and ice water path. Cloud vertical structure data are retrieved from both active (CloudSat/CALIPSO) and passive sensors and are subsequently compared with GFS model results. In general, the GFS model captures the spatial patterns of hydrometeors reasonably well and follows the general features seen in satellite measurements, but large discrepancies exist in low-level cloud properties. More boundary layer clouds over the interior continents were generated by the GFS model whereas satellite retrievals showed more low-level clouds over oceans. Although the frequencies of global multi-layer clouds from observations are similar to those from the model, latitudinal variations show discrepancies in terms of structure and pattern. The modeled cloud optical depth over storm track region and subtropical region is less than that from the passive sensor and is overestimated for deep convective clouds. The distributions of ice water path (IWP) agree better with satellite observations than do liquid water path (LWP) distributions. Discrepancies in LWP/IWP distributions between observations and the model are attributed to differences in cloud water mixing ratio and mean relative humidity fields, which are major control variables determining the formation of clouds.     

利用FY-1D全球数据监测北极冰雪覆盖

利用FY-1D极轨气象卫星全球数据(GDPT)4个通道资料选取了北极冰雪样本2 366个、云2 024个,陆地1 602个,水体1 648个,分析各类别的光谱特征和纹理特征,利用光谱特征从图像上识别出陆地、水体和部分云,根据冰雪和云纹理特征不同用贝叶斯判别方法建立类别判别函数进一步对北极冰雪与云进行分类,然后通过5 d合成,得到北极地区完整的冰雪覆盖范围.所得结果与NOAA/NESDIS的IMS提供的北半球日积雪产品检验分类结果相比较,一致率达到70 %以上.     

Design and performance of a new cloud microphysics scheme developed for the ECHAM general circulation model

A new cloud microphysics scheme including a prognostic treatment of cloud ice (PCI) is developed to yield a more physically based representation of the components of the atmospheric moisture budget in the general circulation model ECHAM. The new approach considers cloud water and cloud ice as separate prognostic variables. The precipitation formation scheme for warm clouds distinguishes between maritime and continental clouds by considering the cloud droplet number concentration, in addition to the liquid water content. Based on several observational data sets, the cloud droplet number concentration is derived from the sulfate aerosol mass concentration as given from the sulfur cycle simulated by ECHAM. Results obtained with the new scheme are compared to satellite observations and in situ measurements of cloud physical and radiative properties. In general, the standard model ECHAM4 and also PCI capture the overall features, and the simulated results usually lie within the range of observed uncertainty. As compared to ECHAM4, only slight improvements are achieved with the new scheme. For example, the overestimated liquid water path and total cloud cover over convectively active regions are reduced in PCI. On the other hand, some shortcomings of the standard model such as underestimated shortwave cloud forcing over the extratropical oceans of the respective summer hemisphere are more pronounced in PCI.This paper was presented at the Third International Conference on Modelling of Global Climate Change and Variability, held in Hamburg 4–9 Sept. 1995 under the auspices of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg. Editor for these papers is L. Dümenil.     

层状云结构和降水机制研究及人工增雨问题讨论

总结了层状云及其降水物理研究的部分成果。在此基础上, 讨论了层状云人工增雨的几个问题, 提出用常规观测资料判断人工增雨条件的方法。具体结果如下:层状云结构是不均匀的。层状云系在垂直方向上具有分层结构。“催化—供给”云是降水性层状云的典型结构, “催化—供给”云相互作用是导致降水的主要过程。按微观结构可以将降水性层状云分成3 层:冰相层、冰水混合层和液水层。冰相层是催化云, 冰水混合层和液水层是供给云。层状云降水过程研究表明, 对应于层状云或“催化—供给”云的3层宏观结构, 发生着不同的微物理过程, 粒子形成和增长过程也不同。冰相层的冰晶和雪, 凝华是其主要增长方式, 其次是雪与冰晶的聚合过程;雪(或聚合体)落入冰水混合层后, 继续通过凝华增长或贝吉龙过程增长, 同时撞冻过冷云水增长, 有部分冰雪晶通过撞冻增长而转化成霰。在液水层, 雪(或聚合体)霰开始融化, 同时收集云暖区云水增长。冰相粒子的撞冻增长过程和凝华增长过程相比同样重要。层状云各层对降水的贡献不同。一般而言, 对于“催化—供给”云, 催化云对降水的贡献低于30%, 供给云在70%以上。在以上研究的基础上, 讨论了层状云人工增雨的问题。(1)“催化—供给”云结构有利于云水转化成降水, 只有冰相层、冰水混合成和液水层相互“配合”, 才能形成有效降水。可以将“催化—供给”云作为层状云人工增雨催化的结构条件。(2)要选择降水形成以冷云过程为主的层状云催化, 冰面饱和水汽量和过冷水含量要大些。(3)层状云人工增雨原理应该补充。降水形成不但经历贝吉龙-芬德森过程, 冰水混合层的聚合和撞冻增长也是十分重要的过程。过冷水对于降水的形成非常重要, 但冰面饱和水汽量对降水的形成也同样重要。最后, 结合层状云的研究成果, 提出用常规探测资料判别层状云人工增雨催化条件的方法:利用卫星云图和雷达回波判别“催化—供给”云的结构, 用雷达RHI 回波(在距离高度显示器上的回波)判别降水机制和液水层。       

京津冀地区夏季降水冰云和非降水冰云云特征对比分析

利用2013～2016年的Aqua MODIS卫星和CloudSat卫星的二级产品资料,对发生在京津冀地区夏季的降水冰云和非降水冰云进行了统计。基于此,对比分析了两类冰云的云类型,研究了二者在云特征参数、云层数及垂直结构上的差异,并且探究了二者在不同通道下云特征参数的相对大小。结果表明:1）京津冀地区的降水冰云以深对流云和雨层云为主,分别占48.63%和34.65%,而非降水冰云以高层云和卷云为主,分别占55.62%和31.58%。2）降水冰云和非降水冰云的平均云顶温度、云顶高度、光学厚度、积分云水总量、有效粒子半径分别为230.99 K、10.90 km、53.26、937.98 g/m2、31.45m和236.17 K、10.10 km、12.81、209.00 g/m2、27.54 μm。3）降水冰云以单层云为主,占80.39%,双层云占18.75%;而非降水冰云仍以单层云为主,占85.35%,双层云则占14.38%,比降水冰云低。4）相较于非降水冰云,降水冰云中卷云和高积云云体位置较高,而高层云和深对流云位置较低。5）随高度变化,降水冰云冰水含量是双峰结构,而非降水冰云是单峰结构;二者的粒子数浓度则差异不大;非降水冰云的粒子有效半径在5～7.5 km随高度变化不大,而降水冰云则随高度减小。6）降水冰云的积分云水总量、光学厚度和粒子有效半径>≥模态[、、分别代表该云特征参数在1.6、2.1、3.7 μm通道中的数值,当n=1, 2, 3时,分别代表光学厚度（b₁）、积分云水总量（b₂）、有效半径这三种（b₃）]的比例都高于非降水冰云,而二者在云参数≥≥模态的比例则有差异。     

一次典型降水层状云的结构特征和增雨潜势分析

利用FY-2C卫星资料、雷达资料和逐时降水资料及NCAR/NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2005年9月24-25日河南省出现的层状云降水过程进行了分析。结果表明:影响降水过程的是低槽—切变云系,切变线云系为暖云云系,结构较均匀,低槽云系主体为冷云,云顶亮温不均匀,有低亮温带结构,当东移的低槽云系与北抬的切变线云系叠加后,叠加区上有中小尺度云团活动,促使降水加强。强降水出现在700 hPa、850 hPa切变线之间及500 hPa低槽前部,并与云顶亮温的发展变化趋势表现出相似性;500 hPa槽前、700 hPa切变线北侧的降水,雨强与亮温值的对应关系不确定。这主要是由于低槽云系和切变线云系的叠加部位不仅具有深厚的湿层,而且具有较强的动力抬升和水汽辐合条件;切变线北侧处于低空辐散区且水汽条件较差,自然降水产生的条件不是很好。最后借助于FY-2C卫星资料反演的云物理参数,对低槽—切变云系的增雨潜势进行了简要分析,认为低槽—切变云系上云顶温度较高的部位符合“播云窗”概念,具有很好的增雨潜势,切变线北侧的低槽云系由于云顶温度低、低空水汽不充分,“播撒—供应”机制不能很好地建立,其增雨潜势条件也弱。     

Comparison of model predicted cloud parameters and surface radiative fluxes with observations on the 100 km scale

Summary Cloud parameters and surface radiative fluxes predicted by regional atmospheric models are directly compared with observations for a 10-day period in late summer 1995 characterized by predominantly large-scale synoptic conditions. Observations of total cloud cover and vertical cloud structure are inferred from measurements with a ground-based network of Lidar ceilometers and IR-radiometers and from satellite observations on a 100 kilometer scale. Ground-based observations show that at altitudes below 3 km, implying liquid water clouds, there is a considerable portion of optically non-opaque clouds. Vertical distributions of cloud temperatures simultaneously inferred from the ground-based infrared radiometer network and from satellite can only be reconciled if the occurrence of optically thin cloud structures at mid- and high tropospheric levels is assumed to be frequent. Results of three regional atmospheric models, i.e. the GKSS-REMO, SMHI-HIRLAM, and KNMI-RACMO, are quantitatively compared with the observations. The main finding is that all models predict too much cloud amount at low altitude below 900 hPa, which is then compensated by an underestimation of cloud amount around 800 hPa. This is likely to be related with the finding that all models tend to underestimate the planetary boundary layer height. All models overpredict the high-level cloud amount albeit it is difficult to quantify to what extent due to the frequent presence of optically thin clouds. Whereas reasonably alike in cloud parameters, the models differ considerably in radiative fluxes. One model links a well matching incoming solar radiation to a radiatively transparent atmosphere over a too cool surface, another model underpredicts incoming solar radiation at the surface due to a too strong cloud feedback to radiation, the last model represents all surface radiative fluxes quite well on average, but underestimates the sensitivity of atmospheric transmissivity to cloud amount. Received August 31, 2000 Revised March 15, 2001     

Analysis of ice water path retrieval errors over tropical ocean

Retrieval of multi-layered cloud properties, especially ice water path (IWP), is one of the most perplexing problems in satellite cloud remote sensing. This paper develops a method for improving the IWP retrievals for ice-over-water overlapped cloud systems using Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) data. A combined microwave, visible and infrared algorithm is used to identify overlapped clouds and estimate IWP separately from liquid water path. The retrieval error of IWP is then evaluated by comparing the IWP to that retrieved from single-layer ice clouds surrounding the observed overlapping systems. The major IWP retrieval errors of overlapped clouds are primarily controlled by the errors in estimating the visible optical depth. Optical depths are overestimated by about 10–40% due to the influence of the underlying cloud. For the ice-over-warm-water cloud systems (cloud water temperature Tw > 273 K), the globally averaged IWP retrieval error is about 10%. This cloud type accounts for about 15% of all high-cloud overlapping cases. Ice-over-super-cooled water clouds are the predominant overlapped cloud system, accounting for 55% of the cases. Their global averaged error is 17.2%. The largest IWP retrieval error results when ice clouds occur over extremely super-cooled water clouds (Tw 6 255 K). Overall, roughly 33% of the VIRS IWP retrievals are overestimated due to the effects of the liquid water clouds beneath the cirrus clouds. To improve the accuracy of the IWP retrievals, correction models are developed and applied to all three types of overlapped clouds. The preliminary results indicate that the correction models reduce part of the retrieval error.     

华北太行山东麓一次稳定性积层混合云飞机观测研究:对流云/对流泡和融化层结构特征

对云中微物理过程的研究是研究云降水形成过程和人工影响降水的重要基础,目前对积层混合云的对流区/对流泡中的微物理结构了解甚少。本文利用河北省“十三五”气象重点工程——云水资源开发利用工程的示范项目（2017～2019年）“太行山东麓人工增雨防雹作业技术试验”飞机和地面雷达观测数据,重点分析研究了2017年5月22日一次典型稳定性积层混合云对流泡和融化层的结构特征。研究结果表明,此次积层混合云高层存在高浓度大冰粒子,冰粒子下落过程中的增长在不同区域存在明显差异,在含有高过冷水含量的对流泡中,冰粒子增长主要是聚并和凇附增长,而在过冷水含量较低的云区以聚并增长为主。由于聚并增长形成的大冰粒子密度低,下落速度小,穿过0℃层时间更长,出现大量半融化的冰粒子,使融化现象更为明显。镶嵌在层状云中的对流泡一般处于0℃～-10℃（高度4～6 km）层之间,垂直和水平尺度约2 km,最大上升气流速度可达5 m s-1。对流泡内平均液态水含量是周围云区的2倍左右,小云粒子平均浓度比周围云区高一个量级,大粒子（直径800 μm以上）的浓度也更高。在具有较高过冷水含量的对流泡中降水形成符合“播撒—供给”机制,但在过冷水含量较低的区域并不符合这一机制。