用Moya方法反演门源地区数字地震台站场地响应

基于2016年1月21日青海门源6.4级地震100个MS≥1.0余震序列资料,运用Atkinson法测得青海门源地区Q值,并用Moya法反演了其中24个台站的场地响应。结果表明:在1~20 Hz范围内24个子台的场地响应与频率有关,其中位于震中南部的11个台站场地响应平稳变化,接近1;位于震中东南的11个台站场地响应在低频部分接近1,高频部分衰减至0.1;震中西南的2个台站场地响应高频部分持续放大后衰减。     

海南岛介质非弹性衰减及场地响应反演

利用海南数字地震台网18个地震台274条波形资料,运用遗传算法反演海南岛非弹性衰减系数及台站场地响应,计算得到海南岛非弹性衰减Q值随频率f的关系为Q（f）=343.7f^0.42,说明海南岛适中Q值区域,地壳相对稳定。18个地表台站的场地响应场与频率有关,其中：7个台站的场地响应接近1,平稳变化;2个台站在高频部分衰减;7个台站的场地响应小于1,变化平稳; 2个台站低频部分场地响应接近1,高频部分放大。     

广西地区地震动衰减Q值和场地响应研究

根据2007-2013年广西数字测震台网21个地震台的665条波形资料,运用三段几何衰减模型,采用Akinson方法多台多地震联合反演,得到广西地区非弹性衰减Q值,利用Moya方法进行台站的场地响应测算.结果表明:广西地区非弹性衰减Q值和频率f线性关系较好,Q(f)=366.3f0.47;其中10个台站的场地响应在1附近,且随频率变化波动小;百色、桂林、梧州地震台场地响应随着高频增加而缓慢降低;钦州地震台低频部分较为平坦,高频部分有较为明显的放大效应;河池地震台低频部分较为平坦,在频率7 Hz以上快速下降;南宁地震台仪器通带范围的能量场地响应有明显的放大效应.     

华北中北部地区震源参数和场地响应的联合反演

利用遗传算法反演华北中北部地区27个地震震源谱的低频水平、拐角频率和25个台站的场地响应。具体方法是利用研究区的平均衰减模型对记录谱进行路径校正，然后假定每一个地震的ω^2模型，调整低频水平和拐角频率使所有台站场地响应的标准偏差最小，最后给出参与计算的每个台站的场地响应。结果表明，17个基岩台中11个台的场地响应在1～20Hz范围内接近1，6个基岩台的场地响应部分频段放大或缩小3倍以上。8个井下摆台站的场地响应形态相同，表现为低频放大，高频部分迅速衰减。地震矩与震级的关系为logM0=17．1 1．13ML，地震矩与震源半径的关系为logM0=19．4 0．0052r。     

福建地震台网接入的台湾台站场地响应研究

福建地震台网接入了16个台湾台站,利用这些台站记录的92个地震波形资料,反演台湾地区的非弹性衰减和其中12个台站的场地响应,其非弹性衰减Q(f)=271.6f~(0.381);其场地响应低频部分在1附近波动,高频部分出现衰减;其中一个台在低频部分出现放大效应。经过研究,在计算台湾海峡地震的震源参数时可以提高计算精度,同时为下一步福建台网产出台湾地区地震的震源参数建立数据基础,丰富福建台网的数据服务内容。对震级校正、台站场地选点及评价、地震工程和灾害评估有一定的参考意义。     

祁连山主动源观测台站场地响应分析

场地响应是精确测定震源参数和稳健估计出高精度地壳介质衰减变化的关键影响因素之一,采用H/V尾波谱比法,对祁连山主动源观测台网中40个短周期观测台站的场地响应进行了分析。结果表明,祁连山主动源观测台网中40个短周期观测台站均存在不同程度的放大（衰减）作用,根据40个台站观测波形的尾波场地响应曲线特征,可将其分为平坦类、放大类、高频衰减类,在1~20 Hz频段内部分台站场地响应曲线呈现平坦,场地响应值为1~2倍;而大部分台站在不同频段有明显放大（衰减）作用,场地响应值为0.3~9倍。台站台基岩性可能是决定场地响应曲线特征和大小的主要因素,且与台基介质密度具有反相关性。     

山东数字地震台站场地响应估算

为了建立山东省数字地震台站场地响应数据库,选取山东区域数字地震台网自2009年4月至2012年1月记录的ML≥2.5地震事件,通过信噪比方法挑选出质量较高的86次地震,采用互相衔接的三段几何衰减模型,基于遗传算法,利用Moya等方法对山东省36个地震台站进行场地响应测算.其中35个台站未显示明显的放大作用,聊城台场地响应变化起伏较大,高频部分放大明显,烟台、招远、即墨、五连、菏泽台场地响应总体表现出一定衰减作用.     

天津地区场地响应和震源参数联合反演

根据天津数字地震台网记录的发生在天津地区的中小地震波形资料,采用Moya方法,反演天津地区39个地震的震源谱低频水平、拐角频率和28个台站的场地响应,计算了参与反演的地震矩、拐角频率、应力降和震源半径等参数,并讨论了它们之间的关系.结果表明: 27个井下台的场地响应曲线形态基本一致,低频有不同程度的放大,高频衰减较快;蓟县地表基岩台的场地响应低频基本在1附近变化,高频也有明显衰减.地震矩与震级及震源谱拐角频率的关系密切;拐角频率随震级的增大,有明显的下降;对于3级以上的地震,应力降、震源半径随地震震级的增大有明显的增大.     

辽宁地区Lg波衰减及场地响应特征

准确的衰减特征及台站响应对于定量确定地震台网观测环境和分析其构造机制具有重要意义。选取2008—2017年辽宁数字地震台网地震波形资料,利用Lg波谱比与台站场地响应联合反演方法,获得了1～7 Hz Lg波三分向(UD,NS,EW)衰减关系,参与评估的32个台站的场地响应幅值曲线较为平滑,各频段衰减效应存在差异。大多数台站的场地效应幅值在1～8,少数台在低频或高频段上呈现放大效应,最大的幅值近16。结果表明:辽宁地区为低Q₀(对应频率1 Hz)和低频率依赖性的构造活跃区,场地响应特征与浅层结构及地质构造有密切关系。不同场地类型的场地响应特征差异明显:井下场地类型的场地响应在低频段内(1～2 Hz)有明显的放大效应;地表较山洞场地类型的场地响应幅值在径向和垂向上都有抬升;相同场地类型中,场地响应放大效应在径向上比垂向上大的多,可能与台基岩性特征有关,而岩性差异对场地响应特征的影响不明显。     

用H/V谱比法计算云南区域数字地震台站的场地响应

用H/V谱比法,计算给出了云南区域数字地震台网23个子台S波随频率变化的台站场地响应特征。结果表明:在1～10Hz频段内,23个子台S波的场地响应相对较平坦,在1.41～2.91之间变化,平均2.08;在大于10Hz的高频段,部分台站的场地响应有较明显的放大。     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.