几种单胞藻对婆罗异剑水蚤群体增殖的影响

研究了不同浓度的三角褐指藻（Ｐｈａｅｏｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ　ｔｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍ）和不同种单胞藻单独喂养 及混合喂养对婆罗异剑水蚤 Ａｐｏｃｙｃｌｏｐｓ　ｂｏｒｎｅｏｅｎｓｉｓ群体增殖的影响。经１０ｄ的培养,初步得 出：三角褐指藻对婆罗异剑水蚤适宜的浓度为２０×１０~４～５０×１０~４ｃｅｌｌ／ｍｌ;在４种单胞藻中, 等鞭金藻（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ　ｓｐ．）效果最好,扁藻（Ｐｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓ　ｈｅｌｇｏｌａｎｄｉｃａ）次之,小球藻（Ｃｈｌｏｒｅｌｌａ　ｓｐ．）最 差;几种单胞藻混合喂养婆罗异剑水蚤,其群体增殖效果总体上比单种藻类喂养来得显著。 还就不同浓度的藻类及不同种藻类单独或混合喂养对婆罗异剑水蚤群体增殖的影响进行 讨论。     

贝类育苗中单胞藻培养技术的探讨

１合理控制单胞藻培育水体与育苗水体之比例１．１亲贝促熟培养时期在亲贝蓄养时，饵料培养水体应为亲贝培育水体１倍以上，才能满足其需求，后期为１．２～１．５倍，开始为０．８倍。１．２幼虫时期一般单胞藻水体为育苗水体的１／２，前期低些，投附着基后高些。２贝类不同发育期选择不同的单胞藻２．１亲贝培育阶段应选择繁殖快，易培养，对亲贝发育有利的种类，如新月菱形藻（Ｎｉｔｚｓｃｈｉａｃｌｏｓｔｅｉｕｍ）、三角褐指藻（Ｐｈａｅｃｄａｃｔｙｌｕｍ　ｔｒｉｃｏｒｎｕｔｕｍＢｏｈｌｉｎ），等鞭藻３０１１（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙ…     

室内外培养海洋单细胞微藻的生长及生化组分

利用现有的螺旋灌培养基地,初步尝试了对海洋单细胞微藻（球等鞭金藻Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｇａｌｂａｎａ）的大规模室外培养,研究了藻细胞在室内外不同培养条件下的生长规律,并对其生化成分进行了分析,发现实验藻种对培养条件表现出一定的适应性。在室外条件下,细胞内脂类、蛋白质的含量都有较大的下降,分别从细胞干后的１７．０４５％和４．４１２％下降为９．７４６％和２．２５４％。与此同时,细胞内糖类含量却大大增加     

大珠母贝Pinctada maxima（Jameson）亲贝人工促熟培养与诱导排放精？…

用亚心形扁藻Ｐｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓ ｓｕｂｃｏｒｄｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ,湛江等鞭藻Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｚｈａｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ及某些配合饲料培育大珠母贝ｐｉｎｃｔａｄａ ｍａｘｉｍａ（Ｊａｍｅｓｏｎ）亲贝,可以促进性尕发育成熟并保持易于诱导排放状态。在需要进行人工育苗时,给亲贝以一定的刺激,即可诱导产卵精。彩这种方法进行大珠母贝人工育苗,受精率和成活率都比剖贝取卵授精的方法高。而且不用杀死大珠母贝亲     

11种微藻脂类和EPA／DHA组成的研究

研究了１１种微藻在可比较的条件下,其生物量、总脂含量和多不饱和脂肪酸（ＥＰＡ／ＤＨＡ）有组成。结果表明：卡德藻（Ｔｅｔｒａｓｅｌｍｉｓ ｓｐ．）的生物量最大,细胞干重可达０．１４０ｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）;南极冰藻（Ｂｅｒｋｅｌｅｙａ ｒｕｔｉｌａｎｓ）次之,可达０．０７４ｇ／（Ｌ．ｄ）。以叉鞭金藻（Ｄｉｃｒａｔｅｒｉａ ｉｎｏｒｎａｔａ）和球等鞭金藻（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓ ｇａｌｂａｎａ）的总酯含量最高,     

稀土对球等鞭金藻生长的影响

于１９９５年８－１２月,利用单因子实验法,首次研究了混合稀土对球等鞭金藻（Ｉｓｏｃｈｒｙｓｉｓｇａｌｂａｎａ）生长繁殖的影响,结果表明,海水中稀土最佳浓度范围为１．６６－６．６０ｍｇ／Ｌ,细胞浓度和叶绿素含量分别提高１１．６％－２３．２％和１９．９％－４５．２％混合稀土加入浓度高于９．９ｍｇ／Ｌ对球等鞭金藻的生产产生抑制作用,稀土对球等鞭金藻生长的促进作用与其他营养盐类浓度有关,当细胞处于指数生长     

几种海洋蓝藻生长条件的研究

对Ｓｙｎｅｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓ ｂａｃｉｌｌａｒｉｓ，Ｏｓｃｉｌｌａｔｏｒｉａ ｌｕｄ，Ｓｃｈｉｚｏｔｈｒｉｘ ｃａｌｃｉｃｏｌａ，Ｓｐｉｒｕｌｉｎａ ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ等４各海洋蓝藻的生长条件的研究表明，除Ｓ．ｐｌａｔｅｎｓｉｓ外，其他３种蓝藻在“ｆ／２”培养基中生长良好，外源生长因子对生长有不同程度的促进作用。Ｓ．ｂａｃｉｌｌａｒｉｓ适应较高光强，其温度和ｐＨ最适范围较窄，Ｓ．ｃａｌｃｉｃｏｌａ     

有机锡对海洋微藻的生理效应 Ⅲ.三苯基锡和三丁基锡对金藻和扁藻呼吸作用的影响

研究了不同浓度（０．２、０．４、０．６、０．８、１．０μｇ／ｄｍ３）的三苯基氯化锡（ＴＰＴＣ）和三丁基氯化锡（ＴＢＴＣ）在不同温度（１８、２０、２２、２６、２８℃）下，培养不同时间（１２、２４ｈ）对扁藻（Ｐｌａｔｙｍｏｎａｓｓｐ．）和湛江叉鞭金藻（Ｄｉｃｒａｔｅｒｉａｚｈａｎｊｉａｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ）呼吸作用的影响，指出温度越高，２种有机锡的毒性越大；培养时间不同，２种藻呼吸速率发生不同的变化；扁藻对有机锡的耐受力大于金藻。     

虾头几丁质酶的研究

用中国对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ虾头经处理制得几丁质酶酶液，再经抽提、沉淀和精制几丁质亲和层析，纯化倍数达１０８倍，比活３４４ＩｍＵ·ｍｇ－１蛋白质。用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳鉴定其纯度，测得分子量为４４７００，等电点为４．５，最适ｐＨ为５，最适温度５５℃。本法简单易行，可应用于大规模生产中。     

虾头透明质酸酶的研究

以中国对虾Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ虾头经处理，得到虾头透明质酸酶酶液，再经沉淀、硫酸铵反抽提、ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素提取和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－７５凝胶层析。纯化倍数达７２０倍，比活８４０ｕ·ｍｇ－１蛋白。该酶最适ｐＨ为４．５，最适温度为５０℃。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.