滇东南构造岩浆带花岗岩体的含矿性探讨

滇东南构造岩浆带燕山期花岗岩构成了个旧及薄竹山—老君山两个同源岩浆演化系列,两系列平行演化并控制了锡多金属矿床的形成。本文从数理统计方面,对各岩体尤其是尚未发现的锡多金属矿床的岩体的含矿性进行评价,认为神仙水与白沙冲两岩体有希望找到具有工业价值的锡多金属矿床。     

青海省都兰小卧龙锡、铁、钨多金属矿地质特征及找矿标志

小卧龙锡铁钨多金属矿床产于下古生界奥陶-志留系滩涧山群与酸性侵入岩之间的矽卡岩接触带中,含矿矽卡岩带总体呈NE向展布。矿床由38条铁矿体和29条锡多金属矿体组成。锡铁钨多金属矿可划分为矽卡岩期、石英-硫化物和表生期三个成矿期。矿体具有上铁下锡,东铁西锡的分布特征。根据矿床特征和矿体的空间分布规律预测深部岩体锡多金属矿的找矿前景良好,围岩中注意寻找云英岩型和石英脉型锡多金属矿。     

含锡花岗岩外带的银铅多金属矿床地质特征

滇东南与滇西锡矿带内，与隐伏或出露的含锡花岗岩有关的芦塘坝、龙树脚、白牛厂、坝脚及滇西大矿山、洞沧老厂等银铅多金属矿床，在成矿特征、矿石矿物组合、伴生元素等有极大的相似性，称为含锡花岗岩外带型银铅多金属矿床，是一种新的银矿类型。     

南岭某些与锡多金属矿床有关的花岗岩体的稀土元素地球化学及其成因

南岭地区锡多金属矿床是由锡、铜、铅、锌、金、银(有时伴有铁、钨、钼)等成矿元素组合而成的,它分布比较广泛,是区内最重要的锡矿矿床类型。该类型矿床,与由钨、锡、铌、钽、铍(稀土)等成矿元素组合的矿床一样,常与酸性花岗岩体伴生在一起,因而长期以来中外许多矿床学家一直认为硅铝壳富锡带深熔作用形成的含锡花岗岩浆是原生锡矿(包括锡多金属矿床)的唯一来源。即其成因上与陆壳改造型(系列I、S型)花岗岩有关。本文根据区内与锡多金属矿床有关的花岗岩体的地质-地球化学特征的研究,并运用岩石中稀土元素定量模式的计算,首次提出区内与锡多金属矿床有关的花岗岩体是下部地壳玄武-安山质岩石和少量硅铝质岩石部分熔融,再经一定程度分离结晶作用演化后派生的酸性岩浆的产物。     

湖南锡田锡钨多金属矿床岩体地球化学与成矿作用研究

<正>湖南锡田锡钨多金属矿床位于湖南省东南部与江西省交界处,地处华夏地块北部诸广山-万洋山隆起的北端,紧邻钦杭缝合带南侧,属于南岭锡钨多金属矿带的北部。沿钦杭缝合带及其两侧分布着柿竹园、香花岭、荷花坪、瑶岗仙、黄沙坪、芙蓉、姑婆山、新田岭、珊瑚等多处大型-超大型规模的钨锡铅锌多金属矿田(床)。多个大型矿床的分布与南岭区域广泛分布的花岗岩有密切关系,与锡田锡钨多金属矿床成矿密切相关的便是矿区内的锡田岩体。     

芙蓉锡多金属矿床矿石矿物化学特征

芙蓉锡多金属矿床地处著名的华南东西向钨锡成矿带中段北缘,地处炎陵-郴州-蓝山北东向基底构造岩浆岩带和郴州-邵阳北西向构造岩浆岩带的交汇部位,是新近发现的与A型花岗岩具有成因联系的超大型锡矿床.     

含铍条纹状蚀变岩在发现界牌岭锡多金属隐伏矿床中的找矿意义

界牌岭锡多金属矿床是一个大型隐伏矿床，找矿工作采用了化探次生晕、原生晕、地质调查等多种方法和手段。含敛条纹状蚀变岩的发现在找矿预测中起到了致关重要的作用，为找矿工作开拓了新的思路．     

含铍条纹状蚀变岩在发现界牌岭锡多金属隐伏矿床中的找矿意义

界牌岭锡多金属矿床是一个大型隐伏矿床,找矿工作采用了化探次生晕、原生晕、地质调查等多种方法和手段.含铍条纹状蚀变岩的发现在找矿预测中起到了致关重要的作用,为找矿工作开拓了新的思路.     

大厂长坡锡多金属矿床成因刍议

广西大厂是我国著名的有色金属矿产资源基地。大厂矿田内锡多金属矿床的成因问题,历来为人们所关注。多数地质工作者认为:锡多金属矿床是花岗岩成因的;矿床属于与酸性岩浆活动有关的高—中温热液矿床,锡等成矿物质主要来源于燕山期龙箱盖花岗岩岩体。 1983年以来,笔者通过对大厂矿田特大型锡多金属矿床——长坡矿床详细研究后发现,按地质产状和矿物组合可将该矿床划分为两种矿化类型,即层状含锡硫化物矿化和脉状锡石-硫化物矿化。这两类矿化不仅发育特征差异明显,而且成矿时间也不同。层状含锡硫化物矿化具有典型的同生沉积特征,形成时间较早;脉状锡石-硫化物矿化则具有热液矿床的地质特征,形成时间较晚。然而,两类矿化间又存在着极     

湘桂粤赣地区锡多金属矿床综合预测研究的进展

本期论文的刊出,由编辑部组织中国有色金属工业总公司矿产地质研究院《七五》科技攻关重点项目的专题组同志,撰写了”湘桂粤赣地区锡多金属矿床综合预测研究”项目的一组科技论文.主要内容有含锡花岗岩类地质地球化学研究,锡多金属矿床地质综合研究,锡矿床实验包裹体地质研究,典型锡多金属矿区研究,锡多金属矿床地球化     

个旧矿区高松矿田锡多金属矿床找矿效果的浅析

个旧矿区高松矿田是一个以层间氧化矿床为主，深部有接触蒂矽卡岩型硫化物矿床产出，为锡、铅、银富集程度较高的锡多金属矿田，其中层间氧化矿床是目前云南锡业集团公司松树脚锡矿地质找矿的主要对象．以高松矿田为例，对区内矿床的产出特征、找矿方法进行了分析、评述，同时对提高找矿效果的途径提出了认识。     

Weathering of the zinc-lead lode, Dugald River, northwest Queensland: I. the gossan profile

Oxidation of the relatively iron sulfide-poor Dugald River zinc-lead lode in northwest Queensland and reaction of the acid solutions with carbonate has resulted in an undifferentiated gossan profile. The gossan is composed predominantly of quartz, goethite, hematite, barite, adularia, plumbian jarosite, plumbogummite and minor mica, chlorite, kaolinite and montmorillonite. Barite and adularia are formed by the breakdown of the barium feldspar hyalophane (K, Na, Ba)[(Al, Si)₄O₈] which occurs in the lode.Lead in the gossan is contained within the secondary minerals plumbogummite and plumbian jarosite, and in traces of anglesite and cerussite, whereas Zn occurs in the barite, secondary lead minerals and coronadite structures, and is adsorbed by iron oxides, phyllosilicates and carbonaceous matter. Only traces of zinc minerals smithsonite, goslarite and hemimorphite were detected.Use of Gresens' general metasomatic equation has enabled quantitative determination of compositional changes resulting from the oxidation of the ore. Silicon, Al, Ti and Ba are essentially immobile under the mildly acidic oxidizing conditions. In decreasing order of mobility Cd, Ca, S, Na, K, Mn, Mg, Zn, Ni and Cu, together with CO₂ and Tl, have been leached from the gossan profile, while Ag, Sb, Se, As, Fe and Pb appear to have been added to the gossan, notably in a zone of solution-deposited secondary minerals where they have been concentrated, possibly as a result of leaching from the surface gossan.     

Mineralogical evolution of the Las Cruces gossan cap (Iberian Pyrite Belt): From subaerial to underground conditions

The Las Cruces VMS deposit is located at the eastern corner of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (SW Spain) and is overlain by the Neogene–Quaternary sediments of the Guadalquivir foreland Basin. The deposit is currently exploited from an open pit by Cobre Las Cruces S.A., being the supergene Cu-enriched zone the present mined resource. The Las Cruces orebody is composed of a polymetallic massive sulfide orebody, a Cu-rich stockwork and an overlying supergene profile that includes a Cu-rich secondary ore (initial reserves of 17.6 Mt @ 6.2% Cu) and a gossan cap (initial reserves of 3.6 Mt @ 3.3% Pb, 2.5 g/t Au, and 56.3 g/t Ag).The mineralogy of the Las Cruces weathering profile has been studied in this work. Textural relationships, mineral chemistry, deposition order of the minerals and genesis of the Las Cruces gossan are described and discussed in detail. A complex mineral assemblage composed by the following minerals has been determined: carbonates such as siderite, calcite and cerussite; Fe-sulfides including pyrite, marcasite, greigite and pyrrhotite; Pb–Sb sulfides and sulfosalts like galena, stibnite, fulöppite, plagionite, boulangerite, plumosite, and the jordanite–geocronite series, Ag–Hg–Sb sulfides and sulfosalts including miargyrite, pyrargyrite, sternbergite, acanthite, freibergite, cinnabar, Ag–Au–Hg amalgams; and Bi–Pb–Bi sulfides and sulfosalts such as bismuthinite, galenobismutite, others unidentified Bi–Pb-sulfosalts, native Bi and unidentified Fe–Pb–Sb-sulfosalts. Remains of the former oxidized assemblage appear as relicts comprised of hematite and goethite.Combining paragenetic information, textures and mineral chemistry it has been possible to derive a sequence of events for the Las Cruces gossan generation and subsequent evolution. In that sense, the small amount of Fe-oxyhydroxides and their relict textures replaced by carbonates and sulfides suggest that the gossan was generated under changing physico-chemical conditions. It is proposed that the Las Cruces current gossan represents the modified residue of a former gossan mineralization where prolonged weathering led to dissolution and leaching out of highly mobile elements and oxidation of the primary sulfides. Later, the gossan was subject to seawater-gossan interaction and then buried beneath a carbonated-rich cover. The basinal fluids-gossan interaction and the equilibration of fluids with the carbonated sediments brought to the carbonatization and sulfidation of the gossan, and thus to the generation of Fe-carbonates and Pb–Sb-sulfides.The Las Cruces mineral system likely represents a new category within the weathering class of ore deposits.     

木里新山铁帽地质特征及其原生铜矿床远景预测

木里新山在地质构造上处于扬子地台西缘推覆弧形构造带上的一个穹窿中,地表出露有许多褐铁矿体,规模很大。本文认为这些铁帽由原生铜矿床氧化形成,且与李伍铜矿具有相同的成矿地质环境和类似的矿床地质特征,预测铁帽的下部,可能存在一中至大型的原生铜矿床。     

大兴安岭南段锡的成矿作用：以黄岗-甘珠尔庙地区为例

大兴安岭南段是我国重要的锡多金属成矿集中区,为促进区域锡多金属找矿突破,以在黄岗-甘珠尔庙地区多年的野外调查研究工作为基础,运用年代学测试、化学分析及地质模型等方法,分析了区域锡的成矿作用。认为二叠统基底地层及锡林郭勒杂岩是成矿物质的初始来源,经历的变质过程具有进一步富集的作用,大部分锡矿均遭受了多期次的火山-岩浆活动,最终决定锡多金属成矿的是燕山期酸性岩浆-热液成矿作用。同时成矿作用还受到控岩控矿构造、围岩性质、氧化-还原条件、开放-封闭环境的制约,认为在氧化性花岗岩浆侵入钙质地层条件下成矿作用以铁锡为主;还原性岩浆在侵入具开放性特征的围岩时,成矿作用以花岗岩外带围岩中的热液型脉状锡矿为主,而在侵入具封闭性特征的围岩时,成矿作用以花岗岩内带岩浆凸起部位的花岗岩型锡矿为主。因此,建议将主攻矿种由铅锌调整为锡银,部署重砂及化探方法圈定异常,针对硫化矿体部署电法,针对隐伏岩体部署磁法与重力,还可部署烃、汞、氧气测量等非常规化探方法预测隐伏岩体。     

湖南香花岭矿田一号锡多金属矿化带空间几何学的研究

香花岭矿田一号锡多金属矿化带中矿体与花岗岩体空间关系的统计研究发现：最有利于锡多金属矿体定位的空间条件是控矿断层与岩体交线上方１６０米左右范围的构造空间；相对较大和稳定的成矿温度场和较开放的环境是锡多金属矿体富集的重要物理化学条件。     

Geology and Origin of Supergene Ore at the Lavrion Pb-Ag-Zn Deposit, Attica, Greece

The Lavrion carbonate-hosted Pb-Ag-Zn deposit in southeast Attica, Greece, consisted of significant non-sulfide ore bodies. The polymetallic sulfide mineralization was subjected to supergene oxidation, giving rise to gossan. The principal non-sulfide minerals of past economic importance were smithsonite, goethite and hematite. The supergene mineral assemblages occupy secondary open spaces and occur as replacement pods within marble. Calamine and iron ore mainly filled open fractures. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of samples of oxidized ore indicate complex gossan mineralogy depending on the hypogene mineralogy, the degree of oxidation and leaching of elements, and the local hydrologic conditions. Bulk chemical analysis of the samples indicated high ore-grade variability of the supergene mineralization. On multivariate cluster analysis of geochemical data the elements were classified into groups providing evidence for their differential mobilization during dissolution, transport and re-precipitation. The mode of occurrence, textures, mineralogy and geochemistry of the non-sulfide mineralization confirm that it is undoubtedly of supergene origin: the product of influx into open fractures in the country rock of highly acidic, metal-rich water resulting from the oxidation of pyrite-rich sulfide protore. Dissolution of carbonates led to opening of the fractures. Mineral deposition in the supergene ore took place under near-neutral to mildly acidic conditions. The supergene dissolution and re-precipitation of Fe and Zn in the host marble increased metal grades and separated iron and zinc from lead, thereby producing economically attractive deposits; it further contributed to minimization of pollution impact on both soil and ground water.     

云南镇康地区铅锌多金属矿成矿规律

镇康地区位于西南"三江"成矿带南段,是云南省重要的铅锌铁铜多金属矿矿集区之一。区内以铅锌矿为主,次为铁、锡,伴生铜、银;已发现超大型铅锌矿1个,中型铅锌矿3个,小型锡矿1个。文章认为区内的寒武系沙河厂组、核桃坪组及保山组碳酸盐岩地层和奥陶系是本区重要的赋矿层位,铅锌多金属矿床受构造控制明显,多分布在区域褶皱核部断裂带上,往往与夕卡岩型铁矿及夕卡岩体相伴,且产于花岗岩体与围岩接触带上。因此,区内的磁异常及区域低重力场中的次级重力高异常是寻找铅锌多金属矿的主要标志,而铅、锌、铜、银等元素的化探异常及重砂异常范围可指示铅锌矿的存在区域。     

Supergene features and evolution of gossans capping massive sulphide deposits in the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Twelve massive sulphide deposits from the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB) show well-preserved iron caps, some of which were mined during the last century to recover precious metals (e.g., Tharsis, Rio Tinto, San Miguel). Field observations and correlation assays between the distinct mineral sequences at different deposits suggest that all the gossans were developed under similar conditions and have undergone the same geological events. All the gossans have a mushroom-like morphology in sharp contact with the underlying massive sulphide orebodies. In most cases these are located over an apparent supergene enrichment zone rich in secondary sulphides. Some gossans extend into tongues of alluvial heterolithic breccias consisting of eroded transported gossans displaced as far as several hundred meters away from their sources. The distribution of major minerals throughout the gossan profiles (goethite, hematite, quartz and jarosite) and the statistical analysis of the geochemical data distinguish three separate zones, with gradual contacts roughly parallel to the current topography: (1) the lower zone dominated by goethite and subordinate jarosite, with significant enrichment in S, As, P, Pb, Sn, Sb, Ag and Au; (2) the middle or principal zone dominated by goethite and lacking jarosite, which is depleted in S, and As, as well as heavy and precious metals; and (3) the upper zone near the surface, mainly composed of hematite and quartz with only weak anomalies in P, Pb and Sn. The origin and variations occurred in the profiles are explained by a three-stage process. This involves an initial acidic stage of gossan development centred on the oxidation of sulphides that lead to the formation of the first Fe-rich oxyhydroxides and sulphates (mainly goethite and jarosite, respectively). Over time, a progressive stage of maturity is reached progressively downwards through the gossan profile due to the intensification of the oxidation and leaching processes. The ongoing gossan formation produced alteration and reprecipitation of pre-existing oxyhydroxides, the loss of the majority of the previously sorbed heavy metals, and a major dilution of trace elements especially in the zones near the surface. The main results of this stage of formation are the production of heavy metal-depleted oxyhydroxides, most commonly goethite and hematite, and the disappearance of jarosite. Subsequently, local uplift of the gossanous rocks by neotectonic movements facilitated the rejuvenation of the oxidation of the ores. This final stage complicated the previously developed zonation with the formation of jarosite in mature areas. Possible major breaks in this gossan development ocurred in Messinian times (7–8 Ma) and at the beginning of the Early Quaternary (1–2 Ma?).     

The Teutonic Bore deposit,Western Australia: a lead isotope study of an ore and its gossan

The Teutonic Bore deposit occurs in an Archaean greenstone belt within the Eastern Goldfields Province of the Yilgarn Block in Western Australia. The ore is hosted by basaltic rocks and consists of a conformable massive sulfide lens underlain by a thick zone of pyritic stringer ore. The zone of oxidation reaches a depth of 90–100 m with the development of secondary copper sulfides. The lead isotopic compositions of six samples of massive sulfide, three mineral separates from the ore and eight gossan samples collected from the open cut were determined by standard mass-spectrometric techniques. Four of the massive sulfide samples, all three mineral separates and seven of the eight gossan samples have lead isotopic compositions identical to each other, within experimental error. These results confirm the findings of earlier studies that the lead isotopic signature of a massive sulfide ore is transferred to its gossan, and provide additional data suggesting the usefulness of lead isotopic determinations in ore prospect evaluation. The Teutonic Bore leads plot below the average global lead evolution curves for the uranogenic isotopes ²⁰⁶Pb and ²⁰⁷Pb, suggesting that the lead in the ore contains a significant mantle component. This feature of the isotopic data is consistent with the idea of a mantle plume origin of the Eastern Goldfields greenstone belts.