共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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中太平洋海盆多金属结核分布及其与CC区中国多金属结核开辟区多金属结核特征对比 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在综合分析航次调查资料的基础上,总结了中太平洋海盆多金属结核的矿产资源特征与分布规律,并与CC区中国多金属结核开辟区结核特征进行对比。结果发现:CP区多金属结核以S型水成成因为主,具有较高的丰度与覆盖率,但品位较低;而CC区结核S型(西区)、S+R型、R型(东区)三者均有,以混合成因和成岩成因为主,尽管丰度、覆盖率稍低,但品位较高。多金属结核中锰相矿物差异、表层沉积物类型及南极底流的影响是造成两区多金属结核差异的主要因素。 相似文献
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中国多金属结核开辟区的深海环境 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
阐述了中国多金属结核开辟区深海环境的水文、生物和化学特征。开辟区海域水柱由表层混合层、温跃层、海底温跃层和海底边界层等不同水层构成,整个海域水动力条件总体上较为缓慢,但也存在着周期性的水流速度大于15cm/s的海底风暴;区内海底生态系统的显著特点是极低的生产力和生物过程速率,但生物多样性极高;整个区域内表层沉积物分布较均一,以低有机含量的硅质粘土、深海软泥为主,其化学组成上受沉积环境和早期成岩作用的影响和控制。 相似文献
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利用 1 997年~ 1 999年“大洋一号”调查船在中国多金属结核开辟区用邦哥网所采集的样品 ,对仔稚鱼的种类组成、密度的平面分布和年间变化及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :中国开辟区共有 2 2科 6 1种仔稚鱼 ,其中大洋性发光鱼类灯笼鱼科的种类最多 ,达1 7种 ,约占总种类数的 2 8% ,其次是钻光鱼科 (6种 )、金枪鱼科 (6种 )和拟白鲑科 (5种 ) ,分别约占总种类数的 1 0 %、 1 0 %和 8%。东、西两区的种类组成有较大的差异 ,共有种仅为 1 7种 ,东区种类数 (48种 )明显多于西区种类数 (3 0种 )。仔稚鱼的密度有明显的空间和时间变化 ,东区仔稚鱼的密度高于西区 ,东区 1 999年仔稚鱼的密度约为 1 997年的 5倍 ,西区 1 999年仔稚鱼的密度约为 1 998年的 3倍。仔稚鱼密度的年间变化可能与 El Nino事件有关 相似文献
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本文采用生长波动率这个新的概念和指标,研究多金属结核生长过程中生长速率的变化规律,提取结核壳层中的古环境信息,重建结核生长历史。研究结果表明:多金属结核生长具有多阶段,多成因的特点,生长速率的波动是古环境变化的反映。 相似文献
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试论大洋多金属结核的金属物质来源 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
孔祥瑞 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1989,9(1):63-73
研究多金属结核的金属物质来源对认识多金属结核的生成和分布具有重要意义.本文初步认为:大陆径流、洋底热液活动为深海多金属结核提供的金属物质可能是有限的,而玄武岩类火山物质的海解作用则可能是深海多金属结核的主要物质来源. 相似文献
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多金属结核瞬时生长速率及其意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文用X射线荧光光谱分析,沿结核壳层的生长方向逐点扫描测定铁锰含量,计算结核壳层的瞬时生长速率,划分结核壳层的生长阶段,计算各生长阶段的生长速率,并在结构壳层中建立高分辨率的时间标尺,重建多金属结核生长历史。 相似文献
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The past 20 years have been characterised by limited interest in the economic viability of deep seabed mining with the exception of those mineral ores rich in precious metals such as polymetallic sulphides. This paper goes against the tide. After reviewing the most significant literature, it compares the economic feasibility of mining polymetallic manganese nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts in a scenario of mutual exclusivity. It uses a new indicator, the cobalt-nickel price ratio, whose aim is to verify at what metal prices the net present value of the two mining projects equalises. Previous research has shown that the turning margin between manganese nodules and cobalt crusts is a cobalt price of $50/kg. The present paper revises this by showing that the choice between mining crust and nodules depends on fluctuations in the price of nickel. A Monte Carlo simulation proves that cobalt crust mining could be reasonably preferred to manganese nodules at cobalt prices of $40-60/kg if the price of nickel fell below $11/kg. Within this condition, investors would receive the minimum acceptable internal rate of return of 15%, which is at a level of risk closer to the land-based mining. However, when the price of nickel passes the $11/kg threshold, the equilibrium between the two ventures can be reached only at a cobalt price greater than $100/kg, causing cobalt crust to become uncompetitive. Finally, the paper, recognising that prices are not unique drivers, introduces legal, political, technological and environmental concerns to show that the final choice between the two mining ventures cannot be merely driven by economic issues. 相似文献
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Ranadhir Mukhopadhyay Sankalp Naik Shawn De Souza Ozinta Dias Sridhar D Iyer Anil K Ghosh 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(7):845-851
AbstractBecause of ever-growing demand for strategic metals, the focus of the international community has fallen on deep sea manganese nodules occurring at a water depth of more than 4500?m. We present an economic appraisal and strategy for mining of nodules from the Indian Ocean Nodule Field- one of the four economically potential areas in the world oceans. In contrast to the prevailing perception of non-viability of nodule mining, our analysis indicates a fair degree of economic feasibility and commercial sustainability to mine the deep-sea manganese nodules. 相似文献
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运用分形理论,通过建立不同的相空间,计算了东太平洋多金属结核中的铁、锰元素的时间序列在各相空间中的关联分维,并与其在沉积物岩心中的关联分维进行了对比.通过研究发现,多金属结核中铁、锰元素和沉积物中Fe2O3及MnO在分形演化过程中均存在分维吸引子,认为沉积物中的Fe2O3和MnO可以用3个变量来描述,它们可能代表了火山、生物和陆地的三种来源,而描述结核中的铁、锰元素却需要14个变量,反映多金属结核中铁、锰元素的来源和/或赋存非常复杂,至少有14个因素在起作用,可能暗示了结核在形成过程中存在复杂的生物化学作用,为多金属结核的生物成因提供了间接的数学证据,同时也合理解释了结核生长结构所具有的自相似韵律现象. 相似文献
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L. Gromoll 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(4):361-379
A total of 843 samples of Pacific Ocean polymetallic nodules (PNs) from five survey areas have been studied (metals analyzed: Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn, Pb). The statistical analysis included the following techniques: factor R analysis, quick cluster Q analysis into 50 preclasses, various hierarchical cluster Q analyses (HCAs) using the preclasses (application of different HCAs to an identical set of data and of an identical HCA to two different subsets of the data), comparison of the HCA. The PNs of the survey areas can be grouped into five geochemical types (I‐V). The genesis of the PNs was interpreted as early diagenetic, hydrogenetic, and mixed (early diagenetic/hydrogenetic and hydrogenetic/hydrothermal. In addition, some further conclusions regarding the applicability of various HCA techniques depending on the structure of the data set have been drawn. 相似文献
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Under the impression of decreasing ore grades and increasing production costs in conventional mining, seafloor minerals came into focus. Having gained a basic understanding of geological settings, there is still a lack of tools to assess and plan future mining projects in the deep-sea. This paper contributes to a mining concept which is inspired by the high-tech farming industry: strip mining. Potential mining fields are identified using image filters in conjunction with hydroacoustic backscatter data and slope angles and are portioned into long, narrow strips. In the framework of the EU-funded Blue Mining project, these methods were applied to a part of the eastern German exploration area, located in the manganese nodule belt of the Clarion Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean. Both, the mapping technique and the mining concept presented in this paper can be used in early-stage feasibility studies to derive estimates on production key figures for seafloor manganese nodule mining. 相似文献
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通过对西盘古海盆(Cipangu Basin)15个锰结核样品开展系统的形态结构、显微构造、矿物组成、常微量元素和稀土元素含量特征差异性研究,进而探讨该区锰结核的成因类型和生长机制。西盘古海盆锰结核外观为椭球状或连生体状,表面光滑,组成矿物主要有水羟锰矿、石英、钙长石和石盐;其稀土元素配分模式图表现出明显的Ce正异常、Y负异常和轻稀土富集特征。样品Mn/Fe比值均<2.5,与Ni、Cu正相关,且Mn与Cu、Co和Ni高度正相关,这表明因Cu2+、Ni2+、Co2+更易占据层板结构锰氧八面体MnO6的空位而在锰矿物表面富集。锰结核显微构造区域可划分为Type-Ⅰ型和Type-Ⅱ型,其中Type-Ⅰ型为结构致密高反射率的层纹状、柱状、叠层状构造的显微构造区域,Type-Ⅱ型为结构疏松低反射率的掌状、混杂状、环状构造的显微构造区域;Type-Ⅰ型区域的Mn/Fe比值和Ni、Ni + Cu、Co含量均高于Type-Ⅱ型区域。构造致密的Type-Ⅰ型区域代表沉积环境变化较小,生长速率较小;构造疏松的Type-Ⅱ型区域代表沉积环境剧烈变化、结核生长速率较大。西盘古海盆锰结核具有典型的水成型成因特征,通过常微量元素测试数据估算得出西盘古海盆锰结核样品的形成时间为1.48 Ma。据微区分析数据估算得出其生长年龄为2.44 Ma。 相似文献