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1.
阿坝州饮水中硒和氟元素与大骨节病关系研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过测定阿坝州四个大骨节病县饮用水中微量元素硒、氟的含量情况,探讨大骨节病与饮用水硒与氟元素的相关关系,为防治大骨节病提供科学依据。采集阿坝州病区与非病区水样,测定其中硒、氟元素含量,并运用SPSS17.0软件对测定结果进行分析统计。研究表明:阿坝州饮用水中硒、氟元素平均含量为0.47 ug/L~2.32ug/L,0.08 mg/L~0.38 mg/L,病区饮用水中硒、氟与非病区有明显差异(t分别是2.12,3.26,p<0.01),病区硒、氟元素与大骨节患病率之间有明显负相关关系。阿坝州大骨节饮用水中硒元素和氟均与大骨节病有密切关系,建议除进行必需的补硒措施防治大骨病以外,还应该辅助性的增加水氟含量已保证人体需要。 相似文献
2.
Kaveh Pazand Ardeshir Hezarkhani Yousef Ghanbari Nasrin Aghavali 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(3):871-879
The chemical analysis of 59 water wells in Meshkinshar area, Ardabil province NW of IRAN has been evaluated to determine the
hydrogeochemical processes and ion concentration background in the region. The dominated hydrochemical types are Na–SO4, Ca–HCO3, Na–HCO3 and Na–Cl in the whole area. Based on the total hardness, the groundwater is soft. According to electrical conductivity and
sodium adsorption ratio, the most dominant classes are C1–S1, C2–S1 and C3–S1. The major ion concentrations are below the
acceptable level for drinking water. The groundwater salinity hazard is medium to high but the Na hazard is low to medium
and in regard of irrigation water the quality is low to medium. So the drainage system is necessary to avoid the increase
of toxic salt concentrations. 相似文献
3.
通过采集我国大骨节病重病区四川省红原县病区作为饮用水源的地表水和地下水样37件,并测试其水化学成分.结果表明:病区饮用水水化学特征以低矿化度的重碳酸钙型水为主,其补给来源主要为冰雪融水和大气降水.病区饮用水化学组分中Se、Zn元素呈现富集特征,Sr、Ba、F元素处于贫乏状态.利用SPSS软件分析发现饮用不同水源间患病率有显著差异,饮用地表水较地下水更容易患病,并结合因子分析方法进一步解释了大骨节发病机理与饮用水中Ca、SO4、Sr、F4种元素的质量浓度密切相关,水中这4种元素组分的质量浓度越低,大骨节的患病率就越高. 相似文献
4.
Hydrochemistry and quality assessment of groundwater in part of NOIDA metropolitan city,Uttar Pradesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abhay Kumar Singh B. K. Tewary A. Sinha 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(6):523-540
An attempt has been made to study the groundwater geochemistry in part of the NOIDA metropolitan city and assessing the hydrogeochemical
processes controlling the water composition and its suitability for drinking and irrigation uses. The analytical results show
that Na and Ca are the major cations and HCO3 and Cl are the major anions in this water. The higher ratios of Na+K/TZ+ (0.2–0.7), Ca+Mg/HCO3 (0.8–6.1); good correlation between Ca-Mg (0.75), Ca-Na (0.77), Mg-Na (0.96); low ratio of Ca+Mg/Na+K (1.6), Ca/Na (1.03),
Mg/Na (0.64), HCO3/Na (1.05) along with negative correlation of HCO3 with Ca and Mg signify silicate weathering with limited contribution from carbonate dissolution. The hydro-geochemical study
of the area reveals that many parameters are exceeding the desirable limits and quality of the potable water has deteriorated
to a large extent at many sites. High concentrations of TDS, Na, Cl, SO4, Fe, Mn, Pb and Ni indicate anthropogenic impact on groundwater quality and demand regional water quality investigation and
integrated water management strategy. SAR, %Na, PI and Mg-hazard values show that water is of good to permissible quality
and can be used for irrigation. However, higher salinity and boron concentration restrict its suitability for irrigation uses
at many sites. 相似文献
5.
Chemical characteristics of groundwater in parts of mountainous region, Alvand, Hamadan, Iran 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Mohsen Jalali 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):433-446
Eighty-seven groundwater samples have been collected from a mountainous region (Alvand, Iran) for hydrochemical investigations to understand the sources of dissolved ions and assess the chemical quality of the groundwater. Most water quality parameters are within World Health Organization acceptable limits set for drinking water. The least mineralized water is found closest to the main recharge zones and the salinity of water increased towards the north of the basin. The most prevalent water type is Ca–HCO3 followed by water types Ca–NO3, Ca–Cl, Ca–SO4 and Mg–HCO3. The Ca–NO3 water type is associated with high nitrate pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities were associated with elevated level of NO3−. Mineral dissolution/weathering of evaporites dominates the major element hydrochemistry of the area. Chemical properties of groundwater in Alvand region are controlled both by natural geochemical processes and anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
6.
Environmental geochemistry and quality assessment of mine water of Jharia coalfield,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Abhay Kumar Singh M. K. Mahato B. Neogi B. K. Tewary A. Sinha 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(1):49-65
A long mining history and unscientific exploitation of Jharia coalfield caused many environmental problems including water
resource depletion and contamination. A geochemical study of mine water in the Jharia coalfield has been undertaken to assess
its quality and suitability for domestic, industrial and irrigation uses. For this purpose, 92 mine water samples collected
from different mining areas of Jharia coalfield were analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), anions (F−, Cl−, HCO3
−, SO4
2−, NO3
−), dissolved silica (H4SiO4) and trace metals. The pH of the analysed mine water samples varied from 6.2 to 8.6, indicating mildly acidic to alkaline
nature. Concentration of TDS varied from 437 to 1,593 mg L−1 and spatial differences in TDS values reflect the variation in lithology, surface activities and hydrological regime prevailing
in the region. SO4
2− and HCO3
− are dominant in the anion and Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the cation chemistry of mine water. High concentrations of SO4
2− in the mine water of the area are attributed to the oxidative weathering of pyrites. Ca–Mg–SO4 and Ca–Mg–HCO3 are the dominant hydrochemical facies. The drinking water quality assessment indicates that number of mine water samples
have high TDS, total hardness and SO4
2− concentrations and needs treatment before its utilization. Concentrations of some trace metals (Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb) were also
found to be above the desirable levels recommended for drinking water. The mine water is good to permissible quality and suitable
for irrigation in most cases. However, higher salinity, residual sodium carbonate and Mg-ratio restrict its suitability for
irrigation at some sites. 相似文献
7.
Benony K. Kortatsi Collins K. Tay Geophrey Anornu Ebenezer Hayford Grace A. Dartey 《Environmental Geology》2008,53(8):1651-1662
Alumino-silicate mineral dissolution, cation exchange, reductive dissolution of hematite and goethite, oxidation of pyrite
and arsenopyrite are processes that influence groundwater quality in the Offin Basin. The main aim of this study was to characterise
groundwater and delineate relevant water–rock interactions that control the evolution of water quality in Offin Basin, a major
gold mining area in Ghana. Boreholes, dug wells, springs and mine drainage samples were analysed for major ions, minor and
trace elements. Major ion study results show that the groundwater is, principally, Ca–Mg–HCO3 or Na–Mg–Ca–HCO3 in character, mildly acidic and low in conductivity. Groundwater acidification is principally due to natural biogeochemical
processes. Though acidic, the groundwater has positive acid neutralising potential provided by the dissolution of alumino-silicates
and mafic rocks. Trace elements’ loading (except arsenic and iron) of groundwater is generally low. Reductive dissolution
of iron minerals in the presence of organic matter is responsible for high-iron concentration in areas underlain by granitoids.
Elsewhere pyrite and arsenopyrite oxidation is the plausible process for iron and arsenic mobilisation. Approximately 19 and
46% of the boreholes have arsenic and iron concentrations exceeding the WHO’s (Guidelines for drinking water quality. Final
task group meeting. WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva, 2004) maximum acceptable limits of 10 μg l−1 and 0.3 mg l−1, for drinking water. 相似文献
8.
Shahid Naseem Pazeer Ahmed Syeda Sadia Shamim Erum Bashir 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1831-1838
This paper is an attempt to study the geochemistry of Akra Kaur Dam (AKD) water, north of Gwadar city, southern Balochistan. Representative water samples were collected from AKD reservoir to assess the suitability of water for drinking and agriculture purposes. The major ionic composition is suggestive for freshwater. The average ionic composition demonstrate SO4 > Ca > Na > Cl > HCO3 > Mg > K. The plots on Piper diagram reflected Ca–Mg–SO4 type of water facies. High Ca/SO4 and Ca/Mg ratios revealed that the water has influence of gypsum dissolution. The negative ratio of chloro-alkaline indices indicated reverse exchange between Ca and Mg in water occurred with Na and K in rocks. The pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved salts, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, Cl and SO4 concentrations in the dam water were below the permissible limit, however, Na and SO4 were above the desirable limit, set by the World Health Organization. Important parameters such as residue sodium carbonate, sodium percent, sodium adsorption ratio, permeability index, magnesium content and Kelley’s ratio were calculated to evaluate the suitability of water for irrigation purpose. The result were compared with standard permissible limits and found satisfactory. The health and agriculture hazards of sulphate-bearing water were also discussed. 相似文献
9.
The aim of this study was to identify the complex hydrogeological and hydrochemistry conditions of Damt region, through determining
hydrochemical properties of groundwater in the study area. According to the results of hydrochemical analyses, sampled waters
can be divided into three groups: cold, thermal, and mixed waters. Thermal waters in the area are characterized by Na–HCO3, while the cold waters by CaHCO3 facies. HCO3 indiscriminate cation and/or Na-indiscriminate anion are present in many places in the region and indicate generally mixing
water. Only three villages with dental fluorosis observed using water elevated in F− for drinking. Agricultural and liquid waste disposal are the main sources of pollution, leads to increase of Na, Cl, NO3, Cd, and Iron. The groundwater flow is from north, northwest, and northeast to the south. Within this regional trend, structural
controlling groundwater flow along Wadis and it flows from upper reaches of tributaries toward the main channel, then downward
to the south of the study area. The similarity of TDS and Cl concentration at Qa’a Al Haql and Al Nadirah between aquifers
indicates hydraulic continuity between alluvial and the underlying volcanic, while at Damt no hydraulic continuity found between
alluvial, volcanic and Sandstone aquifers. The temporal variation shows slight decrease in the concentration of nitrate and
sulfate of thermal water indicating previously high gas content of nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide in the thermal active region.
The developed conceptual model of water circulation indicates flood waters infiltrate slowly through the wadi bottoms in the
East where Sandstone aquifer outcrops. These waters flow westward, following the westerly dip of the Sandstone through the
effects of gravity, gains heat and dissolve materials as it comes in contact with the numerous dykes, which are the feeders
to the overlying volcanoes and sputter cones. All thermal water samples from Damt region fall into immature water field in
NA–K–Mg diagram. Therefore, the results obtained from the cation geothermometers should be taken into account as doubtful. 相似文献
10.
Groundwater samples were collected from 25 sampling sites of the Oropos–Kalamos basin aiming to describe the groundwater quality
in relation to geology, lithology and anthropogenic activities of the study area. Chromium speciation analysis, factor analysis,
GIS database and geochemical data proved successful tools for the identification of natural and anthropogenic factors controlling
the geochemical data variability and for the identification of the redox couple controlling Cr speciation. A Durov diagram
is used to classify groundwater quality into five types: Ca–HCO3, Mg–HCO3, Na–Cl, Mg–Cl and Ca–Cl. The groundwater quality of Oropos–Kalamos is influenced by various natural and anthropogenic factors.
Evaluation of water quality for drinking and irrigation purposes is discussed. 相似文献
11.
The source of fluoride toxicity in Muteh area,Isfahan, Iran 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Behnam Keshavarzi Farid Moore Ali Esmaeili Fatemeh Rastmanesh 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2010,61(4):777-786
Endemic dental fluorosis has been observed in most inhabitants of three villages of Muteh area, located in northwest of Isfahan
province, with mottled enamel related to high levels of fluoride in drinking water (1.8–2.2 ppm). Forty-seven groundwater
samples from six villages were collected and fluoride concentrations along with physico-chemical parameters were analyzed.
Fluoride concentration in this area varies from 0.2 to 9.2 mg/l with highest fluoride level at Muteh gold mine (Chahkhatun
mine). Fluoride concentration positively correlates with pH and HCO3
− indicating that alkaline pH provides a suitable condition for leaching of fluoride from surrounding rocks. The district is
mainly covered by three lithological units, namely, metamorphic and granite rocks, alluvial sediments, and carbonate rocks.
Factor analysis shows that parameters can be classified into four components: electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved
solids (TDS), Cl−, Na+ and K+, pH and F−, SO4
2−and Mg2+, HCO3
− and Ca2
+. The groundwaters from the three geological units were compared using Mann–Whitney U test. The order of median fluoride concentration is: metamorphic and granite rocks > alluvial sediments > carbonate rocks.
Hence, the fluoride content is most probably related to fluoride-bearing minerals such as amphibole and mica group minerals
in metamorphic and granitic rocks. The concentration of fluoride in drinking water wells located near the metamorphic complex
in Muteh area is above 2 ppm. 相似文献
12.
A study on hydrochemical characteristics of surface and sub-surface water in and around Perumal Lake,Cuddalore district,Tamil Nadu,South India 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
M. V. Prasanna S. Chidambaram T. V. Gireesh T. V. Jabir Ali 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2011,63(1):31-47
Hydrogeochemical investigations are carried out in and around Perumal Lake, Cuddalore district, South India in order to assess
its suitability in relation to domestic and agricultural uses. The water samples (surface water = 16; groundwater = 12) were
analyzed for various physicochemical attributes like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), chloride (Cl−), bicarbonate (HCO3
−), sulfate (SO4
2−), phosphate (PO4), silica (H4SiO4) and total dissolved solids (TDS). Major hydrochemical facies were identified using Piper trilinear diagram. Hydrogeochemical
processes controlling the water chemistry are water–rock interaction rather than evaporation and precipitation. Interpretation
of isotopic signatures reveals that groundwater samples recharged by meteoric water with few water–rock interactions. A comparison
of water quality in relation to drinking water quality standard proves that the surface water samples are suitable for drinking
purpose, whereas groundwater in some areas exceeds the permissible limit. Various determinants such as sodium absorption ratio
(SAR), percent sodium (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and permeability index (PI) revealed that most of the samples
are suitable for irrigation. 相似文献
13.
A baseline study involving analyses of surface and subsurface water samples from the Akpabuyo area was carried out in order
to assess their suitability for drinking, domestic and agricultural purposes. Study results show that the waters are acidic
(3.41≤pH≤6.28), soft (hardness 2.09–10.68 mg/l as CaCO3), fresh (conductivity <1400 μs/cm) and characterised by low sodium adsorption ratio, SAR (0.08–0.59). In addition, the mean
values of the major cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+) and anions (SO4
2–, Cl–, HCO3
–) are all within the World Health Organisation (WHO) standards. Taking all this into consideration (except pH), the waters
may be regarded as excellent for drinking, domestic and agricultural purposes. On the basis of regression equations, the major
cations (K, Na, Ca, Mg) correlate well with conductivity. Finally, results also show that four chemical facies are delineated.
These include Ca-Cl, Na-Cl, Ca-SO4 and Ca-HCO3.
Received: 19 June 1996 / Accepted: 15 April 1997 相似文献
14.
Erik Espinosa María Aurora Armienta Olivia Cruz Alejandra Aguayo Nora Ceniceros 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(7):1467-1477
High arsenic (As) groundwater is widely distributed in northwestern Hetao Plain, an arid region with sluggish groundwater
flow. Observed As concentration in groundwater from wells ranges from 76 to 1,093 μg/l. Most water samples have high total
dissolved solids, with Cl and HCO3 as the dominant anions and Na as the dominant cation. The major hydrochemical types of most saline groundwaters are Na–Mg–Cl–HCO3 and Na–Mg–Cl. By contrast, fresh groundwaters generally belong to the Na–Mg–HCO3 type. High concentrations of arsenic in shallow aquifers are associated with strongly reducing conditions, as evidenced by
high concentrations of dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, as well as dissolved sulfide and Fe, dominance of arsenite, relatively
low concentrations of nitrate and sulfate, and occasionally high content of dissolved methane (CH4). High As groundwaters from different places at Hetao Plain experienced different redox processes. Fluoride is also present
in high As groundwater, ranging between 0.40 and 3.36 mg/l. Although fluorosis poses an additional health problem in the region,
it does not correlate well with As in spatial distribution. Geochemical analysis indicates that evapotranspiration is an important
process controlling the enrichment of Na and Cl, as well as trace elements such as As, B, and Br in groundwater.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
15.
M. A. Halim R. K. Majumder S. A. Nessa K. Oda Y. Hiroshiro B. B. Saha S. M. Hassain Sk. A. Latif M. A. Islam K. Jinno 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(1):73-84
An integrated study has been carried out to elucidate the distribution and occurrence of arsenic in selected groundwater samples
in the area of Sherajdikhan, Bangladesh. Arsenic and other parameters (T, pH, EC, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, NO3
−, SO4
2−, HCO3
−, PO4
3−, Fe, Mn and DOC) have been measured in groundwater samples collected from shallow/deep tube wells at different depths. Hydrogeochemical
data suggest that the groundwaters are generally Ca–Mg–HCO3 and Mg–Ca–HCO3 types with bicarbonate (HCO3
−) as the dominant anion, though the other type of water has also been observed. Dissolved arsenic in groundwater ranged from
0.006 to 0.461 mg/l, with 69% groundwater samples exceeded the Bangladesh limit for safe drinking water (0.05 mg/l). Correlation
and principal component analysis have been performed to find out possible relationships among the examined parameters in groundwater.
Low concentrations of NO3
− and SO4
2−, and high concentrations of DOC, HCO3
− and PO4
3− indicate the reducing condition of subsurface aquifer where sediments are deposited with abundant organic matter. Distinct
relationship of As with Fe and Mn, and strong correlation with DOC suggests that the biodegradation of organic matter along
with reductive dissolution of Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides has being considered the dominant process to release As in the aquifers
studied herein. 相似文献
16.
This paper presents a study on Manasbal lake, which is one of the high altitude lakes in the Kashmir Valley, India. Eighteen
water samples were analysed for major ions and trace elements to assess the variability of water quality of the lake for various
purposes. Geostatistics, the theory of regionalized variables, was then used to enhance the dataset and estimate some missing
spatial values. Results indicated that the concentration of major ions in the water samples in winter was higher than in summer.
The scatter diagrams suggested the dominance of alkaline earths over the alkali elements. Three types of water were identified
in the lake that are referred to as Ca–HCO3, Mg–HCO3 and hybrid types. The lake water was found to be controlled by rock–water interaction with carbonate lithology as a dominant
source of the solutes. The major (Ca2 + , Mg2 + , Na + , K + , NO3 and HCO3-{\rm{HCO}}_{3}^{-}, CO3 and Cl) and trace elements of the lake water were within the World Health Organization standards, therefore the lake water
was considered chemically safe for drinking purposes. Although NO3 concentration (ranging from 1.72 to 2 mg/L), is within the permissible limit and not very alarming, the gradually increasing
trend is not acceptable. It is however, important to guard its spatio-temporal variability as the water is used for domestic
as well as agricultural purposes. This study is significant as hydrogeological information on such high altitude lakes in
India is scanty. 相似文献
17.
Hydrogeological and mixing process of waters in aquifers in arid regions: a case study in San Luis Potosi Valley,Mexico 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. A. Ramos-Leal V. J. Martínez-Ruiz J. R. Rangel-Mendez M. C. Alfaro de la Torre 《Environmental Geology》2007,53(2):325-337
The climatic conditions of arid regions are characterized by high temperatures, low precipitation and high evapotranspiration
rates that can explain the reduced recharge of aquifers. Thus, in these regions, there are some problems related to the groundwater
quality and recharge that makes worse the problem of groundwater supply. A model, taking into account ternary mixtures, is
presented and applied to a case study: the aquifer of San Luis Potosi valley located in the highlands of the central part
of Mexico. In this valley, four hydrochemical facies were identified that correspond to the Ca–Na + K–HCO3, Na + K–Ca–HCO3, Ca–HCO3 and Ca–SO4 types. From this characterization, it was found out that the recharge area (known as Bledos Graben) is located at the SE
of the valley; the deep water flow comes from there (Villa de Reyes and Alvarez Range) to the center of the valley. Mixture
fractions were obtained by using chlorides and fluorides as conservative elements, from which it was possible to quantify
the contribution of each member to the groundwater quality. According to these results, the contributions to the water extracted
from this aquifer are as follows: shallow flows 50%, deep flows from Villa de Reyes 27%, and flows coming from the Alvarez
Ranges about 15%. 相似文献
18.
Geochemical processes controlling the spatial distribution of selenium in soil and water,west central South Dakota,USA 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Selenium (Se) is essential in the human diet, but has a low threshold for toxic concentration. It is recommended that nutrients
such as Se should be consumed through foods as part of a normal diet. Se concentrations in crops and meat depend on the amount
of labile Se in the soil where crops and forage are grown. Therefore, managing agriculture for optimal Se in grain crops and
forage requires an understanding of the distribution and mobility of Se. Elevated concentrations of Se occur in waters, soils,
and forage 120 km west of Pierre in west central South Dakota, USA. The research site lies in an elevated, dissected plain
where soils developed on gently dipping Pierre Shale. Soils were sampled along catena transects and waters collected from
soil, ponds, and shallow borings in areas of known elevated forage and crop Se. Soil extracts from saturated-paste extraction
and acid (aqua regia and hydrofluoric acid) extraction were analyzed. Selenate was the dominant Se species in both acid and
saturated-paste extracts; selenite and organic Se were below detection (<0.2 ppb) in the same soil extracts. On average, 98% of soil Se was not water-soluble. The distribution of total Se shows much less spatial variation than water-soluble
Se in the areas sampled. Se shows correlation with organic carbon in soils and waters, suggesting its association with organic
carbon. Ca shows some correlation to Se in acid extracts, but not in saturated-paste extracts or in waters. Total Se shows
no significant correlation to Na, Mg, and total S in the soils. Se in saturated-paste extracts and water samples shows good
correlations with Na, Mg, and SO4, suggesting that evaporitic Na–Mg–sulfate minerals may temporarily concentrate water-soluble Se in shallow soils. The dissolution
and precipitation of these Na–Mg–sulfate salts together with pH and oxidation–reduction conditions apparently control water-soluble
Se distribution and mobilization in shallow subsurface environments. 相似文献
19.
为了从水环境的角度阐述大骨节病的成因机制, 以大骨节病高发的四川省若尔盖县为研究区, 系统采集了作为饮用水源的地下水和地表水样38件, 测试了其化学成分, 发现水中的常规组分和微量组分都偏低, 且饮用地表水较地下水更容易患病.通过水化学特征分析, 表明水环境中多种组分含量异常是导致病发的重要因素, 并从水动力和水化学方面解释了其组分含量异常的原因.采用因子分析的方法, 结合当地的区域水文地质条件, 进一步揭示了大骨节病发生机制与饮用水中P、F、Se和Mn 4种组分的含量密切相关, 饮用水中这4种组分含量越低, 大骨节病的发病率就越高. 相似文献
20.
Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater and its suitability in the intensive agricultural area of Muzaffarnagar district,Uttar Pradesh,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Muzaffarnagar is an economically rich district situated in the most fertile plains of two great rivers Ganga and Yamuna in
the Indo-gangetic plains, with agricultural land irrigated by both surface water as well as groundwater. An investigation
has been carried out to understand the hydrochemistry of the groundwater and its suitability for irrigation uses. Groundwater
in the study area is neutral to moderately alkaline in nature. Chemistry of groundwater suggests that alkaline earths (Ca + Mg)
significantly exceed the alkalis (Na + K) and weak acids exceed the strong acids (Cl + SO4), suggesting the dominance of carbonate weathering followed by silicate weathering. Majority of the groundwater samples (62%)
posses Ca–Mg–HCO3 type of hydrochemical species, followed by Ca–Na–Mg–HCO3, Na–Ca–Mg–HCO3, Ca–Mg–Na–HCO3–Cl and Na–Ca–HCO3–SO4 types. A positive high correlation (r
2 = 0.928) between Na and Cl suggests that the salinity of groundwater is due to intermixing of two or more groundwater bodies
with different hydrochemical compositions. Barring a few locations, most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation
uses. Chemical fertilizers, sugar factories and anthropogenic activities are contributing to the sulphate and chloride concentrations
in the groundwater of the study area. Overexploitation of aquifers induced multi componential mixing of groundwater with agricultural
return flow waters is responsible for generating groundwater of various compositions in its lateral extent. 相似文献