引力透镜效应:对宇宙中致密天体分布的一个可能限制

具有光度函数谱指数陡于-2的背景光源(如类星体、seyfert星系核等)将会由于宇宙中的致密天体引力透镜效应的增亮而优先进入观测样本。而目前观测中并未明显展示出这一特征,从而暗示:宇宙中能引起类星体透镜增亮效应的天体(M>0.01M)其密度是很低的,达些致密天体不足以构成暗物质的主要候选者而使宇宙封闭。     

红外背景的畸变

本文研究了引力透镜和富星系团在宇宙中作为一种分布,对红外背景畸变的统计效应。其中包括富系团的热电子对红外背景畸变的Sunyaev-Zel’dovich效应,以及引力透镜对红外背景畸变的引力效应。本文给出了z=4范围内的红外背景的总畸变,其结果是:Sunyaev-Zel’-dovich效应为:(△T_r)/T_r～10~(-2)—10~(-3),纯引力效应为(△T_r)/T_r～10~(-3)—10~(-4)。     

利用数值模拟方法对类星体-星系团引力透镜成因的再考察

利用星系团形成的数值模拟技术所得到的星系团以及大尺度结构,本文研究了星系团和其周围环境物质的引力透镜效应对背景类星体计数的影响,以期解释最近观测到的类星体星系团成协现象．然而,得到的结果却是：用星系团及所遵循的大尺度结构的引力透镜效应,不能解释所观测到的类星体数密度．这与解析方法所得结论一致．分析表明：目前所观测到的类星体与星系团成协,如果不是统计涨落,则无法用引力透镜效应来解释。     

K_(ING)星系与类星体的引力透镜统计特性

本文以King模型去描述星系的引力透镜行为,把已知类星体作为光源,从统计上计算了引力透镜类星体对与其像间分离的关系。结果表明,星系的透镜行为不仅能解释全部透镜事例,而且可以揭示出星系的某些统计参数,如星系的最大质量、平均半径、平均核半径及质光比。宇宙中星系质量密度因子,Ω_g,亦可从中求得。     

跟类星体红移宇宙学解释相符合的证据

分析类星体吸收线红移和发射线红移的特征。我们从Hewitt和Burbidge ( 1 993 )的星表中选择了吸收线红移和发射线红移都同时提供的类星体 ,得到了包含 4 0 1个对象的样本。这是至今对类星体红移研究的最大样本。我们从吸收线红移和发射线红移之间的关系图发现绝大多数 ( 93 .6% )对象的吸收线红移都小于相应的发射线红移。这个结论人们在 2 0世纪 70年代已经从很小的类星体样本 (样本大小 50左右 )中得到。本文进一步支持了这个结论。它表明类星体红移确实是距离的指示器。这跟宇宙学对类星体红移的解释是一致的     

类星体吸收线红移的研究

在此工作中,分析了一个类星体样本的吸收线红移和发射线红移之间的关系。结果表明这两类红移之间存在显著的相关。主要结论:a)反常吸收线红移的主要部分是宇宙学红移;b)吸收体相对于类星体的运动是弱的;c)结果表明产生这些反常吸收线红移的吸收体位于类星体寄主星系或者类星体内部并且朝着类星体运动。     

具有哈勃流的相对论抛射运动学(II)15个超光速源解的应用

研究超光速运动的要点是求出正喷流和反喷流的多普勒因子．在传统方法中，反喷流的方向取为正喷流的反方向，其流速相等．正确的方法是先从由局部抛射和哈勃流组成的正喷流中，用狭义相对论的合速公式分解出局部抛射速度，然后从哈勃流和反方向的局部抛射速度导出反喷流的速度和方向．这就是本文所求出的结果．本文的主要目的是比较用传统方法和本文方法所得的反喷流的多普勒因子的值．最后解得１５个超光速源，其结果显示传统方法所得的反喷流多普勒因子的值，除以红移ｚ的函数，ｆ（ｚ）＝１．０１０ｚ２＋１．９９２ｚ＋０．９９３，就得到本文所得的反喷流多普勒因子的值；在ｚ＝０．０５６９－２．３６７范围内，上式的标准误差为０００８２８．应用本文方法，若有足够多的超光速和亚光速源的数据，有可能提供测定哈勃常数Ｈ０和在活动类星体中寻找蓝移吸收线．     

利用弱引力透镜效应的尖峰和尺度-尺度相关统计区分暗能量模型

为了研究不同宇宙学模型下弱引力透镜效应的性质,利用N-体模拟产生的数据,通过光线追踪技术,生成二维的κ样本.对应于不同的暗能量状态方程参数的模型,即w=-0.8,w=-1.0,w=-1.2,生成了3组样本.对于这些模型所生成的样本视场均为3°×3°,并假设所有作为背景源的星系都分布在z=1处的平面上.对这些κ场的样本均进行了尖峰统计和尺度-尺度相关的统计.对尖峰的统计结果显示,包含噪声的κ场中尖峰分布在不同模型下的差别还是存在的.噪声改变了中等幅值和小幅值的尖峰分布,而对高幅值的尖峰分布影响不大.同时降噪后κ场中高幅值尖峰分布的结果表明,降噪后不同模型间高幅值尖峰分布的差别还是非常明显的.对于尺度-尺度相关统计,分析了不同模型的尺度-尺度相关系数的累积概率分布函数,w=-1.2的模型与w=-0.8和w=-1.0的模型的差别能达到20%和30%.因此尺度-尺度相关的统计结合尖峰数目的统计,可以做为确定暗能量状态参数的一种新的手段.     

快速旋转致密天体的平衡位形及其引力效应

本文用Harrison-Wheeler物态方程,通过“自洽场方法”,对Einstein场方程和广义相对论流体静力学平衡方程作数值求解,研究了快速旋转致密天体的平衡位形及其某些引力效应。结果表明:其平衡位形是扁的旋转椭球,当角速度大于3.0×10~2/秒时,偏心率和天体质量随角速度的增加而迅速增大,在极限情况下,偏心率可达0.7,质量增大可达10％—35％;旋转引起的天体表面引力红移的差异,光线顺逆旋转方向通过天体表面时的偏转角差异都是相当显著的。     

The Gravitational Effects of a Celestial Body with Magnetic Charge and Moment

The gravitational effects (precession of charge-less particles and deflec-tion of light)in the gravitational field of a celestial body with magnetic charge and moment(CM)are investigated.We found that the magnetic charge always weak-ens the pure Schwarzschild effects,while the magnetic dipole moment deforms the effects in a more complicated way.     

Discriminating Dark Energy Models by Statistics of the Peak Count and Scale-scale Correlation of Weak Gravitational Lensing

In order to study the weak gravitational lensing effect under different cosmologicalmodels, the 2-dimensional κ-field samples are generated by using the ray-tracing method with high-resolution N-body simulation data. These samples correspond to three models with different parameters of dark-energy equation of state, i.e., ω = −0.8, ω = −1.0 and ω = −1.2, and have the same field of view of 3° × 3°. It is assumed that all galaxies, as background sources, are distributed on the plane of z = 1. The statistics of peak count and scale-scale correlation are performed on these samples. The statistical result of peak counts indicates that in the noisy κ field, some differences of peak distributions exist among various models. The noise has changed the distributions of the peaks with medium and low amplitudes, but has nearly no effect on high-amplitude peaks. However, after denoising the differences of high-amplitude peak distributions among various models become very clear. For the statistics of scale-scale correlation, the cumulative probability distribution functions of scale-scale correlation coefficients of different models are analyzed. It is found that the differences between the model of ω = −1.2 and the models of ω = −1.0 and ω = −0.8 can reach 20% and 30%, respectively. Hence the statistics of scale-scale correlation combining with the statistics of peak count can be taken as a new method to determine the dark energy equation-of-state parameter.     

Abell 851: Are we looking at the beginning of a merging process?

We present an XMM observation of the moderately distant (z=0.41)galaxy cluster CL 0939+4713 (Abell 851), an exceptionally rich cluster. The formation and evolution of clusters depends sensitively on cosmological parameters like the mean matter density in the universe Ο_m. Therefore it is important to determine the dynamical state of clusters at different redshifts, i.e. at different evolutionary states. The X-ray morphology alone is not the best indicator of the dynamical state, but it should be complemented with all other information available, e.g. the temperature map or the galaxy distribution. The combination of all findings gives a detailed picture of the state of a cluster. This analysis, of this relatively distant cluster, can be used as a basis for comparisons at lower and higher redshifts. The capability of XMM to perform spatially resolved spectroscopy can be used also to determine the distribution of the metal abundances. Not only the overall value of metallicity but also its spatial distribution gives important indications on the metal enrichment processes. The X-ray image shows pronounced substructure. There are two main subclusters which have also some internal structure. This is an indication that the cluster is a dynamically young system. This conclusion is supported by the temperature distribution: a hot region is found between the two main subclusters indicating that the cluster is in the process of a major merger, in which the two subclusters will probably collide in a few hundreds of Myr. The intra-cluster gas of CL 0939+4713 shows variations of the metal abundances. The optically richer subcluster has a somewhat higher metallicity. This finding together with the absence of post-starburst galaxies in this region gives interesting hints on the metal enrichment processes favouring recent enrichment processes like ram-pressure stripping or tidal stripping. Throughout this paper we use H ₀ =50 km s^-1Mpc^-1 and q ₀ =0.5; all errors are 90% confidence levels. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

太阳活动区磁场观测的一种新方法

在太阳活动区的物理研究中,特别是在二维动力学光谱分析中,迫切需要相应活动区的磁图资料。本文介绍了在太阳光谱仪的入射狭缝后安装一种新型偏振器进行活动区二维磁场观测的新方法。这种方法不仅能获得日面上任一点的磁场强度,且可快速获得活动区的纵向场磁图。除此之外,还可利用多条谱线的同时观测,获得有关磁力线管结构等方面的资料。     

Gravitational instability in a system of particles with mass spectrum

We investigate the conditions under which a self-gravitating system of particles of different masses may be gravitationally unstable if there is a systematic correlation between the random velocity of a particle and its mass. For an isotropic uniform medium without rotation but with mass spectrum and velocity depending on the particle mass, a situation arises where the Jeans length for such a system may be significantly smaller than for the case when some mean values are used instead of mass and velocity spectra. For a differentially rotating medium, representing a spiral galaxy, we obtain the analogue of the Toomre parameter for a heterogeneous (multi-component) system. We demonstrate that the gas system in spirals represented by an ensemble of giant molecular clouds may be considerably less stable in the case of random velocity–mass correlation than for a system with unique velocity dispersion.     

Crab脉冲星巨脉冲辐射等待时间分布的非稳态泊松模拟

利用中国科学院新疆天文台南山观测站26m射电望远镜, 在中心频率1556MHz, 对Crab脉冲星(PSR B0531+21)进行了长达12.6h的连续观测, 观测带宽为512MHz, 时间分辨率为32μs, 研究了巨脉冲辐射的等待时间分布特征. 观测共探测到2097个信噪比大于10的巨脉冲, 对应的流量密度大于100Jy. 巨脉冲的爆发率表现为高度的间歇性, 在较短的时间内具有较高的爆发率, 在相对长的宁静期内巨脉冲的爆发率较低, 尤其是中间脉冲相位内的巨脉冲爆发. 相邻两个巨脉冲的等待时间分布表现为幂律分布特征, 可以用一个非稳态的泊松过程进行模拟, 这表明巨脉冲的爆发是一种独立的随机事件. 此外, 主脉冲和中间脉冲相位上的巨脉冲具有不同的等待时间分布特征, 这意味着脉冲星不同磁极的巨脉冲辐射机制可能是不同的. 这些观测结果对于理解脉冲星的射电辐射机制具有重要意义.     

Direct imaging with highly diluted apertures – II. Properties of the point spread function of a hypertelescope

In the future, optical stellar interferometers will provide true images thanks to larger number of telescopes and to advanced cophasing subsystems. These conditions are required to have sufficient resolution elements (resel) in the image and to provide direct images in the hypertelescope mode. It has already been shown that hypertelescopes provide snapshot images with a significant gain in sensitivity without inducing any loss of the useful field of view for direct imaging applications. This paper aims at studying the properties of the point spread functions of future large arrays using the hypertelescope mode. Numerical simulations have been performed and criteria have been defined to study the image properties. It is shown that the choice of the configuration of the array is a trade-off between the resolution, the halo level and the field of view. A regular pattern of the array of telescopes optimizes the image quality (low halo level and maximum encircled energy in the central peak), but decreases the useful field of view. Moreover, a non-redundant array is less sensitive to the space aliasing effect than a redundant array.     

疏散星团M67成员星的两点相关分析

对著名老年疏散星团M67的成员星进行了两点相关函数分析,讨论了团星的空间分布情况及质量分层现象.结果表明:M67成员星的两点相关函数能很好地用幂律形式来描述,其成员星在空间分布上具有显著的成团性和自相似性.对M67不同光度成员星两点自相关函数的分析表明,亮星相比暗星具有更强的相关强度和更大的相关指数,说明在星团内部出现了明显的空间质量分层现象,亮星比暗星具有更强的成团性和更大的中心聚度.不同光度成员星间两点交叉相关函数的分析进一步表明,不同光度成员星之间并没有表现出绝对的空间质量分层现象,亮星和暗星在空间分布上相互交织、相互渗透.     

在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应

介绍和论述了在后牛顿引力理论(PPN形式)中在优越参考系和非优越参考系中经过参数化后引力常数变化对地球自转产生的效应,其中特别重点介绍了年周期变化的效应。此外也将理论结果同观测结果相对比。