广东灾害天气历史个例库系统的设计与实现

介绍基于地理信息系统(GIS),用VC++开发的灾害天气历史个例库系统的开发与应用。系统实现了:1)灾害天气个例相关气象资料的收集整理、分类入库、查询检索。2)在具有GIS功能的平台上快速方便地浏览MICAPS数据、图片格式数据、数据库资料以及NetCDF、GRIB格式数据和转换的二进制数据。3)各级台站可以根据自身业务需求,定制个性化的灾害性天气历史个例库。     

基于MICAPS 4的灾害性天气历史个例库应用系统的设计与研发

为充分利用气象信息综合分析处理系统第4版(Meteorology Information Comprehensive Analysis Process System 4,MICAPS 4)强大的气象数据显示和分析能力,在.Net Framework 4.5框架下,利用C#开发语言和MySQL数据库,基于MICAPS 4二次开发接口,设计研发了山西省灾害性天气历史个例库应用系统,实现了历史个例库管理、历史个例和相似历史个例检索与资料分析、历史个例训练与考试模拟等应用功能。目前,该系统已经较好地应用于业务中。系统不仅可扩展程度高、本地化应用方便,而且业务实用性较强,具有较高的应用推广价值。本文从系统设计、开发、功能以及实现方法等方面给予详细介绍。     

基于MICAPS4的灾害性天气个例检索与训练系统设计及应用

基于气象信息综合分析处理系统(Meteorological Information Comprehensive Analysis and Processing System Version 4,MICAPS4),河北省气象台研发团队重新自主设计并开发出一套灾害性天气个例检索与训练系统。该系统通过对历史灾害性天气个例及其资料的整理与保存,实现了个例的检索、分析、训练、收集与管理等功能,解决了历史资料的积累与使用问题;同时,拓展了MICAPS系统的历史资料应用功能。该系统可用于灾害性天气预报预警业务、科研与预报员培训等方面,其可移植性强,具有较好的推广应用前景。     

海量气象数据计算处理及可视化在决策气象服务移动平台上的应用

针对高效智能的决策气象服务需求及海量气象数据在移动端应用瓶颈,国家气象中心气象大数据处理及网络应用团队设计研发了中央气象台决策气象服务移动平台,本文介绍了该平台服务器和移动终端总体结构,及其在气象实况监测、基于位置服务的精细化网格预报、预报预警、决策服务产品快速推送、灾害性天气智能提醒等方面的功能特点,并通过分布式实时计算处理框架、HTML5和移动GIS等关键技术实现了对海量气象数据高效处理计算、移动网络传输、网络服务、移动端实时渲染和交互操作等。该平台在国家、省级决策气象服务业务应用中运行稳定,在台风登陆、暴雨灾害、重大活动等气象服务保障中发挥了重要作用,为决策气象服务人员提供了基于位置服务的气象实况、预报预警、决策服务产品推送、灾害性天气智能提醒等综合服务功能,对建设智慧型气象服务系统具有重要意义。     

基于Silverlight的气象信息查询系统设计与应用

为减轻基层气象台站服务人员在气象数据统计分析方面的工作量,提高天气监测和预报服务核心能力,研究开发了基于B/S结构,通过具有RIA(Rich Internet Applications,富网络应用)特性的Silverlight框架,采用WebGIS技术的昆明市气象信息查询系统。系统实现了对预报服务所需实时地面观测数据、精细化预报产品和多普勒雷达回波产品等进行统计查询以及地理信息可视化显示。应用实践表明,系统在天气实况监测、临近预报与灾害性天气预警业务中为气象服务人员提供了直观的气象信息网络平台,为预报服务提供了科学、高效的技术支持。     

新一代天气雷达基数据管理与个例整编系统设计

针对目前短临预报业务及科研需求,开发了新一代天气雷达基数据管理与个例整编应用系统。该系统采用VC++60 编程语言和MSSQL Server 2008数据库开发技术对不同历史个例资料建立了相应的数据库,对基数据文件采取压缩后直接入库的方式,实现了省、市、县级天气预报人员、气象服务人员、人工影响天气业务人员和科研人员对基数据的实时高效查询和下载。系统提供了不同检索条件的查询与个例资料的实时查阅和实时、历史基数据和个例信息的下载功能。为各级天气预报人员更有效地开展短临预报业务提供了便捷,也为其他科研业务人员提供了详细和全面的观测数据支撑。投入业务运行一年来,效果良好,可以进一步推广应用。     

安顺市暴雨个例数据库应用系统的设计与实现

基于省—地—县气象光纤通信网,采用B/S软件体系结构,建立安顺市暴雨个例数据库应用系统,实现安顺市暴雨天气个例档案、各种物理量及历史灾情的显示与查询、统计与输出等功能。系统基于Web方式,所有程序运行在服务器端,用户端不用安装任何程序,各部分功能设计均结合实际需求。自投入业务运行以来,在本地预报业务、气象服务、科研与管理等方面发挥了重要作用,已成为一个实用性较强的业务服务支撑系统,有效提高了灾害性天气保障能力。     

基于“天擎”的沈阳智慧气象数据应用

基于气象大数据云平台（“天擎·辽宁”）的数据应用服务,结合JavaScripts、HTML,CSS、Echarts、Vue、高德API等Web技术和Meteoinfo、SpringBoot等后端框架技术,采用前后端分离开发模式,建立适用于沈阳市的智慧气象数据应用服务平台。平台通过数据可视化和数据产品叠加地理信息实现数据查询、天气监测和报警提醒,通过Meteoinfo库实现灾害性服务产品制作,通过Echartsjs和高德API技术实现不同气象要素图表信息分析和地理信息联动。平台投入业务应用以来,为沈阳市县两级气象业务应用和服务提供了数据支撑,提升了气象服务能力效率,具有应用推广价值。     

贵州省智能化决策气象服务平台简介

为适应不断变化的业务需求,贵州省气象台研发了智能化决策气象服务平台。该平台是基于国、省统一CIMISS数据环境下的集多功能于一体的综合性网页平台,不但实现日、候、旬、月和年等任意时段各气象要素、常规性及灾害性天气的多样化查询统计、图形制作与编辑、各类服务产品自动化制作及产品分发等功能,还提供了各类灾害性天气历史个例统计查询、历史同期对比、历史极值排序和距平对比分析等功能。系统的建成,使业务流程自动化程度提升,加强了省、地二级服务交流机制,且系统具有运行稳定、操作简单、界面美观、内容全面和易维护等特征。自平台投入业务运行后,明显提高了一线业务人员的工作效率,能快速向用户提供实时、准确的气象服务产品,为贵州省防灾减灾工作中提供了重要的技术支撑。     

基于单多普勒天气雷达产品的短时预报预警业务工作平台

以多普勒天气雷达产品和气象信息网络为依托,运用天气学、雷达气象学原理及计算机技术,集多种气象信息综合分析于一体,建成了具有信息自动采集与处理、语音及文字自动预警、短时预报产品制作、产品包装与决策服务、预报质量监控与评估、学习培训、业务技术总结、灾害性天气资料库、信息共享和在线帮助等多功能的短时预报预警业务系统与业务工作平台.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.