含澄江动物群地层的Pb-Pb同位素定年

对含澄江动物群的地层样品进行了Pb同位素定年研究.经测定未受风化作用影响的20个黑色页岩样品给出了534±60 Ma左右的Pb-Pb等时线年龄,应代表了澄江动物群的下限年龄.该年龄较以往采用Rb-Sr和40Ar-39Ar等定年方法所获得的年龄更为年轻.     

A New Vetulicolian from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Yunnan of China

The genus and species Yuyuanozoon magnificissimi gen. et sp. nov., a new fossil vetulicolian, is reported from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Yunnan of China. It has a bipartite body plan and five pairs of chain-formed gill sacs, showing the general characteristics of Ventulicolia. However, the exclusive "atrial cavity" and external gill observed indicate that the new form is different from those previously described as vetulicolians, probably representing a lineage developed within deuterostomes and more primitive than urochordates.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetallic Deposit, Yunnan Province, China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province, China, is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field. In addition to the 〉7000 t Ag reserves, the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb, Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements （In, Cd, Ge, Ga, etc.）. We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit. The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.758-18.537, 207pb/204pb = 15.175-15.862 and 206pb/204pb = 37.289-39.424, while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 17.264-18.359, 207pb/204pb = 14.843-15.683 and 208pb/204pb = 36.481-38.838, respectively. In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.224-18.700, 207pb/204pb -- 15.595-15.797 and 208pb/204pb -- 38.193-39.608. Then, in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field, we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as： 206pb/204pb -- 18.434-19.119, 207pb/204pb -- 15.644-15.693, and 208pb/204pb = 38.514-38.832. And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks, which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district, are 206pb/204pb = 18.307-19.206, 207pb/204pb = 15.622-15.809, and 208pb/204pb = 38.436-39.932. By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions, it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age, but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

Lead Isotopic Composition and Lead Source in the Bainiuchang Ag-polymetailic Deposit,Yunnan Province,China

The Bainiuchang deposit in Yunnan Province,China,is located geographically between the Gejiu ore field and the Dulong ore field.In addition to the>7000 t Ag reserves,the deposit also boasts of large-scale Pb,Zn and Sn reserves with a lot of dispersed elements(In,Cd,Ge,Ga,etc.).We have determined systematically the Pb isotope composition of the deposit.The Pb isotope ratios of the ores that are of sea-floor exhalative sedimentary origin in the northwest of the mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.758-18.537,~(207)pb/~(204)pb=15.175-15.862 and ~(208)pb/~(204)pb=37.289-39.424,while those of ores that are of magmatic hydrothermal superimposition origin in the southeast of the mining district, are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=17.264-18.359,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=14.843-15.683 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=36.481-38.838, respectively.In terms of the Pb isotope composition of feldspar in magmatic rocks or magmatic whole- rock samples from the mining district,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and acquired the Pb isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.224-18.700,~(207)Tpb/~(204)Pb=15.595-15.797 and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb= 38.193-39.608.Then,in the light of the Pb isotope composition of metamorphic rock samples from the Proterozoic basement exposed in the Dulong ore field,we have determined the Pb isotope composition and obtained the isotope ratios as:~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.434-19.119,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.644-15.693,and ~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.514-38.832.And the Pb isotope ratios of Cambrian sedimentary rocks,which are exposed in the Bainiuchang mining district,are ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.307-19.206,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb= 15.622-15.809,and ~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.436-39.932.By comparing the two types of ores with respect to their Pb isotope compositions,it is indicated that lead in the Bainiuchang deposit was derived largely from the lower-crust granulite which is earlier than Neoproterozoic in age,but the Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal fluids probably provided a part of ore-forming elements such as Sn for the ore blocks in the south of the mining district.     

澄江生物群分子在贵州遵义牛蹄塘组发现

澄江生物群是认识寒武纪生命大爆发的重要窗口,它的分布范围一直仅限于滇东地区,员近在贵州遵义松林牛蹄塘组底部页岩中发现有Naronia,Archotuba Conoidalis,Isaxys,Perpicaris,Lingulepis,Tsunyidiscus,Scenella,水母状化石(medusiform fossil),海绵动物化石Leptomitus,类似半索动物秆壁虫Rhabdopleura化石,软舌螺类Hyolithids,宏观藻类和疑源类化石Zunyiphyton perelegans Yang et Zhao,1999,Yuknessia sp.,Longenema Ding,1996,Sphaerocongregus variabilis等。其中有一部分是属于澄江生物群分子,这是云南省外澄江生物群分子的新发现。由于生物群之下40m处还产大量海绵动物、高肌虫和藻类化石等组成的松林生物群,其上又有下寒武统明心寺组古杯动物群,因此,这一生物群的发现对研究早寒武世生物的演化也具有一定的科学意义,同时,对澄江生物群的古生态学研究也具有重要意义。     

滇中易门地区新元古代澄江组凝灰岩锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

扬子西缘广泛出露的新元古代澄江组是一套与晋宁运动密切相关的沉积岩夹火山岩系,其形成时限对华南新元古代区域地层格架、地层划分对比及古大陆再造具有重要意义。出露于滇中易门地区的新元古代澄江组底部发育有厚数米的凝灰岩夹层,本次采集凝灰岩进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年研究,结果表明,锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄加权平均值为812±5.5Ma （n=17,MSWD=0.46）,可以代表滇中澄江组的底界年龄,从而进一步确定澄江组底界年龄为812Ma左右。此外,凝灰岩中捕获的锆石年龄信息指示扬子西缘可能存在2.5Ga、1.8～1.6Ga、1.5Ga、1.3Ga及1.0Ga等数期重要的区域构造-热事件。     

滇西地区下地壳铅同位素的组成及其意义

滇西地区新生代碱性侵入岩中广泛分布的麻粒岩包体可以代表该地区的下地壳岩石,为了确定滇西下地壳岩石的铅同位素组成,我们系统采集了该区碱性岩中的麻粒岩包体,挑选出其中的长石、石榴子石等造岩矿物,测定了其铅同位素组成,在Zartman等的铅构造演化模式图上,剔除个别异常的铅同位素组成,圈出投影于下地壳铅同位素演化趋势线上及附近的铅同位素分布范围,由此确定了该区下地壳的铅同位素组成的区域,并进一步结合作者先前确定的该区上地壳及上地幔铅同位素组成,构建了该区三维岩石圈铅同位素组成,并将这一结果用于滇西金顶超大型铅锌矿床的成矿物质来源的研究中,发现颇受争议的金顶铅锌矿床中的铅并非来自上地幔,而相当于下地壳来源的铅与兰坪盆地沉积岩铅二者的混合铅。     

滇中播卡铜矿床硫、铅同位素组成及其地质意义

滇中播卡铜矿床是著名"东川式"铜矿床的典型代表,但对其成矿物质来源和矿床成因认识存在争议。对矿区典型铜矿发育的金属硫化物进行硫和铅同位素组成分析,探讨其成矿物质来源。硫同位素测试结果表明,人占石铜矿金属硫化物的δ³⁴S值为1.6‰～10.7‰,指示硫以岩浆(火山喷发)作用为主要来源,并受到沉积作用影响。铅同位素测试结果则表明人占石铜矿、天生塘铜矿、竹箐凹子铜矿和白石岩铜矿中的铅主要来源于壳幔混合物质。综合前人研究和本次硫、铅同位素分析结果,认为播卡铜矿床成矿物质主要来自地幔,且受到地壳物质的混染。     

云南都龙锡锌矿区同位素年代学研究

笔者对云南都龙锡锌矿床以及与之相关的老君山花岗岩进行了系统的野外地质调查、成岩成矿年龄测试和岩石化学研究,探讨了成岩成矿时代、花岗岩与矿床的成因联系以及成岩成矿的构造环境.地球化学研究表明,老君山花岗岩普遍含有白云母,A/CNK＞ 1.1,K2O/Na2O＞1,碱质含量较高,镁、钙、钛等含量偏低,富集Th和U等,其主量和稀土元素含量以及稀土元素配分型式与矿区附近的片麻岩十分接近,属S型花岗岩.各类花岗岩的稀土元素和微量元素配分型式相似,暗示其为同源岩浆所形成.运用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法测得白云母花岗岩的年龄为(87.6±1.4) Ma～ (91.7±1.8) Ma,花岗斑岩为(87.3±2.1) Ma,二云母花岗岩为(84.3±2.2) Ma～(85.0±1.3) Ma;应用40Ar/39Ar法和Re-Os法分别测得矽卡岩中金云母1100～1400℃的40Ar/39Ar同位素加权平均年龄(WMPA)为(93.6±1.1) Ma,含锡钨石英脉云英岩化围岩中辉钼矿的模式年龄为(75.04±1.78) Ma～(79.16±2.43) Ma.根据花岗岩的产状和前人研究成果,将该区的岩浆侵入活动分为2期:早期(87.3±2.1) Ma～ (92.9±1.9) Ma,形成了白云母花岗岩及花岗斑岩;晚期(83.3±1.5) Ma～(85.0±1.3) Ma,形成了二云母花岗岩.与岩浆作用对应的成矿作用亦分为2期:早期(79.8±3.2) Ma～ (93.6±1.1)Ma,形成了与白云母花岗岩及花岗斑岩有关的矽卡岩型锡锌矿;晚期(75.04±1.78) Ma～(79.16±2.43) Ma,形成了与二云母花岗岩关系更密切的含锡钨石英脉.老君山花岗岩以及与之相关的锡锌钨矿是晚白垩世伸展构造环境下大规模花岗质岩浆-成矿作用的产物.     

New Occurrence of the Early Cambrian Chengjiang Fauna in Haikou, Kunming, Yunnan Province,and Study on Trilobitoidea

This paper gives a brief report on the new occurrence of the Early CambrianQiongzhusi' an Chengjiang fauna in the Haikou area, Kunming and its assemblage feature andthe stratigraphic section of the horizon yielding these fossils. Eight genera and 8 species ofTrilobitoidea are described here, embracing Leanchoilia asiatica Luo et Hu (sp. nov.), Yohoiasinensis Luo et Hu (sp. nov.), Zhongxinia speciosa Luo et Hu (gen. et sp. nov.), Xandarellaspectuculum Hou et al., Dianchia mirabilis Luo et Hu (gen. et sp. nov.), Kuamaia lata Hou,Retifacies longispinus Luo et Hu (sp. nov.) and Sinoburius lunaris Hou et al.     

滇中星云湖地区200年来的环境演化

在对星云湖的近现代沉积物进行粒度、稳定同位素等测试分析的基础上,综合对比了多项环境指标,并从自然变化和人为影响2个方面揭示湖泊环境演化的动态过程和动力学机制以及各环境要素的内在联系.研究表明该地区近200 a来环境及生态演化具有以下区域性特点:19世纪初期气候较为温暖干旱,之后向温凉湿润转变,20世纪80年代开始,湖泊出现富营养化,1998年以来气温处于回升状态,现在正处于暖干气候阶段,人类活动正在日益深刻地影响着湖泊的环境演化.     

云南金满、水泄铜多金属矿床的Ar-Ar同位素年代学及其地质意义

滇西北兰坪中新生代盆地西缘铜多金属成矿带受澜沧江断裂带控制,赋矿围岩为二叠系至第三系,主要由下二叠统经上三叠统到上侏罗统砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的碎屑岩建造、火山岩建造及含盐红色碎屑岩建造,矿体主要以脉状或透镜状产出。对该成矿带上的金满铜矿床和水泄铜(钴)矿床主成矿阶段的石英进行了^40Ar-^39Ar快中子活化法同位素地质年龄测定,获得坪年龄分别为56．7±1．0Ma和59．2±0．8Ma,且各自与对应的等时年龄在误差范围内完全一致,都可以代表矿石的形成年龄。综合已发表的有关兰坪盆地西缘及盆地内部铜、多金属矿床成岩成矿同位素年代学研究结果,表明两矿床与区域矿床具有一致的成矿时代,反映区域铜、多金属矿床均形成于喜马拉雅造山运动早期统一的地球动力学背景之下。     

吉林南部太古代花岗岩Sm—Nd,Rb—Sr同位素年龄测定

吉林南部太古代花岗质岩石经同位素年龄测定,英云闪长质片麻岩类的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时年龄为２４１７±１２１Ｍａ,Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ全岩等时年龄为２４１６±１２７Ｍａ,模式年龄为２８４０Ｍａ;辉石花岗岩类的Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ全岩等时年龄为２３４６±２３２Ｍａ,Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ全岩等时年龄为２４４０±１５９Ｍａ,模式年龄为２７８０Ｍａ。反映这些岩石都是在太古宙晚期形成的,并且是在较短的时间间隔内完成的,其模式年龄与华北地台太古宙主体地壳的形成时代一致。     

云南晋宁地区柳坝塘组凝灰岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄及其对晋宁运动的制约

云南晋宁地区柳坝塘组凝灰岩SHRIMP 锆石U-Pb年龄（890±9Ma、834±34Ma）和Hf同位素分析结果,有利于云南晋宁地区青白口系的年代定位,为中国南、北方青白口纪地层对比提供了可靠的同位素年龄数据。通过同位素年代学研究探讨昆阳群与八街群的关系,对比华南块体青白口系区域地层和构造演化序列,特别是对晋宁运动底界年龄进行限定。对柳坝塘组凝灰岩样品LBT26-3和LBT26-4进行Hf同位素分析。结果显示,柳坝塘组凝灰岩主要来自于中元古代的岩浆物质,几乎不含地壳组分。样品LBT26-3的εHf(t)值较高,二阶段Hf模式年龄较小,说明其组分为更年轻的岩浆物质,显示在柳坝塘组形成时期可能发生了持续的陆壳增生事件,此区域可能更多为洋壳组成。上述年龄为云南青白口纪地层的对比增添了可靠的年代学依据。     

40Ar-39Ar dating of lamprophyre dykes in the Baimazhai nickel deposit, Yunnan Province, China, and its geological significance

The Baimazhai nickel deposit,Yunnan Province,China,is located in the southern part of the Sanjiang (Tri-river) alkali-rich intrusive rock belt (Sanjiang ARIR). In this paper was conducted 40Ar-39Ar dating of two phlogopites in lamprophyres which are,as dikes,widely distributed in the orefield,and two plateau ages were ac-quired,i.e.,32.46±0.62 Ma and 32.01±0.60 Ma,respectively (averaging 32.23±0.60 Ma). The ages are obviously younger than those of the ore-hosted complex and mineralization of the Baimazhai nickel deposit. In combination with the characteristics,it is indicated that lamprophyres in the orefield and those in the Sanjiang ARIR are similar in tectonic setting,mineral assemblage and geochemistry. It is considered that lamprophyres in the orefield are the im-portant component of the Sanjiang ARIR,and the lamprophyres and ore-hosted complex in the orefield represent the products of two times of different magmatic activity from different mantle sources. On the other hand,the age of lamprophyres in the orefield is older than that of the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt,sug-gesting that the strike-slip shearing of the Ailaoshan-Honghe fault belt is not the factor leading to magmatic activity of lamprophyres in the orefield,while it is more possible that magmatic activity of the Sanjiang ARIR promoted strike-slip shearing of the fault belt.     

云南易门狮子山铜矿床黄铜矿-斑铜矿Re-Os定年与S同位素组成

易门狮子山铜矿床是康滇地区元古宙昆阳裂谷中的典型铜矿床之一,受狮子山背斜北西翼次级构造控制明显,矿石以脉状、浸染状、块状为主,少量呈层纹状.为厘定构造改造成矿时代,开展与石英、方解石脉共生的富黄铜矿、斑铜矿脉岩相学研究,挑选黄铜矿、斑铜矿单矿物,进行高精度的Re-Os同位素定年测试,获得了三组模式年龄,从早到晚依次为:...     

云南东川地区昆阳群黑山组凝灰岩锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄及其地层学意义

云南东川地区昆阳群的形成时代及地层层序一直令人关注,已获得的一些数据虽然具有参考意义,但高质量的SHRIMP 定年还很缺乏。在东川地区昆阳群黑山组中上段发育的近180m厚的具有地层意义的晶屑、岩屑凝灰岩中采集样品D0202一件,选出锆石百余粒,获得SHRIMP U-Pb加权平均年龄为（1503 ± 17 ）Ma。样品D0202的锆石Th/U大于0.48,并具清晰的振荡环带结构,均为岩浆成因的锆石,表明黑山组形成于中元古代早期。这一年龄表明昆阳群的形成时代至少大于1500Ma,为准确地标定昆阳群的时代和层序提供了新的参考依据。     

滇西澜沧老厂地区玄武岩岩石成因与构造意义

对滇西澜沧老厂地区玄武岩进行了系统的主微量元素和Nd-Pb同位素地球化学研究,结果表明该玄武岩为典型的洋岛玄武岩(OIB)。Nd-Pb同位素研究表明,玄武岩浆含富集地幔组分。老厂地区玄武岩浆活动可能与地幔热柱有关,玄武岩可能为地幔热柱(软流圈)熔融产生的岩浆与富集的岩石圈地幔岩浆混合的产物。     

云南东川稀矿山式铜铁矿床成矿物质来源的同位素示踪

稀矿山式铜铁矿床是东川铜矿中一种重要的矿床类型,前人研究程度较深,但对矿床成因观点不一,为探讨其铜铁矿层的成因及成矿物质来源,对稀矿山式铜铁矿的硫氧同位素进行了测试,并对同位素数据进行了地球化学研究.结果表明,硫化物中的δ34S值变化较大(从-10.9‰至15.9‰,均值为0.455‰),根据δ34S值的不同可分为3种:①在±4‰之间(15件),具陨石硫特征;②±(5～8)‰范围内(6件),受火山沉积作用影响;③＞10‰和≤-10‰范围内(2件),说明硫源以岩浆作用(火山喷发)为主要来源,部分为海水硫酸盐及地层生物硫.稀矿山式铜铁矿床的碳具有幔源特征,指示有地幔物质参与成矿作用;磁铁矿δ18OV-SMOW值变化在1.3‰～9.8‰之间,均值4.875‰,组成特征则反映矿床属于火山喷流沉积成因.成矿物质主要来源于火山喷发,成矿作用与岩浆、海相化学沉积、海底热液等作用有关.     

云南兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床硫、铅同位素组成及成矿示踪

云南兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床主要赋存于由砂岩、粉砂岩和页岩组成的碎屑岩建造中.为了查明兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床成矿物质来源,对盆地西缘四个典型脉状铜多金属矿床(科登涧、连城、金满和水泄)的硫、铅同位素的组成进行了分析和对比研究.结果表明,这些矿床的铅同位素组成总体变化较小,且大部分落在盆地沉积地层铅范围内,金满、连城铜矿床可能有部分深源铅的加入.硫同位素特征表明,兰坪盆地西缘脉状铜多金属矿床的硫主要来源于地层硫酸盐的还原作用,其中金满铜矿床和连城铜钼多金属矿床可能有深源硫的混入.各矿床硫同位素不同的特点,除反映各矿床源区硫同位素组成的差异外,可能还与各矿床成矿时不同的物理化学条件(温度、氧逸度、pH 值和离子强度等)差异有关