煤层气水平井无导眼地质导向钻进技术

针对目前松软煤层水平段成孔困难、煤层钻遇率较低以及造斜段钻进过程中需要施工导眼井等问题,采用地质导向与几何导向相结合模式,对井身结构优化、钻进参数优选、防塌钻进、多标志层地质导向钻进、水平段井眼轨迹精细化控制等进行研究。在沁水盆地成庄煤矿进行现场应用,钻完井施工顺利,3口水平井都实现无导眼直接一次着陆入靶,水平煤层段累计进尺1 604.72 m,煤层钻遇率达到100%,最终水平段下入PE筛管总长度1 366 m。完善了煤层气水平井钻完井工艺,为煤层气低成本高效开发钻井施工提供技术借鉴。移动阅读      

河南豫中公司顺利打出一口煤层气裸眼井

日前,河南省煤田地质局豫中地质勘察工程公司在山西沁水盆地顺利打出一口煤层气裸眼井工程。所谓裸眼井,就是在煤层中进行造穴,充分扩大煤层接触面积,使其增加煤层产气量。由于山西蓝焰公司在晋城区块施工的部分煤层气井出气量较低,效果不佳,     

沁水盆地煤层气成藏主控因素与成藏模式分析

沁水盆地石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、演化程度高,具有良好的煤层气勘探潜力,是目前国内首个成功商业化开发的煤层气盆地。基于研究区已有地质成果,对影响沁水盆地煤层气富集成藏的主控地质因素与成藏模式进行分析,认为构造运动、水动力条件、煤层埋深、煤岩组成及热演化程度是控制沁水盆地煤层气成藏的主要地质因素,高镜质组含量、高热演化程度、弱水动力条件和较大的埋深是煤层气成藏的有利条件,向斜是煤层气富集成藏的有利部位。     

煤层气钻井中的几个关键技术问题浅析

在煤层气钻井施工中,基本上采用石油钻井工艺。根据煤层气开采要求及相关技术标准,对钻井中的几个关键问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的技术措施：如针对井斜因素的防斜措施,在工开钻进时的井液控制,煤层钻进时的钻进参数调整;下套管深度及接箍位置以及固井方法。这些措施,可有效提高钻效,提高成井质量。     

沁水盆地煤层气同位素特征及成因类型初探

沁水盆地是我国煤炭的重要基地之一, 也是煤层气勘探开发的重要有利区块。在整合前人研究成果的基础上, 对沁水盆地煤层气成藏史和烃类气体 (主要以甲烷气体)C、H同位素的“指纹”信息进行对比, 初步探讨了煤层气形成的烃源岩性质和热成熟度; 对沁水盆地煤层气是否具有多源复合特征进行了分析, 并在此基础上对该盆地煤层气成因类型提出了新的认识。      

区域构造热事件对高煤阶煤层气富集的控制

中国高煤阶含煤盆地经历了多期构造活动影响,使高煤阶煤层气藏具有其独特的复杂性。通过对沁水盆地高煤阶煤层气藏的实例进行剖析,从煤层的热演化程度,煤系地层的方解石脉、石英脉体中的包裹体温度和压力,磷灰石、锆石的裂变径迹古地温分析,中生代火成岩的同位素年龄,岩浆活动产生的大地热流值方面证明了构造热事件的存在。结合煤岩的热解实验分析发现,构造热事件过程中产生的高温、高压的环境促使煤层的生烃,提高了煤层的吸附能力,使沁水盆地煤层的含气量比美国同期形成的黑勇士盆地煤层含气量高5~13m3/t,岩浆侵入产生的温度变化是沁水盆地煤层气含气量欠饱和的原因之一,高温高压的地层环境改善了煤层的物性。     

沁水盆地煤与煤层气地质条件

沁水盆地位于山西省东南部,含煤面积29 500km^2,煤炭储量5 100亿t,为特大型含煤盆地。通过分析沁水盆地煤层埋深、厚度、构造特征、顶底板岩性及煤储层特征,认为该区主要煤层含气量高,煤层割理、裂隙发育,煤变质程度高,煤层厚度大、埋深适度,构造简单,煤层气资源量大,产出条件优良,是我国煤层气勘探开发最有利的地区之一。     

沁水盆地煤层气钻井工艺方法

针对沁水盆地煤层气概况,地层情况及开采条件,介绍了参数井、生产井、多分支地面煤层气水平开发井、丛式井等钻井工艺、钻具组合、井身结构及井身质量要求.     

沁水盆地煤层气富集单元划分

通过分析研究影响沁水盆地煤层气富集的构造动力条件、热动力条件和水动力条件,进而以沁水盆地形成的构造动力条件为基础,结合热动力条件和水动力条件,对沁水盆地煤层气富集单元进行划分。研究结果表明:沁水盆地可以划分为4个地质构造单元、9个煤层气富集区,并通过可采性评价,确定了2个煤层气开发有利区和3个较有利区;煤层气富集是构造动力条件、热动力条件和水动力条件综合作用以及时空匹配的结果,这3个条件的合理配置才能形成煤层气开发的有利区块。      

煤变质作用对煤层气赋存和富集的控制--以沁水盆地为例

通过对国内外有关煤变质作用与煤层气形成、赋存和富集关系研究成果的系统总结，阐述了煤变质作用类型及煤变质作用程度与煤层气的生成、吸附量、煤储层孔隙—裂隙系统形成发育及煤层特性的相互关系，认为煤变质作用对煤层气赋存富集的影响集中体现在它对煤储层孔隙一裂隙系统形成发育过程的控制上。并以沁水盆地为例，探讨了高阶煤煤变质作用对煤层气赋存富集的控制作用，提出了对沁水盆地高阶煤煤层气勘探开发研究的几点思考和建议。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861