Study of Wetland Ecosystem Vegetation Using Satellite Data

The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) is used to estimate the aboveground net production (ANP) of wetland ecosystems for the key area at the South Taiga zone of West Siberia. The vegetation index and aboveground production are related by linear dependence and are specific for each wetland ecosystem. The NDVI grows with an increase in the ANP at wooded oligotrophic ecosystems. Open oligotrophic bogs and eutrophic wetlands are characterized by an opposite relation. Maps of aboveground production for wetland ecosystems are constructed for each study year and for the whole period of studies. The average aboveground production for all wetland ecosystems of the key area, which was estimated with consideration for the area they occupy and using the data of satellite measurements of the vegetation index, is 305 g C/m²/yr. The total annual carbon accumulation in aboveground wetland vegetation in the key area is 794600 t.     

HY-1卫星资料植被信息提取应用系统的研制

为了最大限度发挥我国发射的第一颗海洋卫星宝贵资料的作用，本项目以长江口为研究示范区，利用第四代可视化计算机语言IDL为工具，研究开发了HY—1卫星资料的植被信息提取应用系统。该软件不但具有通用的图象信息读取、彩色合成、边缘增强、平滑处理等信息增强功能，还具有不同植被指数计算、植被指数基础上的监督和非监督分类等专用功能。基本能够满足利用HY—1卫星数据提取植被信息的要求。目前，该系统经过试验运行和实况验证，取得了良好的运行效率和精度较高的植被遥感信息提取、分类结果。从而为有效应用HY—1卫星数据进行植被资源信息的提取提供了重要技术保证。     

Temporal Variability of Total Ozone in the Asian Region Inferred from Ground-Based and Satellite Measurement Data

This paper reports investigation data on the temporal variability of total ozone content (TOC) in the Central Asian and Tibet Plateau mountain regions obtained by conventional methods, as well as by spectral, cross-wavelet, and composite analyses. The data of ground-based observation stations located at Huang He, Kunming, and Lake Issyk-Kul, along with the satellite data obtained at SBUV/SBUV2 (SBUV merged total and profile ozone data, Version 8.6) for 1980–2013 and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and TOU (Total Ozone Unit) for 2009–2013 have been used. The average relative deviation from the SBUV/SBUV2 data is less than 1% in Kunming and Issyk-Kul for the period of 1980–2013, while the Huang He Station is characterized by an excess of the satellite data over the ground-based information at an average deviation of 2%. According to the Fourier analysis results, the distribution of amplitudes and the periods of TOC oscillations within a range of over 14 months is similar for all series analyzed. Meanwhile, according to the cross-wavelet and composite analyses results, the phase relationships between the series may considerably differ, especially in the periods of 5–7 years. The phase of quasi-decennial oscillations in the Kunming Station is close to the 11-year oscillations of the solar cycle, while in the Huang He and Issyk-Kul stations the TOC variations go ahead of the solar cycle.     

Mapping and Assessing Landfills Surface Temperature Using Landsat 8 Satellite Data. A Case Study in Vietnam

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - In recent years, rapid urbanization and population growth have led to an overload of waste in big cities of Vietnam. Waste decomposition is always...     

利用FY-4A卫星资料研究海洋热含量对台风强度的影响

互花米草作为入侵物种对潮间带滩涂和盐沼具有严重的生态危害,化学方法治理互花米草具有简便、快速、彻底和成本低等特点。但化学药剂存在一定毒性,可能会对周边环境带来一系列不利影响。然而,有关化学治理措施所带来环境影响的研究较少。本文基于2017年8－11月的调查数据,研究了天津市永定河河口附近滩涂互花米草化学治理对附近海域海水水质和潮间带沉积物产生的影响,对调查海域海水水质和沉积物质量进行了评价。调查与评价结果表明,无机氮、活性磷酸盐和化学需氧量（COD）为调查海域主要污染因子,硫化物为潮间带沉积物主要污染因子。施药后特征污染物草甘膦检测值高于本底值,所有站位均未检出磺酰脲类除草剂。综合来看,化学治理对附近海域海洋环境影响较小。     

基于植被指数的高光谱遥感水陆识别方法初探

提出了一种判别两类地物分类效果的依据——显著性度量,并采用植被指数的形式,给出了应用高光谱图像进行水陆识别的方法。以滩涂为例进行水陆识别实验,结果表明,基于显著性度量遴选得到的最佳植被指数类型及其最佳波段组合,适合于解决以高光谱图像为数据源的水陆识别问题。     

水下光谱吸收衰减仪(ac-s)的使用与数据处理技术

水色遥感的半分析模式是建立在对海洋水体固有光学量的测量数据基础之上,这一数据测量主要用的仪器就是光谱吸收衰减仪(ac-s).根据2006年在东海开展夏季与冬季两个航次的调查情况,介绍了ac-s的软硬件安装、测试、定标技术.详述了仪器清洁、干燥、维护保养等基本方法,针对实测中的注意事项与出现的一些问题作了分析讨论,并介绍了实测结果的数据校正与分析方法,以期对应用这一仪器进行海上实测、深入研究中国近岸二类水体的性质以帮助.     

Ground-Based Field Measurements and Calibrations of a New Satellite Spectrometer for Monitoring the Earth’s Ozone Layer

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The results obtained from test ground-based measurements with a new satellite instrument for mo-nitoring the Earth’s ozone layer are considered....     

基于MODIS数据的海上气象能见度遥感光谱分析与统计反演

重点分析了不同等级能见度过程在MODIS 36通道中的谱特征及与能见度的相关性,并对能见度进行了光谱统计分析.经去云处理后,对多点测站的相关分析发现能见度因子和ch1,3,4,8,16,24,25,29～36的辐射和反射率存在很好的相关性(置信度达90 %以上,相关系数≥0.8),进一步的通道筛选和压缩对能见度的反演有重要意义.典型个例分析发现低能见度与高能见度天气过程存在较明显的光谱辐射和反射差异,可用于低能见度的识别.     

Estimating the Total Concentration of Chlorophyll a in the Sea of Okhotsk Using Satellite Data

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This work continues studies assessing the possibility of using remote-sensing data of the chlorophyll-a concentration for estimating the biological...     

利用卫星遥感资料估算海面太阳辐照度的初步结果

本文在分析了若干由卫星信息提取地表的太阳辐照度物理模式的基础上,将１９９５年５月２６日的ＮＯＡＡ卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ资料经适当变换后,选用Ｈａｙ和Ｈａｎｓｏｎ模式估算并分析了黄渤海３５°～４０°Ｎ、１２０°～１２５°Ｅ海区的海面太阳辐照度值。文中指出,卫星测量可成为海面太阳辐照度观测的有效手段。建议：１）尽快在国内开展这方面的研究;２）应进行海洋实况测量（最好是卫星过境时同步进行）;３）建立从卫星资料提取我国海区海面辐照度的适用算法。     

Integration of Satellite Tracking Data and Satellite Images for Detailed Characteristics of Wildlife Habitats

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Methods of analysis of the results got from satellite tracking of large terrestrial mammals differ in the level of their integration with additional...     

Observation of Algal Bloom in the Northwest Arabian Sea Using Multisensor Remote Sensing Satellite Data

Algal bloom observed using Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-P4 Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) derived chlorophyll images during December 23, 2003–January 8, 2004, off the Oman coast. High chlorophyll concentration (～20 mg m^?3) patches were observed. MODIS-Aqua data of January 1, 2004, were analyzed to generate normalized water leaving radiance (nLw) images for seven visible channels: 412, 443, 488, 531, 551, 667 and 678 nm. The channels 667 and 678 nm showed interesting algal bloom features. The bloom features were detected in OCM image of January 2, 2004, using Subramanian's Trichodesmium detection Protocol. MODIS-Aqua retrieved Sea Surface Temperature (SST) around the bloom patches was observed to be >240°C. The OCM chlorophyll mean observed to be very high (>10.0 mg m^?3) in two bloom pockets. Quickscat scatterometer derived wind speed was found to be optimum in the range of 3–5 m/sec.     

联合多代卫星测高资料反演中国南海重力异常

联合HY-2A、Geosat、ERS1/2、Envisat、T/P、Jason1/2等多颗测高卫星,通过共线处理和交叉点平差削弱海面时变效应和径向轨道误差等影响,以Jason-1测高卫星作为参考,对多代测高卫星进行基准统一,消除测高数据的不一致性,基于全球EGM2008重力场模型,采用移去恢复技术和逆Vening-Meinesz公式反演中国南海(0°~23°N,103°~120°E)2'×2'重力异常,与船测重力数据比较,均方根误差为4.9m Gal。     

Identifying a Fundamental Climatic Oscillation Using Wavelet Analysis of the Combined Data of Ground and Satellite Observations

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Slow climatic fluctuations of the World Ocean temperature in the Northern Hemisphere over the past century and a half as a response to the corresponding...     

基于图像特征的航空高光谱数据油污染光谱曲线提取分析

运用基于图像特征的相对发射率数据处理模型,对获得航空高光谱油污染水体数据和正常水体数据进行了反射率提取,得到了相对定标后的油污染水体和正常海水的光谱反射率数据。进一步对正常海水和油污染水体的光谱特性进行分析,通过反射率曲线比较,得出运用基于图像特征的反射率处理模型提取光谱信息和运用航空高光谱数据进行海上油污染检测的可行性。     

太平洋波高分布及变化规律研究

使用 Topex/ Poseidon卫星高度计 1 992年 1 0月～ 1 998年 1 2月连续 75个月 ,2 30个重复周期的有效波高资料对南北太平洋的有效波高进行了统计 ,分析了太平洋有效波高的多年平均、多年各月平均和多年各季平均的空间分布特征和时间变化规律。结果表明 ,太平洋波高分布具有明显季节变化的规律 ,与太平洋的风速分布特征具有良好的对应关系     

利用卫星高度计资料对台湾海峡流量变化的诊断分析

利用AVISO的MSLA海面高度距平资料和NCEP风场资料，应用张庆华等导出的渠道流的解，诊断计算了1993-2001年台湾海峡流量及其变化。结果表明，台湾海峡的年平均流量为1．27Sv，夏季最大，平均为2．27Sv；秋季最小，平均为0．46Sv，季节变化明显。分析认为，台湾海峡流量变化的决定性因素是台湾海峡南北方向海平面倾斜。局地风的驱动是次要因素，它所产生的流量变化具有显著的规律性，基本为南向流。     

"采用SCADA通信系统通过国内卫星传输资料浮标数据研究"及其应用

海洋资料浮标测量数据传输的安全、可靠、经济和方便,是多年来浮标工程研究的课题。文中介绍我国海洋资料浮标数据传输方式的变革,国内卫星(中卫-1号)的性能及覆盖海域,"全线通"双向数据卫星通信系统原理特点以及"采用SCADA通信系统通过国内卫星传输资料浮标数据研究"成果在我国东海、南海的应用情况。     

利用多年卫星资料分析青岛和茂名附近海域海面风场变化

文章围绕青岛海洋经济开发和茂名海洋气象基础科学综合试验对附近海域基础环境数据的需求,利用多年卫星资料开展了青岛和茂名附近海域海面风场统计分析研究。结果表明:青岛附近海域风向频率和风速频率最大的方向均为北,相对应的平均风速值为3.5m/s;茂名附近海域风向频率最大方向为ENE,风速频率最大方向为NNE,茂名附近海域平均风速值全年均大于青岛附近海域平均风速值,研究成果可为开展海洋气象业务观测和科学试验提供基础数据支持,为"一带一路"海上风能资源开发与利用提供决策支撑。