2023年中国气候异常特征及主要天气气候事件

2023年,我国气候主要表现为暖干的特征,全国平均气温10.71℃,较1991—2020年气候平均偏高0.82℃,为1951年以来最暖;全国平均降水量615.0 mm,较常年偏少3.9%,为2012年以来第二少。四季气温均较常年同期偏高,其中夏、秋季分别为历史同期次高和最高;除秋季降水偏多外,其余三季降水均偏少。汛期(5—9月),全国平均降水量较常年同期偏少4.3%,为2012年以来第二少,我国中东部降水总体呈“中间多南北少”的分布。2023年,我国区域性气象干旱多发,西南地区遭遇冬春连旱;春季北方沙尘天气过程偏多;夏季前期,华北和黄淮遭受1961年以来最强高温过程;7月底至8月初,受台风杜苏芮影响,京津冀地区发生历史罕见极端强降水过程,华北地区出现“旱涝急转”;华西秋雨开始早、结束晚、雨量多;1月中旬发生年内最强寒潮过程;秋末冬初冷空气频繁入侵,12月华北和黄淮等地降雪日数偏多、积雪偏深。     

1961—2009年辽河流域气候变化特征及其对水资源的影响

辽河流域是中国七大流域之一,长期以来一直存在水资源严重不足的问题。采用1961—2009年辽河流域境内水文、气象观测数据,研究气象、水文要素历史变化特征,并采用同期和滞后相关分析,建立气象要素与水文要素的最优相关关系。结果表明：辽河流域气候变暖明显,增温幅度远高于全球和中国的同期增温幅度;辽河流域降水量增减趋势不明显,总体上为略减少趋势,但存在明显的少—多—少—多—少5个阶段性变化。辽河流域蒸发量为略减少趋势,春季、夏季是蒸发量较大季节。近50 a辽河流域径流量为减少趋势,经历了偏多—偏少—偏多—偏少4个阶段的变化,1996—2009年经历了年径流量最少阶段,平均年径流量仅为16.2亿m3,只达到多年平均径流量的58%、径流量最多年代的32%。一年之中,7月和8月径流量最大,两个月径流量占全年的50%。辽河流域降水量与径流量有较好的相关关系。在年尺度,径流量与铁岭、法库等地区降水量相关系数为0.60;在日尺度,日降水量与降水发生后第2日经流量相关程度最好,在所有等级上两者相关系数为0.70或以上;在日降水量大于等于25 mm等级上,相关系数最高为0.85。     

云南冰雹的变化特征

利用1961-2008年云南120个测站逐月冰雹资料,分析了近50年云南冰雹的时空变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应。结果表明：（1）云南冰雹具有明显的区域分布。全年冰雹日数从云南西北到东南大致呈多—少—多—少相间隔的区域分布特征;夏季与秋季分布相似,滇西北偏多,滇西南偏少;春季与冬季分布相似,滇西北及滇东北偏少,从西北到东...     

基于19个站的不同排放情景下贵州21世纪气候变化预估

运用IPCC AR4提供的模式预估结果,分析了基于19个站的不同排放情景下21世纪贵州气候变化特征,结果表明:21世纪贵州省将继续变暖、变湿,且人类排放越大,增温增湿的幅度越大。从未来情景气候预估的区域性特征来看,相对于基准期(1981—1999年),2011—2040年,A2(高排放)、A1B(中排放)和B1(低排放)3种排放情景下全省年平均气温偏暖在1℃以下,且省北部地区偏暖程度略大。2041—2070年,3种排放情景下全省年平均气温分别比基准期偏暖1.6~2℃、1.8~2.4℃和1.2~1.8℃,且均表现为省东北部偏暖幅度大、西南部偏暖幅度小的态势。2071—2099年,偏暖态势亦是东北部多、西南部少,3种排放情景下分别比基准期偏暖3℃以上、2.6~3.2℃和1.8~2.2℃。降水方面,前期(2011—2040年)在A2和A1B情景下相对于基准期全省年平均降水以偏少为主,偏少幅度在2%以内,在B1情景下相对于基准期省西北部降水偏少东南部降水偏多,变化幅度基本在1%以内。21世纪中期(2041—2070年)和后期(2071—2099年)在3种排放情景下全省各区域降水相对于基准期均是偏多。其中2041—2070年,3种排放情景下全省年平均降水分别偏多0%~3%,2%~5%和1%~3%,且偏多态势分布在3种情景下均不一致。2071—2099年,降水偏多的态势为南多北少,具体表现为3种排放情景下分别偏多4%以上,3%以上和2%~5%。     

2009年青海省气候影响评价

2009年度(2009年1—12月)青海省基本气候概况为:全省气温偏高,与2006年并列为1961年以来的第1位;降水偏多,列1961年以来降水量偏多第3位,接近2008年;日照偏少,列1961年以来日照时数偏少第2位,仅多于2008年。主要天气气候事件有:全省气温异常偏高、春季透雨提前出现、春夏秋三季均出现连阴雨,汛期局地强对流天气频繁引发的冰雹、雷电、洪涝灾害及山体滑坡等次生灾害,春末、前冬都兰、玛多、久治等地出现的中度雪灾等。     

黑龙江省 2004年气象灾害概述

1主要气候特点及重大气候事件2004年黑龙江省主要气候特点:气温显著偏高、降水偏少。全省年平均气温为3.8℃,比常年偏高1.2℃,其中12月气温偏低,4、5、7、8月正常,其它各月气温均偏高,初夏全省出现高温(≥30℃)天气,西南部高温日数为近40a来最多值。全省年平均降水量为445m m,比常年偏少1成左右,其中4月及夏秋各月降水均偏少,冬季各月及春季的3、5月降水偏多到特多。春季黑龙江省东部和北部降水异常偏多、强度大,出现了近10a来最为严重的内涝;初夏降水持续偏少,全省大部分地区出现了初夏干旱,西部发生了草地螟虫害;秋季降水偏少,北部林区发…     

聚焦2020年我国天气气候特点

综述:气温偏高,降水偏多2020年,我国气温偏高,降水偏多。全国平均气温10.25℃,较常年偏高0.7℃(图1)o全国六大区域气温均较常年偏高,其中华南偏高0.7℃,为1961年以来历史第三高;四季气温均偏高,冬、春明显偏暖。全国平均降水量694.8毫米,较常年偏多10.3%,为1951年以来第四多(图2)。中东部大部降水偏多、西北地区℃中西部偏少(图3)。冬、夏、秋季降水偏多,春季偏少。     

气候特点概述

<正>2013年10—12月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温前高后低,降水前少后多,日照时数偏多。主要天气气候事件有:秋季持续少雨,鄱阳湖水域面积为近10 a同期最小;12月出现同期罕见大范围暴雨。1气候概况1.1气温。10—12月全省平均气温为13.9℃,较常年同期平均偏高0.2℃。其中赣北13.6℃,偏高0.4℃;赣中13.6℃,偏高0.1℃;赣南15.0℃,偏低0.2℃。10—12月全省平均气温分别为20.0、14.5、7.2℃,与常年同期相比,10、11月偏高0.5、0.9℃,12月偏低0.8℃。1.2降水。10—12月全省平均降水量为199.8 mm,较常年同期平均偏多9%。各地降水分布不均,赣北大部偏少,赣中、赣南偏多。10—12月全省平均降水量分别为19.1、94.8、85.9 mm,10月偏少70%、11、12月偏多33%、80%。1.3日照。10—12月全省平均日照时数为485.9 h,较常年     

南雄近55年降水量与蒸发量的变化特征

利用广东省南雄国家基准气候站1955—2010年的降水量和蒸发量资料,采用距平和累积距平曲线统计方法,对南雄降水量、蒸发量的变化及其对干燥度的影响进行了分析。结果表明:南雄站降水量年际变化明显,其中1955—1960及1966—1974年累积距平为负值,1961—1965及1975年至今为正值;春、秋季距平曲线较一致,夏、冬季降水量呈偏多态势,但2000年后降水减少,趋于历年平均。对年蒸发量来说,1955—1965年变化不明显,1966—1999年呈显著上升趋势,2000—2010年则明显趋于下降。各季蒸发量除春季外均与年蒸发量趋势一致,春季1955—1999年变化不明显,2000年起呈下降趋势。受此影响,1955—1999年南雄市气候总体趋于更加湿润,但2000—2010年南雄市降水偏少,蒸发显著下降,气候处于更加湿润阶段。     

贵州省1997年气候影响评价

1气候概况1997年年平均气温接近正常,年降水量偏多,年日照时数偏少。各季情况为：冬季气温偏高,降水偏多,是明显的暖冬;春季气温变幅较大,表现为两高两低,高温时段出现在3月上中旬前期和5月上～中旬,低温时段出现在3月中旬后期和5月下旬,全季气温正常略偏高,降水略偏     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.