湛江南柳河入海排污口邻近海域沉积物重金属污染评价

对南柳河排污口邻近海域表层沉积物中重金属的含量分布、富集状况进行分析,并采用潜在生态危害指数法进行评价。结果表明:Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg含量分布呈现由西北到东南递减的变化特点;5种重金属元素的富集程度均较重,且程度由大到小依次为Pb>Zn>Cu>Hg>Cd;生态危害评价显示,Pb,Cu,Zn等元素属于轻微生态危害,Hg,Cd等元素属于中等生态危害,5种元素生态危害程度由重到轻依次为Hg>Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn。     

Components of Oil Pollution in Water and Bottom Sediments of the Northeastern Part of the Russian Black Sea Region

Oceanology - The results of studies of oil pollution (by the sum of hydrocarbons and resinous substances) of water and bottom sediments in the northeast Black Sea in spring and autumn are...     

The Norwegian plan for integrated ecosystem-based management of the marine environment in the Norwegian Sea

A White Paper on a new integrated management plan for the Norwegian Sea was launched by the Norwegian government in May 2009. Following international guidelines for ecosystem-based management, the plan provides an overall framework for managing all human activities (mainly oil and gas industry, fishing, and shipping) in the area to ensure the continued production and function of the ecosystem. The plan is based on an assessment of the present and projected future impact of human activities and of the interactions between them, taking into account deficits in current knowledge of ecosystem state and dynamics. Areas of particular value in terms of biodiversity or biological production were identified. In each of these valuable areas, any access for substantial human activity is to be carefully managed. To monitor the overall development of the Norwegian Sea, a set of indicators with associated environmental quality objectives have been selected. The approach used builds upon experience gained from the first integrated Norwegian management plan for a marine area, the Barents Sea–Lofoten region, developed in 2002–2006. Work towards a Norwegian management plan for the North Sea, including Skagerrak, was initiated in 2009.     

Imaging the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water from multichannel seismic data

The Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Water (YSBCW) is a large cold water mass lying in the deep part of the Yellow Sea during the warm season. We acquired multichannel seismic (MCS) data using an air gun source to image the structure of the YSBCW. The MCS data recorded reflections from sea water. The recognition of these reflections was confirmed by finite-difference seismic modeling in the frequency-domain. The seismic section from MCS data enabled discrimination of water masses distinctly separated by reflecting horizons. The structure of the water masses is fairly consistent with temperature-depth variations obtained using expandable bathythermograph (XBT) casts. The YSBCW is imaged as the lowermost water mass, maximally 40 m thick, that extends as a lens-like form along the sea bottom under the warm mixed layer. The correlation of XBT measurements and the seismic section indicates a rapid decrease in temperature from around 11 to 8 °C in the uppermost part of the YSBCW. A transition zone between the mixed layer and the underlying YSBCW is also defined. This transition zone has fairly uniform thickness of 14–18 m and marks an interval of rapid temperature drop, indicating vigorous thermal mixing. Our study demonstrates that MCS profiling is a useful and reliable tool for imaging fine structures in the shallow Yellow Sea.     

Measurements of ambient noise spectra in the south Norwegian Sea

Measurements have been made of ambient sea noise north of the Shetland Islands in the southern part of the Norwegian Sea. Shore-terminated, omnidirectional hydrophones, bottomed in 240 and 350 fathoms, were used. Twenty minute samples of single hydrophone outputs were recorded during daylight hours about every 3 days over a 4-year period from the summer of 1957 to 1961. Amplitude levels were measured at selected frequencies in the band 30 cps to 1 kc. Matching observations of wind and weather were coordinated with the noise data. The noise spectrum was found to be relatively flat compared with the spectrum measured in deep ocean areas of the western North Atlantic. Also, the pressure levels at frequencies above 100 cps are considerably higher. Seasonal changes were observed in the spectrum below 400 cps. The annual excursion in level from winter high to midsummer low was about 5 db at 50 cps and 3.5 db at 100 cps. Although no seasonal changes occurred in the upper spectrum, day-to-day variations in level at the higher frequencies generally followed patterns of change in local weather. There was good correlation between wind velocity and ambient noise at 800 and at 1000 cps. The character of sea-noise in the area seems to be shaped to two factors. First, a combination of thermal structure and a very gradual bottom slope result in high propagation losses. This in turn restricts the acoustic access at a bottomed hydrophone to a localized field. Second, except for a few summer calms, weather in the islands is severe, and strong winds and high sea states are sustained throughout the year.     

黄河三角洲埕岛海域底质特征与泥沙净输运研究

本文通过对黄河三角洲埕岛海域146个表层样的粒度分析,表明该区有5种沉积物类型,以砂质粉砂为主体,呈斑块状分布,极细砂与粗粉砂是沉积物的主要粒级,普遍分选差。运用"粒径趋势"分析的方法,分析探讨了埕岛海域表层沉积物净输运趋势。研究区的沉积物的净输运趋势大致以12 m水深为界,深水区沉积物的净输运趋势向岸,12 m以浅海域的沉积物具有离岸的净输运趋势,说明深水区沉积物受冬季风浪作用向岸运移作用显著,12 m以浅海域的沉积物受夏季风浪作用离岸运移作用显著,沉积物运移的季节变化已成为研究区海域沉积物净运移的主要控制因素。     

黄河三角洲埕岛海域底质特征与泥沙净输运研究

本文通过对黄河三角洲埕岛海域146个表层样的粒度分析,表明该区有5种沉积物类型,以砂质粉砂为主体,呈斑块状分布,极细砂与粗粉砂是沉积物的主要粒级,普遍分选差.运用"粒径趋势"分析的方法,分析探讨了埕岛海域表层沉积物净输运趋势.研究区的沉积物的净输运趋势大致以12 m水深为界.深水区沉积物的净输运趋势向岸,12 m以浅海域的沉积物具有离岸的净输运趋势,说明深水区沉积物受冬季风浪作用向岸运移作用显著,12 m以浅海域的沉积物受夏季风浪作用离岸运移作用显著,沉积物运移的季节变化已成为研究区海域沉积物净运移的主要控制因素.     

海洋底栖动物中的重金属

1977年在加拉帕戈斯裂谷区,借助水下装置“阿尔文”号发现了全新的底栖生物,它们生活在细菌化学合成和甲烷营养环境的基础上,为了生活在极高浓度还原化合物——硫化氢、甲烷、氢以及一系列重金属的极端条件下,热液底栖生物种群通过析出和/或改造金属离子成其无毒性的形态适应了这种环境。所研究的底栖动物标本是“和平-1”号和“和平-2”号载入深海装置在高速扩张的太平洋海脊和低速扩张的大西洋海岭热液场上采集的。60个瓣鳃类和腹足类软体动物的个别器官、软组织和贝壳、蟹类的角质和硬皮以及Вестuиентифер的管状体和营养体的…     

Oil and gas bearing in Norwegian Sea basins

The Norwegian passive continental margin is represented by an extensive gentle shelf and continental slope. On the continental slope, there are the isolated Vøring, Møre and Ras basins, the Halten Terrace is situated to the east of them at the shelf, then the Nordland submarine ridge and the Trondelag Platform at the seaboard. There are Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic sediments in its sections. Two complex structures are clearly distinguished in the sedimentary section: the lower stage (up to the Upper Cretaceous), reflecting the rifting structure of the basins, broken by a system of dislocations to a series of horsts, grabens, and separated blocks; and the upper stage, poorly dislocated, like a mantle covering the lower stage, with erosion and sharp unconformity. The Halten Terrace is the principal oil and gas production basin. At present, there are more than 50 oil, gas, and condensate fields in it. The following particularities have been discovered: than the field lays in the deepwater, than the age of the hydrocarbon pay is younger. It is also interesting that all gas fields are situated in the Vøring and Møre basins and western part of the Halten Terrace; the oil and gas fields, mainly at the center of the Halten Terrace; but pure oil fields, in the north of the terrace. In conformity with discovering the particularities, it is possible to say that the prospects of oil and gas bearing in the Norwegian Sea are primarilyt related to the Halten Terrace and the Vøring and Møre basins, especially the territories situated at the boundary of the two basins, where it is possible to discover large hydrocarbon accumulations like the Ormen-Lange field, because the Paleocene-Upper Cretaceous productive turbidite thick at the boundary of these basins is on the continental slope, which is considered promising a priori.     

Characterisation of a Campanian deep-sea fan system in the Norwegian Sea by means of ichnofabrics

Ichnofabrics are applied in concert with sedimentological data to discriminate sub-environments within a Campanian deep-sea fan system in the Norwegian Sea. Seven ichnofabric types are recognised in the studied cores, which correspond to specific architectural elements of the fan system, including amalgamated channels, lobate sand sheets, proximal and distal overbank, fan fringe, and hemipelagic basin plain environments. A unique observation is an ultra-deep Chondrites ichnofabric, interpreted to result from the activity of a chemosymbiotic tracemaker, possibly utilising hydrothermal vents or hydrocarbon seeps in the near vicinity of an active rift system. Mapping and inter-well correlation of ichnofabrics allow a better control of lateral and vertical facies changes, which are important to exploration and production strategies. This study demonstrates that ichnofabric analysis is proving to be a valuable tool for the characterisation and prediction of reservoir quality, the recognition of potential flow barriers and prediction of lateral depositional trends in deep-sea fan deposits.     

Deep-Water Bottom Current Research in the Northern South China Sea

This article discusses an effective way to study deep-water current activity with the sedimentary features of seabed sediments. In the paper, we have processed a seismic survey line crossing the Northwest sub-basin of the South China Sea (SCS). In the seismic profile, we can clearly distinguish the contourite sediment waves and find the erosion scope formed by the deep-water bottom current. Combining the analytic result of piston cores sediments in the research area, we can conclude that the deep-water current is the contour current. It enters the SCS through the narrow Bashi Channel and then it flows to the southwest direction along the isobaths of Dongsha uplift and Southern uplift, but there isn't direct evidence to explain that bottom current flows to the direction of the deep-sea basin. The conclusion confirms former speculation about the passage of deep-water current and provides an important foundation to construct the whole structure of deep-water circulation for the SCS.     

Features of Bitumoid Distribution in Bottom Sediments of the Barents Sea

Oceanology - The results on the content, composition, and distribution of chloroform bitumoids (CBs) in the Holocene sediments of the Barents Sea are presented (Cruise 68 of the R/V Akademik...     

Pollutant Accumulation Areas in Barents Sea Bottom Sediments

Oceanology - The issue of identifying pollutant accumulation areas in Barents Sea sediments was considered based on years-long research (2002–2018) conducted by PINRO. GIS technology and...     

Contraction and warming of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Amundsen Sea

Antarctic Bottom Water（AABW） plays an important role in the meridional overturning circulation and contributes significantly to global heat transport and sea level rise（SLR）. Based on the Global Ocean（1/12）°Physical Reanalysis（GLORYS12V1） products and conductivity-temperature-depth instrument data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment hydrographic program, we analyzed the trends in the thickness, volume,temperature, salinity, and neutral density of the AABW in the Amundsen Sea from 1993 to...     

挪威海畸形波波形特征研究

畸形波波形与其所处海况特征密切相关。在线性、窄谱假定下,最可能出现的畸形波波形服从“新波”理论,即最大波位于波群中间且其前后相邻波浪对称。然而,实际海浪谱通常是包含多种频率成分的宽谱。目前对实测畸形波及其附近波面形态特征仍缺乏系统认知,对其影响因素尚不明确。本文基于挪威海气象观测站共112个畸形波序列,分析实测畸形波波形及影响因素。研究表明,只有52%的畸形波在波群中间,其余畸形波在波群前侧的概率更高。此外,畸形波前后相邻波浪并不完全对称,其中位于后侧的波幅普遍更大。通过定量分析实测畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论结果,发现谱宽是影响畸形波波形的关键参数。随谱宽增加,畸形波的平均波形与“新波”理论得到的波面序列误差呈指数增加。