Analysis of the Modes of Aggregation of Scientific Data and Proposals for its Development in China

Scientific data are strategic resources, and the aggregation of scientific data is an important method to seize the upstream and competitive highlands of scientific data. Notably, it is challenging to grasp the international situation and the scientific laws concerning the mode of scientific data aggregation; exploring the modes and methods of scientific data aggregation that are suitable for China's national conditions is also difficult. This paper investigated and analyzed the modes of scientific data aggregation both at home and abroad from the viewpoints of international organizations, international scientific programs, government agencies, and professional data centers. Five modes of scientific data aggregation were summarized, including scientific research projects converging to designated data centers/repositories, scientific research projects dispersing to data centers/repositories, individual scientists submitting datasets to data centers/repositories with published papers, scientific research projects/individual scientists sharing directories/networks, big data computing/processing platform, and citizen science models of open and public convergence. This paper analyzed each mode and the corresponding cases. On this basis, the paper put forward six suggestions for the reasonable aggregation of scientific data in China, including the implementation of the “Measurement of Scientific Data Management”, certification of data aggregation centers, scientific data collection and publishing in journals, construction of data aggregation networks, aggregation of international resources, and construction of the whole data aggregation chain.     

科学超深井钻探技术国内外现状

文章阐述了实施科学钻探的必要性,简要回顾了科学钻探技术发展历程。以前苏联科拉科学超深井钻探技术,联邦德国大陆深钻计划(KTB),中国大陆科学钻探工程(CCSD),美国卡洪山口项目钻探技术,美国夏威夷项目钻探技术,湖泊科学钻探技术等为例,介绍了世界各国在实施科学钻探工程过程中形成的特色技术以及取得的技术成就。论述了实施科学钻探工程前,进行人才队伍培养和关键技术准备的必要性。     

大陆科学钻探的新发现与研究主题

大陆科学钻探是当代地球科学的重大科学工程之一,也是带动21世纪地球科学发展的关键。概括了20多年来大陆科学钻探取得的主要成就,并对其面临的科学主题作了详细阐述;最后对我国开展大陆科学钻探提出了几点建议。     

A typology of scientific bottlenecks to natural resources development

A preliminary systematic framework for considering the scientific bottlenecks to the development of natural resources is presented, as a basis for discussion and refinement. In giving particular attention to problems of resource use in developing countries, two main types of scientific bottlenecks are recognized. One concerns the quality and quantity of information on natural resources, and the use that is made of that information. The second relates to the quality and quantity of local manpower in the ecological and related sciences that is available to developing countries, and to the conditions that affect the promotion and stability of scientific endeavor in these countries.Action strategies for combatting these bottlenecks are proposed. These strategies emphasize the need to improve the scientific basis for the predictable use of natural resources, to facilitate multi-directional links of scientific cooperation between countries, and to help develop national self-reliance in research and management activities. They stress such principles of action as the promotion of a problem-oriented, interdisciplinary approach within specific geographic units, and the combination of research, training and demonstration within particular field activities. These features of suggested research run counter neither to scientific method nor to the freedom of scientific endeavor. They do, however, entail a change in the way that much research is conceived and organized. More particularly, they entail the incorporation of additional dimensions in the overall research effort, including that of a perception approach to problems.The views expressed in this article are the authors', and not necessarily those of Unesco.     

Using Lego NXT to explore scientific literacy in disaster prevention and rescue systems

This study explores the effectiveness of disaster prevention programs using NXT control techniques. The purpose of the cultivation of scientific literacy is to develop a more rational, scientific perspective on the current social changes and the impact of natural disasters. Using NXT as an effective scientific tool to support science education, we can further explore science education for the development of scientific literacy. The expectation confirmation model and technology acceptance model are used to explain the effect of technology products on the user??s satisfaction and intention. However, for the interpretation of scientific literacy, there is a lack of environmental and cognitive factors. So we combine social cognitive theory with social and scientific theories in our exploration of the use of NXT for the dominant effect of scientific literacy. The results demonstrate that users?? self-efficacy and the ease of use of NXT have low significance on use of scientific tools, but, at the end, it did not affect the user wishes. The interactions of NXT features and climate are the main causes of enhanced user intentions. Therefore, environmental factors are identified as an important reason for the development of scientific literacy. The results of this study on scientific literacy stimulate more directions for discussion.     

天山冰川观测试验站10年来的回顾与展望

文章详尽地回顾了中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所天山冰川观测试验站１０年来在科研工作,人才培养和基地建设方面民取得的成果,并对其现状和前景进行了分析与展望。     

广东省地质灾害预警信息系统流程设计

地质灾害气象预警工作涉及国土、气象、广播电视和政府主管等多部门共同协作。其信息的特点包括时效性、科学性、准确性和实用性。预警工作中建立科学的地质灾害气象预警“业务流程”是地质灾害信息系统建设的重要环节。论文重点介绍以气象信息、地质灾害信息等数据传输为主线的地质灾害预警“业务流程”的研究和特点。     

A topical evaluation and discussion of data movement technologies for data-intensive scientific applications

Transferring large volumes of information from one location to potentially many others that are geographically distributed and across varying networks is still prevalent in modern scientific data systems. This is despite the movement to push computation to the data and to reduce data movement needed to compute answers to challenging scientific problems, to disseminate information to the scientific community, and to acquire data for curation and enrichment. Because of this, it is imperative that decisions made regarding data movement systems and architectures be backed by both analytical rigor, and also by empirical evidence and measurement. The purpose of this study is to expand on the work performed by our research team over the last decade and to take a fresh look at the evaluation of multiple topical data transfer technologies in use cases derived from data-intensive scientific systems and applications in the areas of Earth science. We report on the evaluation of a set of data movement technologies against a set of empirically derived comparison dimensions. Based on this evaluation, we make recommendations towards the selection of appropriate data movement technologies in scientific applications and scenarios.     

大数据正在引发地球科学领域一场深刻的革命——《地质科学》2017年大数据专题代序

本文针对目前国内大数据研究的现状,着重分析了在地球科学领域大数据研究落后的原因,指出大数据正在引发地球科学领域一场深刻的革命,大数据的关键不在于数据的大,而且在于思维的新;从数据出发,让数据说话,依靠人工智能方法,让机器学习、深度学习、可视分析等大数据技术逐步成为必需。利用大数据方法研究玄武岩构造环境判别图以及中新世岩浆事件的意义所取得的成果即是极佳的研究范例。文中指出,面向未来,大数据对于地球科学界来说,决不是可有可无的,它将创造奇迹。大数据作为第四科学范式的研究领域十分宽广,它将改变地球科学家的思维方式,从逻辑思维方式转变为由数据驱动的关联思维方式,文中呼吁科学界对大数据给予更多的关注和支持。     

地质遗产科学价值的突出性与普遍性评价流程及方法研究

地质遗产的科学价值大小是申报国家地质公园或者世界地质公园最根本的依据之一,也是地质公园得以存在和保护的基础.随着全球地质公园建设的快速发展,地质遗产科学价值的突出性与普遍性评价成为国内外学者与地质公园建设者逐渐关注的焦点.本文根据世界地质公园和国家地质公园的申报要求和国际、国内价值评价的方法,针对目前地质遗产科学价值评...