大别山高压-超高压片麻岩锆石的拉曼光谱学研究

对大别山高压-超高压片麻岩的锆石进行了激光拉曼探针、阴极发光(CL)、U-Pb年龄和U、Th等微量元素的测定分析.研究结果表明:锆石拉曼光谱1008cm-1峰的半高宽普遍小于20cm-1,指示锆石结晶程度较好到中等程度的蜕晶化;早期继承锆石在三叠纪高压-超高压变质作用中经历了退火和重结晶作用,所受的放射性通量是从200Ma的早侏罗纪开始积累的,表明高压-超高压岩石在这一时间已出露地表;北大别白垩纪岩浆热事件对高压-超高压岩石的影响很小;大多数锆石数据都落在天然锆石的放射性破坏趋势(RDT)中,表明锆石在高压、超高压过程中基本发生了完全的重结晶.     

变质锆石拉曼光谱研究--以大别造山带为例

对大别山的道士冲辉石岩、双河榴辉岩和碧溪岭石榴橄缆岩的锆石进行了激光拉曼探针，阴极发光（CL）观察和U、Th等微量元素的微区分析及U－Pb同位素测定，发现锆石拉曼光谱波数和半高宽都能指示其蜕晶化程度，但对于高度蜕晶化锆石，波数已经不再完全适用，而只能通过其特征谱峰半高宽来确定。碧溪岭石榴橄榄岩锆石微区微量元素和拉曼探针分析发现，半高宽和Th/U比正相关，这是由岩浆锆石在变质过程中不同程度的固态重结晶作用造成的，其可能曾经遭受过约220Ma的热事件扰动。双河榴辉岩锆石则可能遭受了流体参与下的变质重结晶作用的影响。锆石重结晶作用是变质岩中锆石年龄和化学组成变化的主要原因。     

激光拉曼、阴极荧光研究对蜕晶化锆石及其 U-Pb 年龄解释的指示意义

通过对3个不同程度蜕晶化锆石样品的激光拉曼光谱,阴极荧光图像(CL)和U-Pb年龄特征进行对比分析,笔者发现锆石CL图像和激光拉曼光谱测试对蜕晶化锆石及其U-Pb年龄解释有很好的指示作用,因此强调加强矿物内部结构的研究,建议锆石激光拉曼测试、阴极荧光观察及锆石U-Pb同位素测试相结合分析锆石U-Pb年龄数据.     

激光拉曼、阴极荧光研究对蜕晶化锆石及其U-Pb年龄解释的指示意义

通过对3个不同程度蜕晶化锆石样品的激光拉曼光谱,阴极荧光图像（CL）和U-Pb年龄特征进行对比分析,笔者发现锆石CL图像和激光拉曼光谱测试对蜕晶化锆石及其U—Pb年龄解释有很好的指示作用,因此强调加强矿物内部结构的研究,建议锆石激光拉曼测试、阴极荧光观察及锆石U—Pb同位素测试相结合分析锆石U—Pb年龄数据。     

锆石变生程度与放射性元素含量间的定量研究

为获得锆石变生程度与放射性元素质量分数之间的相互关系,对来自山东蒙阴金伯利岩中的锆石进行了阴极发光、激光拉曼光谱、离子探针测试和研究.研究表明,锆石样品的年龄近于一致;按照拉曼光谱特征峰1000cm-1左右的强度/半高宽比值和放射元素质量分数(wB)可以将锆石分为全晶质锆石、弱变生锆石、变生锆石、强变生锆石4类.放射元素总质量分数(wB)与拉曼光谱特征峰1000cm-1左右的强度/半高宽比值(H/W,设为r)之间符合经验关系方程:(1/r)1/2=1.3×10-2·(wB/10-6)1/2—0.11,可以借助锆石在1000cm-1左右的拉曼光谱特征峰值强度/半高宽比值并采用这一经验关系方程来大致计算出拉曼测试位置的放射性元素的质量分数.     

大别山高压?超高压片麻岩核?边结构锆石成因探讨*

大别山高压?超高压片麻岩中的锆石在阴极发光(CL)显示核?边结构：韵律环带的岩浆锆石核,较强发光的变质边。本文对核?边结构的锆石进行了包裹体、微区U?Pb年龄和微量元素研究。结果表明变质边由两种不同的机制形成：变质重结晶和变质增生。变质重结晶锆石的U?Pb年龄和稀土总量逐渐降低,稀土配分模式不变。变质增生锆石比变质重结晶锆石具有更低Th/U比值,重稀土严重亏损,Eu负异常不明显,低的Nb、Ta含量。     

云南前寒武系-寒武系界线锆石激光拉曼光谱研究及意义

本文通过对8个澳大利亚TEM标准锆石和近百枚云南梅树村剖面前寒武系—寒武系界线M5层斑脱岩火山成因锆石进行了不同入射方位的激光拉曼光谱分析和对比研究。证实正常锆石拉曼光谱各峰的出现、强度与拉曼光束的入射方位有关,同时也发现晶化度差的异常锆石其拉曼光谱各峰的出现、强度与拉曼光束的入射方位无关或有很小的关系。这类异常锆石在四个不同方位上并不产生特征拉曼谱峰,就是有其强度也非常小。可以认为这些异常锆石的激光拉曼光谱特征与其晶体结构及蜕晶化的程度是有密切关系的。笔者等发现:①产在新鲜的火山灰M5层中约有80%的锆石因为高铀钍含量已发生不同程度蜕晶化,5%的锆石为滚圆状的继承老锆石,均为不适合铀-铅离子探针质谱(SHRIMP)和热电离同位素质谱(ID-TIMS)定年的异常锆石;②因为低铀钍含量该M5层中仅有15%的锆石没有发生蜕晶化,为适合SHRIMP和ID-TIMS同位素定年的正常锆石,只有这类锆石的年龄才能代表前寒武系—寒武系界线的年龄。首次提出火山成因锆石晶化度与锆石拉曼光谱的定量关系。使用这项显微拉曼光谱新技术方法可以对寒武系底界M5层火山灰或其它火成岩和变质岩锆石晶体的晶化状况作出了快速判断。对U-Pb定年来讲是一种简单易行并且十分有效的重要制约手段。     

大别山锆石喇曼光谱初步研究

对北大别地区的鹿吐石，道士冲和南大别地区的三祖,双河片麻岩锆石进行了激光喇曼探针，背散射电子显微镜（BSE）观察了U，Th等微量元素的组成分析，发现锆石喇曼光谱波数和半高宽都能指示其蜕晶化程度，而大多数情况下B1g(v3)峰更特征些。单颗粒锆石内部BSE图像与喇曼光谱能完全对应。通过锆石微区微量元素和喇曼探针分析发现，半高宽和Th/U比正相关，这是由于岩浆锆石在变质过程中不同程度的重结晶作用造成的。锆石重结晶人用是变质岩中锆石年龄和化学组成变化的主要原因。三祖寺片麻岩可能曾经遭受过燕山期的热事件扰动。     

云南前寒武系一寒武系界线锆石激光拉曼光谱研究及意义

本文通过对8个澳大利亚TEM标准锆石和近百枚云南梅树村剖面前寒武系一寒武系界线M5层斑脱岩火山成因锆石进行了不同入射方位的激光拉曼光谱分析和对比研究。证实正常锆石拉曼光谱各峰的出现、强度与拉曼光束的入射方位有关，同时也发现晶化度差的异常锆石其拉曼光谱各峰的出现、强度与拉曼光束的入射方位无关或有很小的关系。这类异常锆石在四个不同方位上并不产生特征拉曼谱峰，就是有其强度也非常小。可以认为这些异常锆石的激光拉曼光谱特征与其晶体结构及蜕晶化的程度是有密切关系的。笔者等发现：①产在新鲜的火山灰M5层中约有80％的锆石因为高铀钍含量已发生不同程度蜕晶化，5％的锆石为滚圆状的继承老锆石，均为不适合铀一铅离子探针质谱（SHRIMP）和热电离同位素质谱（ID—TIMS）定年的异常锆石；②因为低铀钍含量该M5层中仅有15％的锆石没有发生蜕晶化，为适合SHRIMP和ID-TIMS同位素定年的正常锆石，只有这类锆石的年龄才能代表前寒武系一寒武系界线的年龄。首次提出火山成因锆石晶化度与锆石拉曼光谱的定量关系。使用这项显微拉曼光谱新技术方法可以对寒武系底界M5层火山灰或其它火成岩和变质岩锆石晶体的晶化状况作出了快速判断。对U-Pb定年来讲是一种简单易行并且十分有效的重要制约手段。     

川西冕宁-德昌稀土矿带正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体中锆石矿物学特征与矿化过程

川西冕宁-德昌稀土成矿带不同矿床中各种产状的正长岩是主要的赋矿围岩,运用各类显微图像、拉曼光谱、电子探针等测试方法分别选取其中新鲜(Ⅰ类)、重结晶(Ⅱ类)、受热液蚀变(Ⅲ类)和受成矿流体蚀变(Ⅳ类)的锆石进行矿物学研究。Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类锆石特征相似,透射图清晰,含岩浆子晶矿物包裹体,结晶程度好,拉曼光谱半高宽较小;Ⅲ类锆石透射图呈云雾状,晶体结构由于受到破坏而呈筛状,拉曼光谱半高宽较大,含少量钍石包裹体,低Zr,高U、Th、Hf、Ce含量;Ⅳ类锆石由于受到更强烈的蚀变,结构破坏最强烈,拉曼光谱半高宽最大,包裹体大量出现,锆石成分含有更多的U、Th、Hf以及La、Ce、Nd、Sm。各矿床正长岩-碳酸岩杂岩体中的锆石,Ⅰ类—Ⅲ类—Ⅳ类经历的蚀变程度逐渐加深、结构破坏增强、钍石包裹体和U、Th、Hf、Ce含量不断增加,反映了岩浆-伟晶岩-成矿过程中,锆石经历了不同的蚀变过程,同时也反映了稀土从岩浆到成矿不同阶段的蚀变矿化和富集。     

辽宁后仙峪硼矿区古元古代电气石岩: 锆石特征及SHRIMP定年

为了确定辽东硼矿含硼岩系中电气石岩的形成时代, 对后仙峪硼矿区电气石岩首次进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄测定.阴极发光图像显示, 锆石具核-边结构, 锆石核部多具振荡环带, 为高Th/U值的岩浆碎屑锆石; 锆石边部无明显结构变化, 为变质成因.岩浆碎屑锆石和变质锆石的年龄分别为2 171~2 175 Ma和1 894~1 906 Ma.结合野外地质和岩相学研究, 认为后仙峪硼矿区电气石岩原岩为古元古代克拉通裂谷环境中源于地壳再循环组分混染的亏损地幔的中酸性岩浆活动引发海底喷流作用的产物, 其原岩形成时代为古元古代中期(2 171~2 175 Ma), 并在稍后(1 894~1 906 Ma)遭受变质作用叠加改造.      

闽西南地区紫金山岩体锆石SHRIMP定年及其地质意义

笔者通过锆石SHRIMP定年,精确厘定了紫金山岩体的成岩成矿时代.紫金山黑云母化岗岩中锆石CL图像显示锆石分为3种形态,定年结果显示这3种锆石有不同的年龄,具有不同的地质意义.第一种锆石晶形发育、具有核一边双层结构.核部的锆石呈磨网状,这类锆石为继承性锆石,年龄为1000 Ma左右;第二种锆石晶形发育良好,但是呈不完整形态,有不清晰的生长环带或者无生长环带,呈现岩浆锆石的特征,年龄为168±4 Ma(n=13,MSWD=0.97),这一年龄应代表了岩石的结晶年龄,属于中侏罗世;第三种锆石晶形发育良好,有清晰的生长环带,这种锆石受后期改造作用,年龄为(119±15)Ma,属于早白垩世.(168±4)Ma时本区并未发生大规模的成矿事件,因此紫金山岩体主体并非含矿岩体,仅有轻微的锡矿化.紫金山花岗岩锆石SHRIMP定年的第三组年龄为(119±15)Ma是大规模成矿作用的记录,可能正是这一期的热液作用开始了本区大规模的长时期的多期次的岩浆热液作用的序幕,从而为本区铜金成矿作用奠定了基础.     

Zircon growth during subduction and exhumation metamorphism of mafic rocks,Aktyuz terrain,North Tiahshan,Kyrgyzstan

The interpretation of whether a dated metamorphic zircon generation grew during the prograde, peak or retrograde stage of a metamorphic cycle is critical to geological interpretation. This study documents a case at Aktyuz metamorphic terrain, in the southern of Kokchetav‐North Tianshan belt, involving progressive metamorphic recrystallization of mafic rock to eclogite and associated behavior of zircon. Zircons in eclogites are mainly fine grains (5 to 20 μm), and preferentially concentrated with rutile/ilmenite. They also occur as individual grains or clusters in amphibole coronas of garnet. A few larger grains commonly preserve inherited cores and evidence of dissolution and metamorphic outgrowths. Zircon grains separated from amphibolites show inherited zircons with typically magmatic feature, although this become progressively blurred in response to resorption and recrystallization. Mineral inclusions represent epidote‐amphibolite facies in the prograde metamorphism, and the embayed boundary between recrystallized domains and inherited zircons suggest fluid/melt participation. The metamorphic domains are mainly simple overgrowth around the inherited cores or recrystallization domains. The absence of peak metamorphic mineral inclusions and steep pattern of MREE‐HREE indicate no sufficient garnet formed before the metamorphic zircon overgrowth. A tiny rim with homogeneously bright CL image can be distinguished in most zircons. Amphibole inclusions have similar compositions to those in the coronas of garnets, suggesting a retrograde metamorphic origin. The inherited zircon crystallized at 880‐730 Ma, revealing similar age range to the gneiss in Aktyuz area, whereas metamorphic zircon dates prograde metamorphism at 497.9 ±1.4 Ma. In this case, the bulk Zr budget in rocks will become locked into Zr‐bearing minerals during the mafic magma intrusion, when the inherited zircon melting and resorption. The texture shows that metamorphic zircon grew both in the prograde and retrograde stage, and Zr‐bearing magmatic minerals and rutile/ilmenite are by far the main source of Zr for the two stages, respectively.     

甘肃白银厂矿田锆石红外光谱特征和地质年龄估测

应用矿物红外光谱学的方法系统研究了白银厂地区7件锆石同位素年龄样品的红外光谱。测定结果表明，3件样品的吸收峰强而窄，整体线形与标准的晶质锆石谱线相符合；其余4件样品的吸收相对较弱，峰形圆钝；谱线均有不同程度向变生锆石特征谱线的演化，以变生程度最高的LGG-6为尤。根据615cm^-1吸收峰的H／M值可将所研究样品分为晶质锆石、半变生锆石和变生锆石三类，并利用锆石红外光谱特征估测了铀钍含量和地质年龄。同时还评估了相应样品的U-Pb同位素年龄的可靠性。     

Leaching and differential recrystallization of metamict zircon under experimental hydrothermal conditions

We report results of hydrothermal experiments on four alluvial zircons from Sri Lanka, which cover a wide range of radiation damage, at 450 °C and 1.3 kbar for 744 h with 2 M CaCl₂ solution as reactive fluid. After the hydrothermal treatment, the most metamict samples show micrometer-thick reaction rims, which surround apparently unreacted zircon, as revealed by cathodoluminescence (CL) and Nomarski differential interference contrast (NDIC) images. These rims have sharp, curved, and transgressive boundaries with unreacted zircon and are, in some cases, spread out along cracks. The thickness of reaction rims increases with increasing cumulated !-dosage of the starting materials. The reaction rims are strongly enriched in Ca (up to 7000 ppm) and a water species and depleted in radiogenic Pb, Zr, and Si, as revealed by electron microprobe analyses. A significant Th loss from the reaction rims was detected in the case of the most metamict sample, whereas U remained in the structure. FT-infrared spectrometry and X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the bulk run products were recrystallized. Using micro-Raman spectrometry, we were able to demonstrate that differential recrystallization took place. The reaction rims are strongly recrystallized, whereas the unreacted grain interiors underwent only minor recrystallization. Recrystallization of the rims is accompanied by an enhancement of the integral CL intensity. It is suggested that recrystallization in the reaction rims was catalyzed by water infiltration and ion exchange and prevented significant congruent zircon dissolution under the given experimental conditions. Previous zircon studies have shown that (1) a transgressive morphology, (2) a reduced Th-U ratio, and (3) an enhanced CL emission are also characteristics of rims in zircons from high-grade metamorphic rocks. Based on these similarities between natural and experimentally produced rims, it is suggested that leaching-catalyzed recrystallization is an important alteration process in zircon under wet geological conditions and can account for many complex core-rim structures found in natural zircons. Furthermore, the strong enrichment of Ca in the reaction rims supports previous assumptions that high Ca concentrations in natural zircons are of secondary origin. It is suggested that lower U-Pb concordia intercept ages obtained from single-phase zircons with high Ca contents date a leaching event.     

大别山变质岩锆石微区稀土元素和Th,U特征

对进行过微区U-Pb定年和阴极发光成像研究的大别山辛店榴辉岩、双河榴辉岩、黄镇榴辉岩和双河硬玉石英岩中锆石,进行了微区核部与边部稀土元素测定.结合U-Pb年龄和CL图象,探讨了超高压变质过程中稀土元素从原岩锆石到变质锆石的变化.结果表明,原岩锆石和变质锆石有很不相同的稀土元素含量,它取决于变质锆石是由变质重结晶还是变质增生作用形成及形成时间.一般说来,边部变质锆石比原岩锆石亏损稀土元素,特别是重稀土,并且有更低的Th/U比.变质锆石的稀土元素和Th/U比可以为变质锆石形成时的物理化学环境和变质锆石成因提供重要信息.     

Zircon classification from cathodoluminescence images using deep learning

Zircon is a widely-used heavy mineral in geochronological and geochemical research because it can extract important information to understand the history and genesis of rocks. Zircon has various types, and an accurate examination of zircon type is a prerequisite procedure before further analysis. Cathodoluminescence (CL) imaging is one of the most reliable ways to classify zircons. However, current CL image examination is conducted by manual work, which is time-consuming, bias-prone, and requires expertise. An automated and bias-free method for zircon classification is absent but necessary. To this end, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs) and transfer learning are applied in this study to classify the common types of zircons, i.e., igneous, metamorphic, and hydrothermal zircons. An atlas with over 4000 CL images of these three types of zircons is created, and three DCNNs are trained using these images. The results of this study indicate that the DCNNs can distinguish hydrothermal zircons from other zircons, as indicated by the highest accuracy of 100%. Although similar textures in igneous and metamorphic zircons pose great challenges for zircon classification, the DCNNs successfully classify 95% igneous and 92% metamorphic zircons. This study demonstrates the high accuracy of DCNNs in zircon classification and presents the great potentiality of deep learning techniques in numerous geoscientific disciplines.     

大别山双河地区花岗质片麻岩锆石的离子探针定年

对双河花岗质片麻岩的锆石进行了阴极发光分析 ,结果表明存在两种类型的锆石 (残留锆石和原岩中的岩浆锆石 )。对其进行离子探针定年显示原岩的岩浆锆石形成于 10 2 5Ma ,在超高压和后期的退变质事件中都存在铅丢失现象 ,其 197Ma变质作用的年龄不能反映超高压事件峰期变质作用的年龄。残留锆石的形成年龄为 2 86 1Ma的晚太古代年龄 ,这些锆石在超高压变质作用中发生了较严重的重结晶作用 ,对应于 2 30Ma左右的峰期变质作用的年龄 ,后期退变质作用对其影响较小。     

Interpretation of discordant U-Pb zircon ages: An evaluation

The most widely used technique for the determination of high precision mineral growth ages in igneous and metamorphic rocks is dating of zircons with the U-Pb method. The interpretation of these ages, particularly in metamorphic settings, is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the common phenomenon of partial Pb-loss in zircon. In principle, this Pb-loss may occur in four very different ways: diffusion in metamict zircon, diffusion in pristine zircon, leaching from metamict zircon and recrystallization of metamict zircon. Here it is argued that, under conditions common in the continental crust, Pb-loss is only possible in partially to strongly metamict zircons. Pb-diffusion in the pristine zircon lattice is insignificant up to temperatures of at least 1000 °C. Pb-loss is only possible if the zircons experienced a time interval below their annealing temperature of about 600–650 °C, because only below this temperature can the lattice damage through α-decay and spontaneous fission accumulate. Zircons that remain above this temperature do not lose Pb by diffusion and will stay closed systems. Complete resetting of the U-Pb system in zircon under crustal conditions is only possible through dissolution and reprecipitation of zircon. Partial resetting results from recrystallization, leaching or diffusion in metamict zircon. As a consequence, special care has to be taken to interpret lower intercepts on concordia diagrams defined by discordant U-Pb data. Lower intercept ages may be significant only if they are defined by zircons with low U-content (<100 p.p.m.) or if confirmed by other geochronological methods. In addition, the accuracy of the lower intercept should be confirmed by abrading the zircon fractions that define the discordia.