四妙散口服联合中药外敷治疗痛风性关节炎55 例临床观察

目的：观察四妙散口服联合中药外敷治疗痛风性关节炎的临床疗效。方法：将110 例痛风性关节炎患者按随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组各55 例。对照组给予西医常规治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予四妙散口服联合中药外敷疗法,疗程均为7 d,比较2组治疗前后谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、神经降压素（NT）、降钙素基因相关肽（CGRP）、神经激肽-1（NK-1）、尿酸（UA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平,并采用疼痛数字评分法（NRS）、关节炎生活质量测量量表（AIMS2-SF）评价2组的疼痛程度和生活质量,观察治疗后6个月内的复发率。结果：总有效率治疗组为98.18%（54/55）,明显高于对照组的87.27%（48/55）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;与治疗前比较,2组治疗后GSH-Px、NT、SOD水平均明显升高,CGRP、NK-1、UA水平均明显降低,NRS评分均降低,AIMS2-SF评分均增加,且治疗组改善较对照组更为明显,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;复发率治疗组为3.70%（2/54）,明显低于对照组的20.83%（10/48）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：四妙散联合中药外敷治疗痛风性关节炎,可抑制患者炎症,减少氧化应激损伤,降低UA水平,减轻疼痛,提高临床疗效及生活质量,降低复发率。     

南海深海氮循环微生物的原位培养与多样性分析

目的：探讨中焦宣痹汤对痛风性关节炎患者血清及关节滑膜液炎性因子水平的影响。方法：将90例痛风性关节炎患者随机分为2组,每组各45例。对照组采用依托考昔片治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加中焦宣痹汤治疗。对比2组综合疗效及血清、关节滑膜液炎性因子水平。结果：总有效率治疗组为95.56%,对照组为60.00%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组血清及关节组织滑膜液中各项炎性因子水平治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：中焦宣痹汤治疗痛风性关节炎可有效改善患者临床症状,降低血清及关节滑膜液炎性因子水平。     

四君子汤治疗重度烧伤32 例临床观察

目的：观察四君子汤联合西药治疗重度烧伤患者的临床疗效及对炎症因子水平的影响。方法：回顾性分析64 例重度烧伤患者临床资料,将使用西医常规治疗的32 例归为对照组,将西医治疗联合四君子汤治疗的32 例归为治疗组,疗程均为4周,对比2组患者的临床疗效、炎症因子及免疫功能指标水平。结果：总有效率治疗组为96.88%（31/32）,对照组为75.00%（24/32）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组免疫功能指标水平［免疫球蛋白M（IgM）、免疫球蛋白A（IgA）、免疫球蛋白G（IgG）］较对照组高,炎性因子［肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-6（IL-6）、γ干扰素（IFN-γ）］水平较对照组降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：重度烧伤患者使用西药联合四君子汤治疗,疗效较好,可降低患者炎性反应,提高免疫功能。     

穴位注射血栓通对脑卒中后肢体偏瘫患者下肢运动功能及表面肌电图的影响

目的：观察穴位注射血栓通对脑卒中后肢体偏瘫患者下肢运动功能及表面肌电图的影响。方法：将70 例脑卒中后肢体偏瘫患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各35 例。2组均予西医常规合康复训练治疗,治疗组在此基础上予以穴位注射血栓通注射液（取穴为环跳、殷门、足三里、丰隆）治疗,隔天1次,1周3次。2组疗程均为4周。比较2组临床痉挛指数(CSI)评分、简化Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)评分及改良 Barthel指数评定量表(MBI)评分,并检测2组股四头肌、腓肠肌及胫骨前肌的表面肌电图积分肌电值（iEMG）。结果：2组CSI、FMA、MBI评分及各项iEMG治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：穴位注射血栓通注射液能减轻脑卒中后肢体偏瘫患者痉挛程度,改善运动功能,提高生活自理能力,其机制可能与调节表面肌电信号有关。     

逐瘀汤口服及足浴对股骨头坏死患者术后的影响

目的：观察逐瘀汤口服及足浴对股骨头坏死（ONFH）患者术后的影响。方法：将120 例股骨头坏死术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各60 例。对照组口服仙灵骨葆胶囊干预,观察组给予逐瘀汤口服及足浴干预,疗程均为2 个月。观察2组患者治疗前及术后12 个月面部表情疼痛量表（FPS-R）评分和Harris髋关节评分系统评分,检测血清金属离子［钼（Mo）、铬（Cr）、钴（Co）］的水平和血清炎性因子［肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-18（IL-18）］的含量。结果：研究期间观察组脱落2 例,对照组脱落5 例。2组FPS-R评分、Harris评分、血清金属离子Mo、Cr、Co水平及TNF-a、IL-6、IL-18水平治疗前、术后12 个月组内比较及术后12 个月组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：逐瘀汤口服及足浴可有效改善股骨头坏死患者术后的临床症状,值得临床推广应用。     

拔罐疗法联合面肌功能训练治疗周围性面瘫30例总结

目的：观察拔罐疗法联合面肌功能训练治疗周围性面瘫的临床疗效。方法：将60 例周围性面瘫患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。对照组给予常规西药和针刺治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上配合拔罐疗法和面肌功能训练治疗。通过House-Brackmann（H-B）分级标准及面神经（颧肌、颊肌）肌电图波幅评定2组面神经功能。结果：总有效率治疗组为93.33%（28/30）,高于对照组的73.33%（22/30）,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。2组的颧肌、颊肌肌电图波幅均较治疗前增大,且治疗组改善程度较对照组明显,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.01或P<0.05）。结论：在常规西药与针刺疗法的基础上联合拔罐及面肌功能训练治疗周围性面瘫能提高疗效,值得临床推广应用。     

中西医结合治疗急性脑梗死42例临床观察

目的：观察中西医结合治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法：将急性脑梗死患者84例随机分为2组各42例。对照组单用西医常规治疗,治疗组采用中西医结合治疗。观察2组综合疗效及对血清炎性因子、神经功能的影响。结果：总有效率治疗组为88.10%,对照组为69.05%,组间比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组血清TNF-α、IL-6、hs-CRP水平及神经功能NIHSS评分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：中西医结合治疗急性脑梗死有较好的临床疗效,可明显改善患者神经功能,降低血清炎性因子水平。     

独活寄生汤联合消炎散外敷治疗膝骨关节炎33 例

目的：观察独活寄生汤联合消炎散外敷对膝骨关节炎(KOA)肝肾亏虚证的临床疗效及炎症因子的影响。方法：将72 例KOA肝肾亏虚证患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组各36 例。对照组予以常规抗炎、止痛治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上予以独活寄生汤联合消炎散外敷治疗,疗程均为2个月,观察2组临床疗效,西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）量表积分及关节液白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF -α）、核因子（NF）-κB p65水平。结果：治疗组脱落3例,最终纳入33 例,对照组脱落1例,最终纳入35 例。总有效率治疗组为87.88%（29/33）,对照组为77.14%（27/35）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后2组WOMAC量表积分及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF -α、NF-κB p65水平均较治疗前降低,且治疗组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。结论：独活寄生汤联合消炎散外敷治疗KOA肝肾亏虚证有一定疗效,其作用机制可能与改善炎症因子水平有关。     

黄连温胆汤联合左旋氨氯地平治疗高血压病合并睡眠障碍30例总结

目的：探讨黄连温胆汤联合左旋氨氯地平在阴阳两虚型高血压病合并睡眠障碍中的效果及对血清5-羟色胺（5-HT）的影响。方法：将阴阳两虚型高血压病合并睡眠障碍患者60 例随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。对照组予以左旋氨氯地平、佐匹克隆片治疗,治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上给予黄连温胆汤治疗。观察2组治疗前与治疗后1、2、3个月的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）评分、夜间最低血压及血清5-HT的变化。结果：治疗后1、2、3个月,治疗组的PSQI评分、夜间最低血压均低于对照组,血清5-HT高于对照组,组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：黄连温胆汤联合左旋氨氯地平在阴阳两虚型高血压病合并睡眠障碍的治疗中,可以有效改善患者的睡眠质量,控制患者的夜间最低血压,提高血清5-HT水平。     

温胞饮合桃红四物汤对宫腔粘连分离术后患者相关指标的影响

目的：观察温胞饮合桃红四物汤对宫腔镜下宫腔粘连分离术后患者相关指标的影响。方法：选取中度宫腔粘连术后患者40 例,将其随机分成治疗组和对照组,每组各20 例。对照组采用人工周期法治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用温胞饮合桃红四物汤治疗,治疗3个月后观察2组月经量评分、子宫内膜厚度和子宫动脉血流参数［搏动指数（PI）、阻力指数（RI）］情况。结果：术后3个月2组月经量评分和子宫内膜厚度均增加,PI和RI均降低,且治疗组改善幅度较对照组更为明显,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：温饱饮合桃红四物汤可改善宫腔粘连分离术后患者的月经量、子宫内膜厚度及子宫动脉血流参数。     

Variability in low tide populations of tuatua,Paphies donacina,in Pegasus Bay,Canterbury, New Zealand

Paphies donacina (Spengler, 1793) populations were surveyed at 11 low tide sites on surf beaches along Pegasus Bay, Canterbury, New Zealand, during summer 1998. Random sampling was not feasible. At the non‐random sites chosen the average number of tuatua per 5 m of shoreline ranged between 0.1 and 62. Total wet weight biomass m^‐2 was highest at the southern sites in the Bay. There were site‐related differences in length frequency distributions of tuatua populations. Northern populations included a wide length range and southern populations were dominated by larger bivalves. Average shell length increased significantly with distance south, being close to 40 mm at Waikuku and 80 mm at Taylors Mistake. The shell length: width and weight relationships were similar for tuatua collected over the whole geographic range. Average dry weight condition index varied significantly between sites (ANOVA F= 23.3, d.f. = 10, 329) depending on the length distribution of the contributing population. Where populations included a wide length range the condition index was positively correlated with shell length but in populations dominated by larger bivalves there was either no relationship or a negative relationship with shell length. Juvenile tuatua were found at average densities between 81 and 1200 m^‐2 at all sites except Taylors Mistake. The mean length of recruits ranged from 2.2 to 3.1 mm and shell length was independent of both juvenile and adult density. These results are discussed in relation to the environmental and other factors thought to influence population structure and recruitment of tuatua in Pegasus Bay.     

Distribution, abundance, and growth of larval tautog, Tautoga onitis, in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA

Tautog, Tautoga onitis, is an abundant species of fish in estuaries of the northeastern United States. Planktonic tautog larvae are abundant in summer in these estuaries, but there is little information on rates of growth of tautog larvae feeding on natural assemblages of food in the plankton. We examined abundance and growth of larval tautog and environmental factors during weekly sampling at three sites along a nearshore‐to‐offshore transect in Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts, USA during summer 1994. This is the first study of a robust sample size (336 larvae) to estimate growth rates of field‐caught planktonic tautog larvae feeding on natural diets, using the otolith daily‐growth‐increment method. The study was over the entire summer period when tautog larvae were in the plankton. The sampling sites contrasted in several environmental variables including temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and chlorophyll a concentration. There was a temporal progression in the abundance of tautog larvae over the summer, in relation to location and temperature. Tautog larvae were first present nearshore, with a pronounced peak in abundance occurring at the nearshore sites during the last 2 weeks in June. Larvae were absent at this time further offshore. From late June through August, larval abundance progressively decreased nearshore, but increased offshore although never approaching the abundance levels observed at the nearshore sites. The distribution and abundance of tautog larvae appeared to be related to a nearshore‐to‐offshore seasonal warming trend and a nearshore decrease in DO. Otoliths from 336 larvae ranging from 2.3 to 7.7 mm standard length had otolith increment counts ranging from 0 to 19 increments. Growth of larval tautog was estimated at 0.23 mm·day^?1, and length of larvae prior to first increment formation was estimated at 2.8 mm indicating that first increment formation occurs 3–4 days after hatching at 2.2 mm. Despite spatial and temporal differences in environmental factors, there were no significant differences in growth rates at any of three given sites over time, or between sites. Because larval presence only occurred at a narrow range of temperature (17–23.5 °C) and DO (6.5–9.3 mg·l^?1), in situ differences in growth did not appear to be because of differences in larval distribution and abundance patterns relative to these parameters.     

Submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner,Marion, Katrine,Taylor, and Sheppard in Canterbury,New Zealand

The submerged vegetation of Lakes Sumner, Marion, Katrine, Taylor, and Sheppard was surveyed in May 1987. These high‐altitude lakes lie at c. 600 m a.s.l., within the largely unmodified upper Hurunui catchment. Submerged vegetation was diverse and included numerous short shallow‐water species, dense swards of Isoetes alpinus, low covers of taller native vascular plants, and charophyte meadows beyond the depth limit of vascular plants to a maximum of 15 m. A sparse deepwater bryophyte community was observed from 11 to 32 m depth in Lake Sumner. Displacement of native vegetation by dense growths of the adventive oxygen weed Elodea canadensis over mid‐depths of 3–6 m was noted in all lakes, except Lake Marion.     

Determination of Na,K, Mg,Ca, Fe,and Mn in organic particulate matter in seawater by atomic absorption

A method for the determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of six major inorganic components of the organic particulate matter in seawater is described. Particles were formed by shaking aliquots of filtered seawater. The yield of aggregates varied greatly in replicate samples. The major factors in the variability of the analyses are the high and variable filter blank values for the elements of interest.     

Enrichments in Hg,Cd, As,and Sb in recent sediments of Azores-Iceland Ridge

Mercury, cadmium, arsenic, and antimony were analyzed in cores sampled on the Azores-Iceland Ridge. High values of 780 g · kg^–1 for Hg, 1.7 g · g^–1 for Cd, 87 g · g^–1 for As, and 8.1 g · g^–1 for Sb occur in the rift valley and transform faults. These enrichments, strictly linked to the ridge, could not have an allochtonous origin. A local hydrogenous flux may explain this phenomenon. These metallic enrichments may be connected to a hydrothermal activity extended between 43° N and 47° N.     

Abundance, Biomass, Production and Trophic Roles of Micro- and Net-Zooplankton in Ise Bay, Central Japan, in Winter

We investigated the geographical variations in abundance and biomass of the major taxonomic groups of micro- and net-zooplankton along a transect through Ise Bay, central Japan, and neighboring Pacific Ocean in February 1995. The results were used to estimate their secondary and tertiary production rates and assess their trophic roles in this eutrophic embayment in winter. Ise Bay nourished a much higher biomass of both micro- and net-zooplankton (mean: 3.79 and 13.9 mg C m^–3, respectively) than the offshore area (mean: 0.76 and 4.47 mg C m^–3, respectively). In the bay, tintinnid ciliates, naked ciliates and copepod nauplii accounted for, on average, 69, 18 and 13% of the microzooplankton biomass, respectively. Of net-zooplankton biomass, copepods (i.e. Acartia, Calanus, Centropages, Microsetella and Paracalanus) formed the majority (mean: 63%). Average secondary production rates of micro- and net-zooplankton in the bay were 1.19 and 1.87 mg C m^–3d^–1 (or 23.1 and 36.4 mg C m^–2d^–1), respectively, and average tertiary production rate of net-zooplankton was 0.75 mg C m^–3d^–1 (or 14.6 mg C m^–2d^–1). Available data approximated average phytoplankton primary production rate as 1000 mg C m^–2d^–1 during our study period. The transfer efficiency from primary production to zooplankton secondary production was 6.0%, and the efficiency from secondary production to tertiary production was 25%. The amount of food required to support the zooplankton secondary production corresponded to 18% of the phytoplankton primary production or only 1.7% of the phytoplankton biomass, demonstrating that the grazing impact of herbivorous zooplankton was minor in Ise Bay in winter.     

The behavior of Zn,Cd, Cu,Ni, Co,Fe, and Mn in anoxic baltic waters

In June 1981, dissolved Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Co, Fe, and Mn were determined from two detailed profiles in anoxic Baltic waters (with extra data for Fe and Mn from August 1979). Dramatic changes across the O₂H₂S interface occur in the abundances of Cu, Co, Fe, and Mn (by factors of ?100). The concentrations of Zn, Cd, and Ni at the redox front decrease by factors between 3 to 5.Equilibrium calculations are presented for varying concentrations of hydrogen sulfide and compared with the field data. The study strongly supports the assumption that the solubility of Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni is greatly enhanced and controlled by the formation of bisulfide and(or) polysulfide complexes. Differences between predicted and measured concentrations of these elements are mainly evident at lower ΣH₂S concentrations.Cobalt proved to be very mobile in anoxic regions, and the results indicate that the concentrations are limited by CoS precipitation. The iron (Fe²⁺) and manganese (Mn²⁺) distribution in sulfide-containing waters is controlled by total flux from sediment-water interfaces rather than by equilibrium concentrations of their solid phases (FeS and MnCO₃). The concentrations of these metals are therefore expected to increase with prolonged stagnation periods in the basin.     

Destruction of Atmospheric Ozone in Ox,HOx, NOx,ClOx, BrOx,and IOx Catalytic Cycles

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Data on the relative contribution of the Ox, HOx, NOx, ClOx, BrOx, and IOx catalytic cycles to atmospheric ozone destruction are given for June and...     

Evidence of Ostrea lurida Carpenter, 1864, population structure in Puget Sound,WA, USA

Species traits that carry adaptive advantages such as reproductive timing and stress resilience may differ among populations. Knowledge and consideration of these traits should, therefore, be integrated into conservation efforts that include long‐term persistence of species. To test for adaptive differences between Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, populations a reciprocal transplant experiment was carried out monitoring survival, growth and reproduction using three established populations of O. lurida within Puget Sound, WA, USA. Performance differed for each population. Ostrea lurida from Dabob Bay had the highest survival at all sites but the lowest reproductive activity and growth. Oysters from Oyster Bay demonstrated the greatest proportion of brooding females at a majority of sites with moderate growth and survival. Together these data suggest the existence of O. lurida population structure within Puget Sound and provide information on how broodstock should be selected for restoration purposes.     

厦门同安西柯对虾养殖池的细菌数量动态

本文研究了对虾养成期间养殖池生态系中细菌的数量动态,探讨其变化规律与虾病的关系。结果表明,总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌在水体、底质和虾体中的数量变化各异。在水体各菌数与其环境因子的关系中,除了总菌数与COD存在着正相关外,其它的不存在相关性。虾体的总细菌、弧菌和发光细菌的数量（以细胞计）可以用来预报虾病,三者的阅值分别为107个　／g（湿重）、105个／g（湿重）和104介／g（湿重）。通过对对虾的细菌学跟踪监测,可以及时采取有效的应急防治措施。