滇西腾冲地块高黎贡群变质沉积岩时代与原特提斯洋俯冲/增生：来自碎屑锆石U- Pb定年和岩石地球化学证据

滇西腾冲地块高黎贡群变质沉积岩时代和构造背景的厘定对正确认识原特提斯构造域演化过程及腾冲地块与冈瓦纳大陆之间的关系十分关键。岩石学、岩石地球化学结果表明,高黎贡群变质岩由变质沉积岩和变质岩浆岩组成,前者以片岩和副片麻岩为主,夹少量大理岩和石英岩,其原岩由一套杂砂岩、泥岩夹少量灰岩、硅质岩岩石组合,为深海-半深海相沉积物,形成于活动大陆边缘环境。碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年结果表明高黎贡群变质沉积岩中的锆石主要来源于与罗迪尼亚、冈瓦纳超大陆拼合及原特提斯洋俯冲有关的岩浆岩(900~1000Ma和500~600Ma),少量来源于中元古代地层(1500~1600Ma和2300~2400Ma)。4件样品中最年轻碎屑锆石群的加权平均年龄(507~510Ma)及没有出现有意义的小于470Ma碎屑锆石,表明高黎贡群变质沉积岩原岩形成于510~470Ma,是晚寒武世-早奥陶世早期原特提斯洋壳向冈瓦纳大陆下俯冲过程中,在俯冲带上盘沉积的含有大量该期火成岩碎屑的斜坡相沉积物。     

青藏高原纳木错西缘新元古代中期岩浆事件:对北拉萨地块起源的约束

本文报道了青藏高原北拉萨地块纳木错西缘变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的锆石U-Pb定年、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素分析结果。锆石LA-ICP-MS定年结果表明,变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的原岩形成时代分别为720±6Ma和732±7Ma,相当于新元古代中期。变质辉长岩为钙碱性系列,具有Nb、Ta和Ti负异常,与岛弧玄武岩类似。变质辉长岩中锆石具有较高的εHf(t)值(+5. 2～+9. 7),应当是源自俯冲环境下相对亏损的地幔楔。花岗片麻岩原岩为I型花岗质岩石,并且具有较为均一的锆石εHf(t)值(-3. 3～+0. 3),可能形成于地壳内古元古代变质火成岩的部分熔融作用。结合区域地质资料,变质辉长岩和花岗片麻岩的原岩应当形成于新元古代中期的洋壳俯冲消减过程。北拉萨地块上的前寒武纪岩浆和变质记录与东非造山带的活动时限较为一致,因而北拉萨地块可能与东非造山带具有亲缘性。     

滇西南大红山群变火山-沉积岩地球化学属性、年代格架及其构造意义

云南新平地区大红山群出露于扬子地块西南缘,主要由低绿片岩相-角闪岩相变质的火山-沉积岩组成。大红山群的岩石成因、年代格架及其形成的构造背景缺乏系统研究,制约了地质学家们全面认识和理解扬子西南缘<~1.75 Ga的构造演化历史。本文以大红山群底部老厂河组变沉积岩及其内部变火山岩夹层为重点研究对象,开展岩相学、全岩地球化学和锆石U-Pb定年等综合研究。岩石地球化学研究结果表明,变沉积岩的化学成分与大陆上地壳沉积物成分接近,原岩为成熟度较高的泥岩/页岩,未经历沉积再循环,形成于被动大陆边缘的构造背景;变火山岩原岩化学成分相当于钙碱性过铝质A型流纹岩,形成于造山后的大陆裂谷拉张环境。锆石U-Pb定年结果显示,老厂河组变沉积岩的碎屑锆石记录了2.3~2.2 Ga和1.9~1.75 Ga两个主年龄峰以及2.7~2.6 Ga次年龄峰。结合前人研究结果,表明大红山群物源主要来源于扬子地块西南缘的太古宙-古元古代基底岩石。变火山岩样品的岩浆锆石核部记录了1 713~1 711 Ma的年龄,应代表老厂河组原岩的形成时代,锆石的变质增生边限定峰期变质时代为约843 Ma。综合前人研究结果表明,大红山群普遍经历了849~837 Ma的新元古代变质事件。综上所述,扬子地块西南缘的大红山群完好记录了与Columbia超大陆裂解有关的非造山岩浆活动,新元古代变质事件可能与Rodinia超大陆裂解和聚合过程密切相关。     

佳木斯地块中部兴东岩群大盘道岩组U-Pb年代学证据

为了查明佳木斯地块中部双鸭山地区出露的兴东岩群大盘道岩组的形成时代及其地质背景,对其主量元素进行了分析,结果表明：该区变质岩岩石化学特征为富铝,原岩可能为砂岩、泥质岩、硅质岩和白云岩夹中基性火山岩,岩石系列属岛弧低钾拉斑玄武岩系列,构造环境可能为岛弧及活动性大陆边缘环境.对大盘道岩组石榴夕线钾长片麻岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年,结果表明佳木斯地块兴东岩群中的火山岩形成时代应大于1000 Ma,因此兴东岩群大盘道岩组形成时代应在中-新元古代.     

福建龙海深澳变质岩锆石U-Pb同位素年代学及地质意义

通过研究福建龙海深澳变质岩岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素年代学特征,探讨研究区变质岩的源岩、原岩和构造动力变质的年代学特征及其地质意义。结果表明该区变质岩属副变质岩,原岩为火山—沉积岩类。锆石U-Pb同位素定年的结果主要有:(1)1572±39 Ma及2149±39 Ma,为中元古代和古元古代基底的区域变质年龄;(2)248.1±8.1Ma及250.4±2.4Ma,为早、晚三叠世火山—岩浆年龄;(3)186.4±6.6 Ma,为早侏罗世火山—沉积岩形成年龄;(4)156.7±2.0Ma,为晚侏罗世韧性剪切变形、变质形成二云石英糜棱岩或片岩的峰期年龄。     

华夏地块基底变质岩同位素年龄数据评述

根据基底正变质岩原岩的同位素年龄、地壳岩石中继承锆石U-Pb年龄和变质沉积岩的Nd模式年龄数据, 华夏地块存在一个主要由古元古代和中元古代地壳组成的变质基底. 我们在使用文献中报道的Sm-Nd等时线年龄数据时要慎重, 必须根据同源、同时、封闭和具有合适母子体比值的等时线判别原则对其合理性进行鉴别的基础上才能确定取舍. 继承锆石U-Pb年龄和Nd模式年龄都大于基底变质岩的原岩形成年龄, 因而它们不能代表基底的地层年龄. 对于继承锆石U-Pb年龄和Nd模式年龄反映的华夏地块广大区域内存在太古代地壳再循环组分, 不能笼统认为来自遥远的华北地块而排除华夏地块本身存在太古代地壳的可能性. 华夏地块是否存在太古代地质体, 应引起我们高度重视, 值得进行进一步研究和确定     

北祁连榴辉岩相变沉积岩的特征及其构造意义

在北祁连造山带中,出露典型的高压/低温变质岩石,前人对其中的低温榴辉岩已做过较多的研究,但对其中的变沉积岩研究涉及很少.本文展示了榴辉岩相变质沉积岩的岩石学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素方面的一些新的研究结果.变沉积岩含有榴辉岩相的矿物组合,峰期温压条件为t= 450～520℃,p=1.9～2.3 GPa,与相邻榴辉岩的温压条件一致.地球化学显示这些岩石的原岩为不成熟的沉积岩,可能形成于大陆边缘或大陆岛弧环境.变沉积岩中的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要集中在1800 Ma左右和540～600 Ma之间,结合锆石Hf同位素特征,表明其原岩的碎屑来源既有周缘陆块的前寒武纪变质基底物质,又有新元古代-早古生代新生洋壳或增生物质.同时,这些数据也表明北祁连早古生代洋壳俯冲过程中发生了活动大陆边缘的构造剥蚀作用,即形成于上盘的沉积物(弧前盆地或增生楔)被构造作用运移到俯冲带中,并俯冲到60～70km深处,遭受榴辉岩相变质作用,然后折返到地表.     

青藏高原拉萨地块西部念青唐古拉岩群的地球化学特征及构造意义

拉萨地块西部呈断块状沿狮泉河-申扎-嘉黎蛇绿混杂岩带附近分布的念青唐古拉岩群被认为是前寒武纪变质基底。本文对念青唐古拉岩群进行了系统的岩石学、地球化学、同位素年代学及构造地质学研究。研究结果表明片岩-片麻岩-变粒岩含十字石、石榴子石等特征变质矿物,遵循粒度分异规律,其原岩可能为来自冈瓦纳古陆核北缘中新元古代弧盆体系的活动大陆边缘浊积岩。斜长角闪岩具低硅、高铁镁、富钙的基性岩特征,其原岩为岛弧型基性火山岩。念青唐古拉岩群中的花岗伟晶岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄为1150±13Ma,具过铝质S型花岗岩地球化学特征,可能为中元古代(1150±13 Ma)以前就开始沉积的念青唐古拉岩群基底岩石通过部分熔融形成。与花岗伟晶岩渐变过渡接触的二云斜长片麻岩第一组变质重结晶锆石U-Pb年龄为701±15 Ma,结合十字石特征变质矿物,暗示了该地区中温高压变质作用的峰期变质,变质程度达角闪岩相;第二组热液流体锆石UPb年龄为301±8.4 Ma,可能与冈瓦纳大陆北缘古特提斯洋演化过程中的岩浆热液作用有关。     

滇西北石鼓变质杂岩的地质特征及年代学研究

位于扬子板块西缘的滇西北石鼓变质杂岩主要岩石类型为石英二云片岩、斜长片麻岩、片麻岩、石榴子石云母片岩、石榴石蓝晶石云母片岩等。综合石鼓变质岩岩相学、野外地质和岩石地球化学特征,认为其原岩主要为一套砂质、泥砂质的杂砂岩,含少量的黏土物质。通过4件年龄样品的LA-ICPMS锆石U-Pb测年,显示其变质年龄为863～883Ma,是元古代晚期变质作用的年龄,原岩应为中元古宙变质基底。石鼓变质岩的原岩沉积环境为活动大陆边缘、大陆岛弧。发生在晚元古时期的区域变质作用,应为扬子陆块周缘向扬子陆块俯冲碰撞所致,可能与Rodinia超大陆的形成和裂解过程有关。     

辽东黑沟地区辽河群成因及其对辽吉造山带构造演化的制约

辽东黑沟地区出露大面积辽河群变质表壳岩系,本文通过对辽河群中浅粒岩、黑云变粒岩、斜长角闪岩以及辽吉花岗岩等岩石系统的岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学,并结合斜长角闪岩的地球化学特征来制约其原岩形成、变质时代和沉积环境,进而探讨辽吉造山带的大地构造属性。研究区辽河群变质火山岩和侵入其中的辽吉花岗岩锆石U-Pb定年结果显示区内辽河群形成时代早于～2.16Ga,辽吉花岗岩及辽河群变质岩中的变质锆石定年结果显示区内峰期变质年龄为～1.85Ga左右。锆石阴极发光(CL)图像显示区内辽河群变质沉积岩中的锆石具有清晰震荡环带,说明其具有岩浆成因的碎屑锆石特征,锆石U-Pb年龄分布直方图上显示1987Ma、2182Ma、2505Ma的主峰和2080Ma、2658Ma、2732Ma、3000Ma的次峰,峰值年龄与区域上古元古代弧岩浆岩及太古宙基底年龄相吻合,暗示它们为辽河群沉积岩提供了重要物源。区内辽河群斜长角闪岩属于拉斑玄武岩系列,以低TiO_2和低MgO为特征,轻稀土轻微富集,并具有明显P以及轻微的Nb、Ta、Zr亏损,地球化学特征总体类似于MORB,同时兼具IAB的地球化学特征,不同于弧玄武岩和板内玄武岩,显示出有限的俯冲相关流体的交代作用,指示其形成于弧后盆地环境。结合前人对辽吉造山带内古元古代花岗岩和辽河群的研究成果,认为区内辽河群的沉积环境为活动大陆边缘弧后盆地,辽吉造山带的形成演化与弧-陆碰撞有关。     

安徽北淮阳构造带基底变质岩的构造属性

安徽北淮阳构造带的基底由一套变火山沉积岩建造 (即原称庐镇关群 )所组成。岩类学、岩石地球化学、年代学的研究表明 ,这套火山岩属碱性玄武岩系列、拉斑玄武岩系列和钙碱性玄武岩系列 ,分别形成于中元古宙陆内裂解 (扩张 )带和晚元古宙岛弧两种构造环境 ,其中以岛弧环境火山岩为主要部分 ,由此可以证明北淮阳构造带是在中元古宙陆内裂解带基础上发展起来的古弧系 ,具有大陆型基底性质     

Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of Neoproterozoic meta-basites and meta-granitoids within the central Dabie UHP zone,China: Geochronological and geochemical constraints

A combined geochemical (whole-rock elements and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes, zircon trace elements and Hf isotopes) and geochronological (zircon U–Pb ages) study was carried out on the relatively low-grade meta-basites and meta-granitoids from Longjingguan within the central Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic zone, east-central China. Zircon investigations indicate that the meta-basites were formed at ∼772 Ma and subsequently experienced granulite-facies metamorphism at ∼768 Ma and a later thermal overprint at ∼746 Ma, while the meta-granitoids recorded three groups of zircon ages at ca. 819 Ma, 784 Ma and 746 Ma. The meta-granitoids can be subdivided into low-Si and high-Si types, and they were derived from mid-Neoproterozoic partial melting of the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic basement rocks of the South China Block, respectively. These Neoproterozoic zircon ages are consistent with the protolith ages of the Dabie Triassic UHP meta-igneous rocks. In addition, the low-grade rocks have bulk-rock Pb isotope compositions overlapping with the UHP meta-igneous rocks. Therefore, the low-grade meta-basites and meta-granitoids could be interpreted as counterparts of the UHP meta-igneous rocks in this area, suggesting the same petrogenesis for their protoliths in the Neoproterozoic.Trace element patterns indicate that the low-grade rocks have better preserved their protolith compositions than their equivalent UHP rocks, and thus they are more suitable for elucidating the Neoproterozoic evolution of the northern margin of the South China Block. Zircon ages combined with geochemical features strongly suggest that the protoliths of the meta-granitoids and meta-basites were formed in a magmatic arc and a continental rifting setting, respectively. More specifically, the granitoids derived from partial melting of Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic basement materials at ∼819 Ma in a magmatic arc setting, whereas the precursors of the meta-basites are products of a continental rifting event at about 784 to 772 Ma. The obtained results provide new geochronological and geochemical constraints for the Neoproterozoic evolution of the northern margin of the South China Block, which can further contribute to the understanding of the breakup of the supercontinent Rodinia.     

海南公爱地区抱板群花岗片麻岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

海南岛地处华南陆块南缘,紧邻印支陆块,大地构造位置独特,其地质特征一直备受关注。厘定该地区中元古代岩石的成因对恢复华南中元古代构造演化具有重要意义。海南岛西部公爱地区花岗质岩石与围岩抱板群变沉积岩呈侵入接触关系,绝大部分岩石片麻状构造发育、韧性剪切标志明显。这些岩石高SiO_2、K_2O、Al_2O_3、Rb、U,贫CaO、MgO、FeO~T、TiO_2,铝饱和指数A/CNK1.1,具S型花岗岩特点,稀土元素配分模式类似于抱板群变沉积岩,全岩ε_(Nd)(t)=-2.02~-2.38,Nd同位素二阶段亏损模式年龄(t_(DM2)~(Nd))为2.2~2.3 Ga,锆石Hf同位素ε_(Hf)(t)=-5.4~4.0,Hf同位素二阶段亏损模式年龄t_(DM2)~(Hf)=1.71~2.53 Ga。对四个代表性花岗片麻岩样品进行LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,其~(207)Pb/~(206)Pb加权平均年龄为1444±15 Ma、1439±19 Ma、1433±31 Ma和1450±23 Ma,属中元古代。综合区域研究资料认为,海南岛西部公爱地区中元古代花岗质岩石的熔融源区为类似抱板群变沉积岩组分,推测其产出于大陆边缘构造背景,是哥伦比亚超大陆边缘的增生产物。     

The Namuskluft and Dreigratberg sections in southern Namibia (Kalahari Craton,Gariep Belt): a geological history of Neoproterozoic rifting and recycling of cratonic crust during the dispersal of Rodinia until the amalgamation of Gondwana

This paper presents combined U/Pb, Th/U and Hf isotope analyses on detrital and magmatic zircon grains together with whole-rock geochemical analyses of two basement and eight sedimentary rock samples from the Namuskluft and the Dreigratberg in southern Namibia (Gariep Belt). The sedimentary sections evolved during the Cryogenian on the SW part of the Kalahari Craton and where therefore deposited in an active rift setting during the break-up of Rodinia. Due to insufficient palaeomagnetic data, the position of the Kalahari Craton within Rodinia is still under discussion. There are possibilities to locate Kalahari along the western side of Australia/Mawsonland (Pisarevski et al. in Proterozoic East Gondwana: supercontinent assembly and break-up, Geological Society, London, 2003; Evans in Ancient Orogens and modern analogues. Geological Society, London, 2009; and others) or together with the Congo-Sao Francisco and Rio de la Plata Cratons (Li et al. in Prec Res 45: 203–2014, 2008; Frimmel et al. in Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 100: 323–354, 2011; and others). It is sill unclear which craton rifted away from the Kalahari Craton during the Cryogenian. Although Middle to Upper Cryogenian magmatic activity is known for the SE Kalahari Craton (our working area) (Richtersveld Suite, Rosh Pinah Fm), all the presented samples show no U/Pb zircon ages younger than ca. 1.0 Ga and non-older than 2.06 Ga. The obtained U/Pb ages fit very well to the exposed basement of the Kalahari Craton (1.0–1.4 Ga Namaqua Province, 1.7–2.0 Ga Vioolsdrif Granite Suite and Orange River Group) and allow no correlation with a foreign craton such as the Rio de la Plata or Australia/Mawsonland. Lu–Hf isotopic signatures of detrital zircon point to the recycling of mainly Palaeoproterozoic and to a smaller amount of Archean crust in the source areas. εHf(t) signatures range between ?24 and +14.8, which relate to T_DM model ages between 1.05 and 3.1 Ga. Only few detrital zircon grains derived from magmas generated from Mesoproterozoic crustal material show more juvenile εHf(t) signatures of +14, +8 to +4 with T_DM model ages of 1.05–1.6 Ga. During Neoproterozoic deposition, only old cratonic crust with an inherited continental arc signature was available in the source area clearly demonstrated by Hf isotope composition of detrital zircon and geochemical bulk analysis of sedimentary rocks. The granodiorites of the Palaeoproterozoic basement underlying Namuskluft section are ca. 1.9 Ga old and show εHf(t) signatures of ?3 to ?5.5 with T_DM model ages of 2.4–2.7 Ga. These basement rocks demonstrate the extreme uplift and deep erosion of the underlying Kalahari Craton at its western margin before general subsidence during Cryogenian and Ediacaran time. The sedimentary sequence of the two examined sections (Namuskluft and Dreigratberg) proposes the presence of a basin and an increasing subsidence at the SW part of the Kalahari Craton during the Cryogenian. Therefore, we propose the initial formation of an intra-cratonic sag basin during the Lower Cryogenian that evolved later to a rift basin at the cratonic margin due to increasing crustal tension and rifting together with the opening of the Adamastor Ocean. As the zircons of the sedimentary rocks filling this basin show neither rift-related U/Pb ages nor an exotic craton as a possible source area, the only plausible sedimentary transport direction providing the found U/Pb ages would be from the E or the SE, directly from the heart of the Kalahari Craton. Due to subsidence and ongoing sedimentation from E/SE directions, the rift-related magmatic rocks were simply covered by the input of old intra-cratonic material that explains the absence of Neoproterozoic zircon grains in our samples. The geochemical analyses show the erosion of a continental arc and related sedimentary rocks with an overall felsic provenance. The source area was a deeply eroded and incised magmatic arc that evolved on continental crust, without any evidence for a passive margin. All of this can be explained by the erosion of rocks related to the Namaqua Belt, which represents one of the two major peaks of zircon U–Pb ages in all analysed samples. Therefore, the Namaqua Belt was well exposed during the Cryogenian, available to erosion and apart from the also well-exposed Palaeoproterozoic basement of the Kalahari Craton one potential source area for the sedimentary rocks in the investigated areas.     

西昆仑地区元古宙岩浆侵入作用及构造-岩浆演化过程

通过对西昆仑地区元古代侵入岩的岩石类型、形成时代和岩石地球化学资料的综合分析,探讨各个构造单元侵入岩形成期次、岩石成因及构造-岩浆演化过程。铁克里克断隆带元古宙中酸性侵入岩以A型花岗岩为主,是塔里木板块古老基底在高温低压条件下发生部分熔融的产物。西昆仑造山带古元古代和中元古代早期中酸性侵入岩为钙碱性I型花岗岩,是变玄武岩在低温条件下部分熔融条件下形成的,而古元古代晚期和新元古代中酸性侵入岩则是高温条件下老基底岩系部分熔融而形成的A型花岗岩。甜水海地块仅发育新元古代侵入岩,为S型花岗岩,是高温高压环境下甜水海地块古老基底部分熔融而形成。根据侵入岩岩浆演化规律,将西昆仑地区元古宙划为4个演化阶段:12 426~1 567Ma:以铁克里克断隆带A型花岗岩为代表的塔里木板块陆内演化,以西昆仑造山带钙碱性-拉斑质I型花岗岩为代表的陆缘弧。21 301~1 000Ma:铁克里克断隆带和西昆仑造山带均以陆内演化性质的A型花岗岩为主。31 000~851 Ma:甜水海地块S型花岗岩可能是陆-陆碰撞导致地壳加厚的产物,指示甜水海地块可能作为Rodinia超大陆的一员发生聚合拼接作用。4815~644 Ma:铁克里克断隆带和西昆仑造山带均存在碱性基性岩浆岩和A型花岗岩的双峰式侵入岩组合,指示塔里木地块和西昆仑地块可能作为Rodinia超大陆组成部分,在该阶段发生了裂解作用。通过对元古宙侵入岩的系统分析,西昆仑地区不同构造单元地壳演化有一定差异,经历了不同演化过程。     

额尔古纳地块基底地质构造

额尔古纳地块是额尔古纳-马门-加格达奇拼合地块中的典型代表.研究表明,其基底由前中元古代绿岩及与之伴生的花岗质杂岩组成,它们具有地壳早期演化的地质构造特征.绿岩带为典型的变质基性-酸性火山岩及部分变质沉积岩系构成的火山-沉积建造,火山岩以拉斑玄武岩为主,向上过渡为钙碱性火山岩系列,表现为双峰态型特点.花岗岩类为TTG岩系及石英二长岩-花岗岩组合.花岗岩-绿岩地体内各岩石类型的岩石地球化学特征与国外太古宙及我国华北陆台花岗岩-绿岩带内同类岩石极为相似.双峰态型火山岩及绿岩建造组合,以及类似于TH2、FII型的变质基性火山岩和长英质火山岩特征,结合高铝型英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩组合,指示了研究区绿岩带的形成环境类似于大陆边缘弧后裂谷型火山-沉积盆地.     

粤东北基底变质岩的组成和形成时代

基底变质岩的成分和形成时代对揭示地壳演化至关重要.利用锆石U-Pb-Hf研究和全岩成分分析, 发现粤东北及邻区的许多基底变质岩是晚新元古代形成的沉积岩, 它们具有高的SiO₂、Rb、Zr、Y和过渡金属元素含量以及相对低的Al₂O₃、CaO、Na₂O、Sr、Nb含量.它们沉积于活动大陆边缘环境.盆地的形成与Rodinia超大陆裂解时的张性背景相关.粤东北龙川地区新元古代沉积岩主要由新太古代和中元古代碎屑物质组成, 并含少量中太古代和新元古代物质, 明显不同于闽西南和粤北地区新元占代沉积岩.粤东北这些变质岩没有受到加里东运动的强烈影响, 而是在印支期发生变质-重熔作用.      

Sedimentary recycling in arc magmas: geochemical and U–Pb–Hf–O constraints on the Mesoproterozoic Suldal Arc, SW Norway

The Hardangervidda-Rogaland Block within southwest Norway is host to ~1.52 to 1.48 Ga continental building and variable reworking during the ~1.1 to 0.9 Ga Sveconorwegian orogeny. Due to the lack of geochronological and geochemical data, the timing and tectonic setting of early Mesoproterozoic magmatism has long been ambiguous. This paper presents zircon U–Pb–Hf–O isotope data combined with whole-rock geochemistry to address the age and petrogenesis of basement units within the Suldal region, located in the centre of the Hardangervidda-Rogaland Block. The basement comprises variably deformed grey gneisses and granitoids that petrologically and geochemically resemble mature volcanic arc lithologies. U–Pb ages confirm that magmatism occurred from ~1,521 to 1,485 Ma, and conspicuously lack any xenocrystic inheritance of distinctly older crust. Hafnium isotope data range from εHf_(initial) +1 to +11, suggesting a rather juvenile magmatic source, but with possible involvement of late Palaeoproterozoic crust. Oxygen isotope data range from mantle-like (δ¹⁸O ~5 ‰) to elevated (~10 ‰) suggesting involvement of low-temperature altered material (e.g., supracrustal rocks) in the magma source. The Hf–O isotope array is compatible with mixing between mantle-derived material with young low-temperature altered material (oceanic crust/sediments) and older low-temperature altered material (continent-derived sediments). This, combined with a lack of xenoliths and xenocrysts, exposed older crust, AFC trends and S-type geochemistry, all point to mixing within a deep-crustal magma-generation zone. A proposed model comprises accretion of altered oceanic crust and the overlying sediments to a pre-existing continental margin, underthrusting to the magma-generation zone and remobilisation during arc magmatism. The geodynamic setting for this arc magmatism is comparable with that seen in the Phanerozoic (e.g., the Sierra Nevada and Coast Range batholiths), with compositions in the Suldal Sector reaching those of average upper continental crust. As within these younger examples, factors that drive magmatism towards the composition of the average continental crust include the addition of sedimentary material to magma source regions, and delamination of cumulate material. Underthrusting of sedimentary materials and their subsequent involvement in arc magmatism is perhaps a more widespread mechanism involved in continental growth than is currently recognised. Finally, the Suldal Arc magmatism represents a significant juvenile crustal addition to SW Fennoscandia.     

塔里木克拉通东北缘Columbia超大陆裂解事件：库鲁克塔格地区辉绿岩床的地球化学、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf-O同位素证据

研究塔里木克拉通东北缘库鲁克塔格地区发育的中元古代早期基性岩浆活动,对深入了解Columbia超大陆裂解过程具有重要意义。本文报道了库鲁克塔格地区侵入于兴地塔格群的阿斯廷布拉克辉绿岩床SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄,结合岩石学、地球化学和Nd-Hf-O同位素资料,对该基性岩的形成时代、岩浆起源和源区类型以及岩浆作用的动力学背景进行讨论。研究表明：辉绿岩锆石具有高Th/U比值(>1),CL图像带状分区,显示基性岩浆锆石特点,207Pb/206Pb 加权平均年龄(1 551±8) Ma代表辉绿岩的形成时代,锆石δ18O值为5.52‰~6.53‰(正态分布的峰值为5.8‰),略高于地幔锆石的变化范围。辉绿岩高FeOT(11.4%~13.4%),低MgO(5.46%~7.11%)和TiO2(1.51%~2.45%),具有拉斑质属性,轻、重稀土元素分馏明显((La/Yb)N=4.6~5.4),具弱的Eu正异常(δEu=1.05~1.27),富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素(HFSE),微量元素组成与大陆溢流玄武岩(CFB)类似,全岩Nd(εNd(t)=-3.8~-1.8)和锆石Hf(εHf(t)=-3.7~1.9)同位素均显示岩浆来自富集地幔。阿斯廷布拉克辉绿岩是被交代的大陆岩石圈地幔部分熔融的产物,形成于板内的拉张环境,与该时期全球构造演化体制相吻合,属于中元古代早期Columbia超大陆裂解事件。     

东昆仑南缘哥日卓托地区马尔争组沉积物源分析：碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学证据

为研究东昆仑南缘中下二叠统马尔争组沉积物源及沉积构造背景,对东昆仑南缘哥日卓托地区中下二叠统马尔争组进行了详细的沉积地层划分、沉积环境及碎屑锆石U-Pb年代学进行了研究。结果表明,马尔争组为一套形成于大陆斜坡半深海-深海环境的浊积岩系。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄谱可明显划分为早古生代和新元古代两个主年龄谱及古、中元古代两个次级年龄谱。主年龄谱分别为396~573Ma和727~947Ma,峰值年龄分别为421 Ma和862Ma。次级年龄谱分别为1117~1993Ma和2319~3063Ma,峰值年龄不明显。本文认为东昆仑南缘哥日卓托地区马尔争组物质来源较为复杂,显示早古生代、新元古代、中元古代和古元古代多个时代物源共同供给的特征。东昆仑造山带早古生代岩浆岩和新元古代岩浆岩为其提供了约60~65%的沉积物源,而古老的变质基底为其提供了仅约30~35%的沉积碎屑。综合区域资料认为马尔争组形成于相对稳定的被动大陆边缘沉积构造背景,该期阿尼玛卿古特提斯洋还未开始向北俯冲。