2000-2016年赤水河流域植被生态质量变化分析

为研究中国西部赤水河流域植被生态质量变化特征,本文基于MODIS归一化植被指数（NDVI）和气象监测资料,获取了中国西部赤水河流域2000-2016年植被覆盖度、净初级生产力（NPP）以及植被生态质量指数变化数据,并对17年期间植被生态质量时空变化进行分析。结果表明:（1）植被覆盖度均值从2000年的55.4%提高到了2016年的67.4%,覆盖度呈平均每10年增加6.8%的变化趋势;（2）植被NPP均值从2000年的864 gC/m2提高到了2016年的1024 gC/m2,NPP呈平均每10年增加63 gC/m2的变化趋势;（3）近年来植被生态质量显著提高,2016年植被生态质量为2000年以来最好,植被生态质量指数高达83.7。     

中国不同地区金钗石斛气候品质对比分析

利用中国贵州赤水等35个国家气象站1991—2020年的年平均气温、1月平均气温、年降水量、年平均相对湿度、年日照时数等气候标准值,应用专家打分法,确定影响金钗石斛生长发育的气候品质评价指标及其权重;基于气候品质评价指标模型,计算贵州赤水等35个不同地区金钗石斛的气候品质评价指标等级。结果表明：金钗石斛生育期主要为休眠期和茎生长期,而茎生长期主要包括萌芽期、现蕾开花期和茎采收期。建立了中国金钗石斛气候品质评价指标模型,并将气候品质评价指标分为3个等级,即最适宜为3级,适宜为2级,不适宜为1级。贵州赤水和四川合江的金钗石斛气候品质评价指标为最高等级,其各气候要素品质评价指标均为3级,总分均为2.5,表明赤水河流域地区(贵州赤水、四川合江)是全国气候条件最适宜金钗石斛生长的区域,即贵州省赤水市气候条件是金钗石斛种植最适宜区;其次是贵州罗甸、三都,四川夹江、犍为,重庆开州,广西靖西、金秀的气候条件适宜金钗石斛生长。河北安国、云南维西、湖北神农架的气候条件不适宜金钗石斛生长。     

赤水河、习水河流域降水对水位影响的研究

该文利用赤水河、习水河降水、流量、径流量、水位等资料,建立了赤水河、习水河暴雨—水位计算公式,为赤水市小流域暴雨洪涝灾害防御工作提供决策依据:赤水9月出现暴雨过程对赤水河水位影响最大;赤水24 h降水达到50 mm时,赤水河水位正常,达到100 mm时,赤水河水位将超过警戒水位,其中9月超过危急水位;赤水24 h降水达到150 mm时,赤水河水位超过危急水位。习水河由于缺乏水文数据,建立公式偏差较大,预警准确度偏低,提升习水河暴雨—洪水预警准确率需要对习水河水文资料开展收集,从而修正偏差值。     

气候变化对锡林河流域景观格局演变的影响

利用锡林浩特气象站1990—2013年的气象观测数据,得出锡林河流域地区气候在20世纪90年代为暖湿;21世纪10年代气候暖干化趋势明显。利用GIS技术和卫星遥感技术相结合的方法,分析锡林河流域景观类型的转移变化特征;采用景观格局指数分析的方法,得出锡林河流域除景观蔓延度指数减少外,其余景观格局指数均有所上升,表明区域整体景观趋于复杂、异质和不连续的斑块镶嵌特征。分析流域的气候变化对区域景观格局变化的影响,得出锡林河流域近二十多年来的气候变化与景观格局变化的规律基本吻合,气候暖干化导致锡林河流域景观格局破碎化,土地资源盐碱化,生态环境恶化。     

四川大雪山生态红线区生态环境评价与气候变化分析

基于卫星产品和地面气象观测数据,构建遥感生态指数（Remote Sensing Ecological Environment Index,RSEI）和生物多样性维护功能指数（Biodiversity Maintenance Function Index,BMI）,对 2000~2019年大雪山生态红线区的生态环境状况和生物多样性维护功能进行评价,并分析了红线区气候变化特征。结果表明：（1）2000~2019年红线区生态环境状况总体呈变好趋势,RSEI一般及以上等级所占的面积比例达90%。红线区内生态环境状况区域差异明显,北部和中部生态环境较好,东南部生态环境较差。（2）2000~2019年红线区生物多样性功能持续改善,BMI一般及以上等级所占的面积比例达84.912%。红线区内BMI一般及以上等级主要位于北部、中部和西部部分地区,差和较差等级主要分布于东南部地区。（3）1990年以来,大雪山红线区显著增暖,降水充足,日照略增,风速略减。暖湿气候条件有利于红线区生态的恢复,使生态环境状况和生态功能趋于好转。     

基于3S技术的生态环境质量监测与评价方法研究

在《生态气象观测规范（试行）》、《生态质量气象评价规范（试行）》、《生态监测指标体系》等规范性文件的基础上,结合新疆的实际情况,基于3S技术,利用CBERS和EOS／MODIS卫星数据结合前期相关专业调查成果和数据以及社会经济发展数据,研究并构建了一整套生态环境质量监测与评价的指数,如湿润指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数、灾害指数、生物丰度指数和污染负荷指数等。在此基础上,分别建立了生态质量气象监测模型与评价标准以及生态环境综合监测模型与评价标准。     

邛崃山生态环境及生物多样性遥感监测评价

为了解邛崃山生态保护红线区生态环境及生物多样性维护状况,利用卫星遥感和地形数据,运用主成分分析法,建立遥感生态指数和生物多样性维护功能指数模型,对邛崃山生态保护红线区2000~2019年生态环境状况和生物多样性状况开展监测评估。结果表明：就遥感生态指数而言,近20a区域平均值为0.642~0.680,红线区南部多为高值区,北部多为低值区,评价等级为优的区域面积呈明显上升趋势,东北部及西南部的低值区略有扩大,呈弱恶化趋势;就生物多样性维护功能指数而言,近20a区域平均值为0.482~0.522,红线区南部多为高值区,北部多为低值区,多样性功能整体表现为缓慢增强,其中功能评价等级为强的区域面积呈显著增长趋势,而东北部功能等级改善效果不明显;邛崃山生态保护红线区生态环境状况整体较好,南部优于北部,生态环境状况和生物多样性大部分区域有所提升,小部分区域有所下降。     

鱼梁河湿地公园土地利用和生境质量遥感监测分析

利用高分卫星遥感数据,对贵州鱼梁河国家湿地公园2016—2019年土地利用和生境质量变化进行监测,定量评估分析湿地公园的生态环境质量与变化情况。结果表明:(1)湿地土地利用类型主要以林地、河渠和水田为主,期间林地面积增加31.46 hm~2;(2)湿地植被恢复良好,林地植被生态改善最为明显;(3)2016—2019年湿地生境质量指数上升1.78%,生态环境质量略有上升;(4)区域生境质量变化与土地利用类型的变化直接相关,且人为因素是土地利用类型变化主要驱动力。     

基于机器学习的赤水河中下游水位预测研究

该文利用2015、2016年5—10月赤水河沿岸的茅台站、二郎站、赤水站3个水文监测站以及赤水站、习水站两个气象站逐小时采集存储的水文气象数据,基于多元线性回归、岭回归和套索回归3种机器学习方法,构建预测赤水河中下游未来6 h水位趋势的模型。结果表明,基于机器学习的方法可以较好的预测赤水河中下游未来6 h的水位情况,而利用72 h滞后量作为输入集的LASSO回归模型能取得RMSE为0.192 m的预测效果。     

近40年我国西北荒漠化区降水和气温的时空变异特征 --以塔里木河流域为例

基于土地荒漠化的涵义,以及塔里木河流域的人类活动特点和流域水系的组成状况,选择了26个与水系组成相关的气象台站1961～2000年的年降水量、夏半年(5～10月)月均气温的资料,对近40年来该区域土地荒漠化发展的气候背景和时空变异特征进行了分析.年降水量的分析结果表明,流域平均年降水量为77 mm,年降水量年际变化较稳定,变异系数为0.50;40年来各水系的年降水量普遍呈增加趋势;年降水量的空间差异较大,差异系数多年平均为2.29.气温的分析结果表明,流域多年平均气温为20℃,气温年际之间变化微弱,变异系数为0.03;从气温的变化趋势来看,流域各水系的增降趋势不同步,其中叶尔羌河流域和干流上游的气温表现为下降趋势,其他各水系为增温趋势;气温空间差异较小,多年平均为0.21.近40年降水和气温的空间差异具有缩小的趋势.     

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS DATA OF AIR–SEA TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE AND ITS VARIATION ACROSS SOUTH CHINA SEA IN THE PAST 35 YEARS

Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter.     

Could the Recent Taal Volcano Eruption Trigger an El Ni?o and Lead to Eurasian Warming?

<正>The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth’s climate and environment.     

VARIABILITY OF INTER-ANNUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE AND HUAXI REGION’S AUTUMN PRECIPITATION

The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region.     

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC CONDITIONS BEFORE THE OCCURRENCE OF TWO TYPES OF EL NIO EVENTS

The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o.     

IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATION ON THE IMMIGRATION OF NILAPARVATA LUGENS(STL) IN HUNAN AND JIANGXI PROVINCES

Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration.     

全球贸易隐含碳变化及其影响分析

基于最新的GTAP8 (Global Trade Analysis Project）数据库,使用投入产出法,分析了2004年到2007年全球贸易变化下南北集团贸易隐含碳变化及对全球碳排放的影响。结果显示,随着发展中国家进出口规模扩张,全球贸易隐含碳流向的重心逐渐向发展中国家转移。2004年到2007年,发达国家高端设备制造业和服务业出口以及发展中国家资源、能源密集型行业及中低端制造业出口的趋势加强,该过程的生产转移导致全球碳排放增长4.15亿t,占研究时段全球贸易隐含碳增量的63%。未来发展中国家的出口隐含碳比重还将进一步提高。贸易变化带来的南北集团隐含碳流动变化对全球应对气候变化行动的影响日益突出,发达国家对此负有重要责任。     

Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings

正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any     

Index to Vol.31

正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang;     

Information for Contributors

正Journal of Meteorological Research is an international academic journal in atmospheric sciences edited and published by Acta Meteorologica Sinica Press,sponsored by the Chinese Meteorological Society.It has been acting as a bridge of academic exchange between Chinese and foreign meteorologists and aiming at introduction of the current advancements in atmospheric sciences in China.The journal columns include Articles.Note and Correspondence,and research letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome.