中国大地震的天体位置特征分析

为探寻太阳系天体位置的变化对大地震发生的影响,作者分析了1900-1996年发生在中国7级以上大地震的天体位置特征和引潮力．分析结果表明,太阳系天体的特殊位置的确对地震的爆发起到了一定作用,太阳系10个天体中,又以月亮影响最大,本世纪71％的大地震发生于赤白交角从极大变为极小时期,对引潮力的分析表明,其水平分力更易触发大震,这与大震时10个天体天顶距集中分布于40°─140°之间是一致的,文中对此作了初步讨论,认为天体引潮加速度触发地震不在于某一量值,而在于其变化量的大小．     

汶川M_S8.0地震孕震机理研究

2008年5月12日发生了震惊中外的汶川Ms8．0大地震,造成了惨重的生命财产损失。自我国有详细前兆观测记录以来,这是首次发生8．0级逆冲型大地震。这样的大地震事先未能察觉,与缺少该类型大震的震例和经验有关,毕竟目前的地震预测还主要依赖已有的经验。因此,这次大地震发生后,回顾和研究已有的各种观测资料,从中寻找逆冲型大地震孕育发生的机理,     

中国30°纬圈大地震带可能的天文学成因

对 30°纬圈附近中国的 8级大震活动带的成因提出了天文学解释。认为此处一些 8级大地震的发生可能与月下点最北位置的垂直引潮力效应有关。并提出 ,如果西藏南部及其附近地区存在孕育着的大地震 ,则将在2 0 0 5～ 2 0 0 7年具有被月球引潮力触发的有利条件。     

汶川M_S8.0地震孕震机理的形变证据与模型推演

2008年5月12日发生了震惊中外的汶川Ms8.0大地震,造成了惨重的生命财产损失.自我国有详细前兆观测记录以来,这是首次发生8.0级逆冲型大地震.这样的大地震事先未能察觉,与我们缺少该类型大震的震例和经验有关,毕竟目前的地震预测还主要依赖已有的经验.     

2015年10月26日阿富汗MS7.8地震发生时间的回顾性预测

<正>2015年10月26日的MS7.8地震发生在阿富汗的巴达赫尚地区,震中位置36.5°N,70.8°E,震源深度210km。这次大震造成阿富汗、巴基斯坦数百人死亡,印度亦有数人死亡,我国新疆喀什莎车地区强烈有感。对于发震时间的回顾性预测来说,可从以下三震的时间进行讨论,分别是此次阿富汗7.8级大震及其东偏南方向于2005年10月8日发生的巴基斯坦MS7.8大震(震中位置为34.5°N,73.6°E)和1905     

汶川8.0级大震孕育的岩石圈壳-幔组合结构特征

2008年5月12日14时28分04秒,四川汶川县(31.0°N,103.4°E)发生了8.0级地震,震源深度H=14km,地震烈度达到Ⅺ度.其强度和烈度都超过了唐山大地震,是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最大的一次地震.那么,8.0级大震为什么会发生在四川西北部阿坝州的汶川地区呢?     

中国大地震的天体位置特征分析

为探寻太阳系天体位置的变化对大地震发生的影响,作者分析了1900-1996年发生在中国7级以上大地震的天体位置特征和引潮力．分析结果表明,太阳系天体的特殊位置的确对地震的爆发起到了一定作用,太阳系10个天体中,又以月亮影响最大,本世纪71％的大地震发生于赤白交角从极大变为极小时期,对引潮力的分析表明,其水平分力更易触发大震,这与大震时10个天体天顶距集中分布于40°─140°之间是一致的,文中对此作了初步讨论,认为天体引潮加速度触发地震不在于某一量值,而在于其变化量的大小．     

行星会合周期与强震的关系

行星运行都具有一定的周期性.近百年历次大震是在行星20,59,237年会合及合成与月回归下降时段内发震的.文内把近百年强震与当年天文年历及各大行星运行数据绘制地心距视赤经天象图,及5大行星黄经位置天象图,经过验证得出结论.供长期地震预报参考.     

火星和月球热历史的参量化模型研究

通过类地行星热历史的比较研究,可以更全面地了解它们的热演化过程．火星和月球不具有板块构造,研究它们的热演化过程时,考虑了岩石层逐渐加厚对行星内部对流的影响,同时也考虑了由对流传热转变为传导传热对它们热历史的影响．参量化模型计算结果表明：火星和月球岩石层随温度的逐渐降低目前大约分别增厚到320km和250km左右;并且,火星幔和月幔分别于1．6Ga前和3Ga前停止热对流,这与天文和空间探测资料一致．     

火星和月球热历史的参量化模型研究

通过类地行星热历史的比较研究,可以更全面地了解它们的热演化过程．火星和月球不具有板块构造,研究它们的热演化过程时,考虑了岩石层逐渐加厚对行星内部对流的影响,同时也考虑了由对流传热转变为传导传热对它们热历史的影响．参量化模型计算结果表明：火星和月球岩石层随温度的逐渐降低目前大约分别增厚到320km和250km左右;并且,火星幔和月幔分别于1．6Ga前和3Ga前停止热对流,这与天文和空间探测资料一致．     

A Monte Carlo study of rainfall forecasting with a stochastic model

A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities.     

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration Aims And Scope

正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and     

Foreword

Destructive earthquakes have caused great damage in China and the United States and collapsing buildings havecaused many deaths and injuries. The field of earthquake engineering studies earthquake hazards, the occurrence ofearthquakes of various magnitudes, the nature of the ground shaking during an earthquake, the vibration of structuresduring earthquakes, the strengthening of existing structures and the design of new structures to be earthquake resistant,and finally, how to cope with earthquake damage and restore a city to normal functioning. Such efforts are in progressin both countries, but unfortunately, the language barrier interferes with the free flow of information between China andthe Untied States. It would be mutually beneficial if some means could be developed to promote the exchangeof information across the Pacific Ocean. This new journal has been established for this purpose and its success willbe an important step in promoting earthquake engineering in China and the United States.     

WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEDIMENTATION AND EROSION RESEARCH(WASER)

正President:Giampaolo Di Silvio,Italy Vice Presidents:Ulrich C.E.Zanke,Germany Zhao-yin Wang,China The World Association for Sedimentation and Erosion Research(WASER),inaugurated on Oct.19,2004,is an independent non-governmental,non-profit organization.The mission of WASER is to promote international co-operation on the study     

Enhancing remote sensing research on global change to improve our understanding on Earth system processes

正Global Change includes climate change and other environmental changes caused by the joint interaction among various layers of Earth. From the positive side, global change provides new opportunities to human and other living forms on Earth. In the meantime, it creates tremendous challenges and negative impact. At present, the negative impacts have reached all primary processes of the global ecosystem and every aspect of human society, especially causing degradation of the ecosystem. For instance, intensive deforestation causes decline of biodiversity; global warming causes sea level rise and increases     

Solute concentrations in the lower niger river and the source rock contribution

Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO₃ > SO₄ > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1^?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals.