山东省鄄城县董口乡陨石雨的初步研究

1997年2月15日23时，一场陨石雨降落在中国山东省鄄城县董口乡。陨石的主要组成矿物为橄榄石（FO＝82）、古铜辉石和金属矿物。金属矿物为陨硫铁和铁纹石。副矿物有磷灰石和铬铁矿。球粒结构。定名为橄榄石-古铜辉石球粒陨石。     

沈丘球粒陨石考察研究

1987年2月22日3时25分,在河南省沈丘县老城镇一带陨落了一次陨石。已收集到两块:杨洼(1号)陨石重14.25公斤,入地深度38厘米;魏营(2号)陨石重76.7克,比重3.64,微磁性。经实物对比,二者皆为灰褐色、有熔壳,原应为一体之物。用2号样化验分析,已发现27种化学元素。镜下鉴定见有:辉石、橄榄石、金属铁-镍、陨硫铁、铬铁矿及玻璃质矿物等。硅酸盐部分(80.02％)大于金属部分(19.97％)应属石陨石大类。因陨石中矿物球粒状结构明显,故称球粒陨石。总观沈丘陨石特征,可命名为:橄榄古铜辉石球粒陨石。与1977年12月1日,陨落在河南信阳的球粒陨石相比,矿物成分和结构等都大同小异。     

沈丘和随州陨石的穆斯堡尔谱研究

依据陨石中的铁核无反冲共振吸收峰面积,确定各矿物相的铁原子比,进而按照国内外公认的比例值进行比较,即可快速精确的确定陨石的种类。现用该方法初步得知沈丘老城镇陨石为平衡的橄榄石—古铜辉石球粒陨石,随州大堰坡镇陨石为平衡的橄榄石—紫苏辉石球粒陨石。     

辽宁南部菱镁矿和滑石矿陨落成因的认识

辽宁省南部菱镁矿—滑石矿床成因与硅镁质石陨石陨落作用有关,它们相互依存、相互制约,成群成带分布于早元古代大石桥组三岩段碳酸盐岩中,受同一含矿层位控制,具有品位高,厚度大,矿物成分简单的特点。根据地球化学热力学原理,组成矿床的主要成分SiO_2和MgO,主要来自硅镁质石陨石的镁橄榄石和顽火辉石。当石陨石陨落和撞击地壳时,在SiO_2—MgO—H_2O相系中生成滑石,在MgO—CaO—CO_2相系中生成白云石和菱镁矿。因此,辽宁南部菱镁矿—滑石矿床成矿物质来源于陨落;陨落作用提供了成矿能量;陨击坑或由陨落作用形成的洼陷区为成矿提供了空间成矿的场所。     

沈阳陨石——对超基性岩体的新认识

沈阳陨石曾被前人认为是超基性岩体.笔者通过对岩体的宏观地质特征、矿物成分和组构、同位素年龄等研究,认为分布在沈阳附近的馒首山、东滑石台和前老塘峪超基性岩应是非视落无球粒陨石.陨石表面年龄为4370Ma,陨落时间大约在1880Ma左右.     

山东平邑“金钱石”地质特征及成因浅析

"金钱石"作为观赏石中的珍品,倍受人们的青睐。岩石自然类型为超基性岩(超镁铁质岩),色暗,密度大,富含铁镁矿物。主要矿物成分为橄榄石、辉石,少量角闪石。岩石成因为幔源岩浆沿构造裂隙或古薄弱带扩张充填的产物。其精美的花纹图案与岩浆自身的结晶分异和后期变质作用等有关。     

郯庐断裂中段幔源超镁铁质岩的结构、组构和矿物变形特征

郯庐断裂中段的新生代碱性玄武岩中含有大量的超镁铁质岩包体,辉石温压计计算表明这些包体来自深度53.9—72.6km的上地幔。包体岩石中主要矿物为橄榄石、顽火辉石、透辉石,次要矿物为尖晶石。岩石变形和重结晶强烈,主要为残碎斑状结构和细粒变晶结构,少量呈过渡性结构。随着岩石变形程度由弱到强,橄榄石的Nm轴向变形面中心迁移聚集形成中心极密,而Ng和Np则向边部迁移形成边缘大圆环带。岩石中橄榄石和辉石的变形都是由粗变细重结晶过程,尖晶石则有较明显的溶解、迁移和再沉淀作用。     

地幔转换带520 km地震不连续面及其成因

前人研究表明410 km和660 km地震不连续面分别由橄榄石向瓦兹利石相变和后尖晶石相变引起。但对520 km地震不连续面(简称D520)的研究相对较少,对其成因的解释还存在很大争议。橄榄石中瓦兹利石-林伍德石相变以及CaSiO₃钙钛矿的出溶反应被广泛认为是D520的相变成因。辉石相变为尖晶石+斯石英组合也曾被认为是D520的可能成因。1 400 ℃条件下对MgSiO₃辉石相变的实验研究,结合前人对橄榄石相变的研究成果,计算了方辉橄榄岩在1 400 ℃、18 GPa条件下因辉石-瓦兹利石+斯石英和瓦兹利石-林伍德石相变引起的密度增量和波速增量,发现俯冲方辉橄榄岩中辉石的相变对520 km深度的密度增量和波速增量有很大的贡献,有助于形成D520。此外,在探讨D520的成因时应综合考虑地幔转换带中温度,水以及矿物间Fe、Mg、Ca等主量元素分配等因素的影响。      

什么是玄武岩

玄武岩是喷出岩的一种,也就是岩浆上升喷出地表冷却凝固所形成的岩石。它们在地壳中分布广泛,不论是地槽区地台区,也不论是在大陆或海洋都可以看到有大量玄武岩出露。岩石均为暗色,一般为灰黑色,矿物成分相当于辉长岩,往往具气孔构造、杏仁构造,有时还可见熔渣状构造、绳状构造、柱状节理、火山弹等,在海底喷发的玄武岩流中则有时具有特殊的枕状构造。常见有斑状结构,斑晶为橄榄石、辉石、基性斜长石等;基质一般是细粒的,有时为隐晶质或半晶质的,由微晶和玻璃质组成。基质中基性斜长石较多,也有深色矿物。由于玄武岩浆粘度小,流动性大,大量…     

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘羊虎沟组物源区分析

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘羊虎沟组物源特征对天然气勘探尤为重要。通过砂岩的碎屑组分、岩屑组分、重矿物组合以及石英阴极发光等研究,认为研究区羊虎沟组受到北部、西南部、南部物源控制,各个方位物源在研究区中部吴忠—马家滩地区汇合。通过砂岩轻、重矿物组合和碎屑组分的Dickinson三角图解,以及泥岩的稀土元素特征等分析,认为研究区羊虎沟组源岩以大陆上地壳岩石为主。研究区北部砂岩物源区为再旋回造山带物源区,泥岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式与阿拉善古陆浅变质岩相似,具有亲缘性;西南部及南部砂岩物源区为稳定陆块区和再旋回造山带物源区,泥岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分模式与祁连—北秦岭造山带中浅变质岩相似。综上所述,研究区北部母岩主要为阿拉善古陆的浅变质岩夹少许火山岩,西南部及南部母岩主要为祁连—北秦岭造山带的中浅变质岩,其次为碳酸盐岩和火山岩。     

GRV 051523： A new eucrite

Grove Mountains (GRV) 051523 is a newly identified eucrite, consisting mainly of coarse-grained pyroxene (62.9 vol%) and plagioclase (34.2 vol%), with less abundant opaque minerals (2.7 vol%), minor silica and tiny FeO-rich olivine (Fa75). Coarse-grained pyroxenes show exsolution of augite lamellae in pigeonite or vice versa. Width of most exsolution lamellae in pyroxenes is 1-3 μm. Opaque minerals are mainly chromite, ilmenite and sulfides. The meteorite was heavily shocked, as indicated by breccias and melt veins. Coarse-grained pyroxenes commonly contain abundant tiny or needle-like chromite inclusions with orientation, probably due to heavy shock events. Pyroxenes in various petrographic occurrences exhibit highly homogeneous compositions, indicating that GRV 051523 experienced intense thermal metamorphism in the parent asteroid 4 Vesta. GRV 051523 is classified as Type 5-6. This new eucrite will have additional constraints on chemical composition, magmatic differentiation, multi-stage shock and thermal history of Vesta.     

Petrography and mineralogy of new lunar meteorite MIL090036

MIL090036 is a previously unknown meteorite （a feldspathic lunar breccia） that was discovered in Antarctica. The detailed petrography and mineralogy of this meteorite forms the subject of this paper. It has a typical clastic texture that consists of various types of rock debris （e.g. anorthosite, gabbroic anorthosite, gabbro, regolith breccia, troctolite, microporphyritic crystalline impact melt and compound clasts）, mineral crystal fragments （e.g. pyroxenes, plagioclase, olivine and ilmenite） and feldspathic glass clasts. The ifne-grained recrystallized minerals and mineral clasts are cemented together in a glassy groundmass. The anorthite content of plagioclase in the gabbro （An81-83） and anorthosite （An88-93） both have relatively low calcium content compared to those from other breccias （An90-98）. The pyroxene composition （Fs12-35 Wo3-44 En22-79） in the rock debris, crystal mineral clasts and anorthositic glass clasts are relatively iron-deifcient compared to those from gabbro debris with melt glass （Fs37-65 Wo10-29 En21-49） and groundmass （Fs18-69 Wo3-45 En14-50）. In contrast, the pyroxene grains in the gabbroic anorthosite display a narrow compositional range （Fs24-27 Wo7-14 En59-69）. Olivine grains in mineral fragments and the groundmass have a wider compositional range （Fo57-79） than those in the rock debris （Fo67-77）. The Fe/Mn ratio in olivine is in the range of 47 to 83 （average 76） and 76 to 112 （average 73） in pyroxenes, and hence classify within the lunar ifeld. The characteristics of texture, mineral assemblage and compositions suggest that MIL090036 possibly originated from a region beyond that of the Apollo and Luna samples. Further study of MIL090036 is therefore likely to lead to a better understanding of the geological processes on the Moon and the chemical composition of the lunar crust.     

Geochemistry of the Martian Meteorite GRV 99027

GRV 90027 is a Martian lherzolitic shergottites (L-S) containing poikilitic, non-poikilitic, and melted pocket components. GRV 99027 is mainly composed of olive (55 vol%) and pyroxene (37.5 vol%), with minor maskelynite (6 vol%) and chromite (1.5 vol%), and trace whitelockite and troilite, ect. In this paper, the mineralogy and petrology of GRV 99027 are reported; in addition, the geochemical characteristics of the REEs and H isotopes in the GRV 99027 are also further investigated. The ΣREE in GRV 99027 is relatively low; HREEs are enriched in olivine and pyroxene grains; LREEs are enriched in plagioclase with a high positive Eu anomaly. High ΣREE value is found in rare mineral whitlockite (less than 0.2 vol%), LREE≈HREE, and whitlockite has a negative Eu anomaly. The REE distribution patterns of the whole -rock of GRV 99027 is similar to but different from that of other L-S Martian meteorites, indicating that they came from different location of Mars. GRV 99027 has a high δD value. Different water-bearing minerals give different contribution for δD value. The δD of phosphates generally does not correlate with water content, and δD has a weak negative correlation with water content. GRV 99027 can be classified as an L-S Martian meteorite based on mineralogical assemblage patterns, REE distribution patterns, and hydrogen isotope. The isotope data of Sr, Nd, Pb, Os and REE from other L-S Martian meteorites were collected to discuss the formation history of the GRV 99027. Similar to other L-S Martian meteorites, GRV 99027 originated from part of Mar's mantle; during one strong impact event about 4M years ago, the meteorites were ejected from deep mantle into space, and traveled for a different duration in space (indicated by different cosmic exposure time), and captured by the Earth later in different time, ultimately falling on the Antarctica as L-S Martian meteorites.     

海相沉积岩磁化率的影响因素

磁化率作为最基础的环境磁学参数,在地层对比划分、环境气候研究中发挥着重要作用。因此,弄清磁化率的影响因素,对保证研究成果的可靠性具有关键意义。沉积岩(物)中磁性矿物的来源复杂,主要分为碎屑来源和自生成因两种。气候变化、海平面波动、碳酸盐产率、火山作用、陨石撞击等影响碎屑来源的磁性矿物,而磁性矿物还原作用、热液流体活动、趋磁细菌生产等因素影响自生成因的磁性矿物,这些因素综合决定了沉积岩的磁化率。      

玲珑金矿田山岔口金矿床地质特征及深部找矿潜力

山岔口金矿床位于玲珑金矿田北部。矿体受NE向断裂严格控制,主要呈脉状、透镜状产出,赋矿围岩为大庄子单元含斑粗中粒二长花岗岩。矿石为黄铁绢英岩化花岗质碎裂岩夹石英脉,矿石矿物主要为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿,金矿物主要为银金矿、自然金等。通过分析该矿床的矿体地质特征和空间分布规律,认为深部仍具有比较大的找矿潜力。     

基于遥感蚀变信息提取巴林格撞击坑周边铁陨石

目前地球上已经得到确认的撞击坑有190余个，其中直径小于1 km的简单撞击坑绝大部分是由铁质撞击体撞击形成的。由铁质撞击体撞击而成的撞击坑周边存在大量的铁陨石物质，这些铁陨石物质的空间分布特征对研究撞击坑的撞击过程和机理具有重要意义。铁元素的异常富集也可作为探寻地球表面疑似撞击坑的重要信息。为了获取撞击坑周围的铁陨石残片，早期主要通过人工方式进行实地调查，但这种方法效率低下且需要投入大量人力物力。基于铁陨石独特的光谱特征，利用遥感蚀变信息提取手段可以很方便地获取撞击坑周边的铁陨石物质。根据铁陨石矿物的波谱特征，以美国亚利桑那州巴林格撞击坑（Barringer Meteor Crater）为研究对象，基于Landsat 8 OLI数据，采用目前提取蚀变信息的常用方法:波段比值（BandMath）—主成分分析法进行撞击坑周边铁陨石信息的提取。提取结果与前人实地调查获取的铁陨石分布情况契合程度较好。撞击坑东侧、东南侧、西南侧等处的铁陨石聚集区在提取结果图上均有较好的反映。表明利用波段比值-主成分分析方法提取巴林格撞击坑周边铁陨石信息是可行的，实验结果准确地获得了该撞击坑周围的铁陨石空间分布信息，为探寻地球表面撞击成因的环形构造提供了可行方案，同时为未来同类撞击坑信息提取提供了重要的方法参考。      

Subdivision of petrologic type of unequilibrated ordinary chondrites from Antarctica

We report results of petrologic and mineralogical studies of 25 unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (19 Chinese Antarctic meteorites) using electron microprobe, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) techniques. With increasing degree of thermal metamorphism, chemical zoning of olivine was erased; plessite was transformed into intergrowths of coarser-grained kamacite and Ni-rich metal; Cr exsolved from ferroan olivine, produced needle-like crystals and coarsened into equant chromite grains; and feldspar crystallized during devitrification of glass and recrystallization of matrix. These features can help to identify different metamorphic grades. Based on the scheme by Sears et al (1982), we subdivided type 3 Chinese Antarctic ordinary chondrites into petrologic type 3.3 to 4 (3 type 3.3, 3 type 3.4, 1 type 3.5, 2 type 3.6, 2 type 3.7, 5 type 3.8, 3 type 4). This classification scheme is a quite effective way to subdivide Antarctic meteorites. Additionally, we propose to revise the chemical groups of GRV 020032 and GRV 020104 to L and H, respectively.