锯缘青蟹(Scylla serrata)呼肠孤病毒5个结构蛋白互作分析

采用酵母双杂交系统,对青蟹呼肠孤病毒(Scylla serrata reovirus)5个结构蛋白(VP3,VP6,VP9,VP11,VP12)间的双向互作进行了分析。将5个结构蛋白对应的ORF分别亚克隆至诱饵载体p GBKT7和猎物载体p GADT7,成功构建了10个酵母双杂交重组载体。将重组诱饵载体或重组捕获载体转化至酵母菌Y2H Gold中进行自激活检测,结果显示5个结构蛋白均不能激活酵母菌报告基因HIS3的表达,表明5个病毒蛋白均不具有自激活活性。通过酵母双杂交实验,从5个结构蛋白25个可能性互作对中,共筛选出2个双向互作对(VP11VP6,VP11VP12)和3个自身互作对(VP3VP3,VP11VP11,VP12VP12)。本研究是有关Ss RV结构蛋白互作的首次报道。     

草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)呼肠孤病毒(GCRV)VP6相互作用蛋白的筛选

为筛选与草鱼呼肠孤病毒GCRV096 VP6发生相互作用的宿主蛋白,先将VP6基因的PCR扩增产物,克隆至酵母表达载体p GBKT7以构建其诱饵质粒(p GBKT7-VP6);再将酵母菌Y2HGold(含p GBKT7-VP6)与酵母菌Y187[含草鱼肾脏细胞(CIK)c DNA文库质粒]进行人工诱导融合,然后经选择培养筛选阳性克隆。结果共筛选到4株阳性克隆,经测序、生物信息学分析,分别属于两条不同的核苷酸序列,其中之一所编码的产物与GAPDH(3-磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶)同源性较高。可见,该酶极可能在GCRV096侵染宿主的初期发挥着重要作用。     

对虾白斑综合症病毒VP37基因诱饵重组载体的构建、转化与自激活作用检测

把对虾白斑综合症病毒(White syndrome spot virus,WSSV)黏附蛋白VP37的基因C末端截去102个碱基后设计了一对引物,通过PCR扩增出目的片段。用其构建酵母双杂交诱饵载体,并检测其表达产物对酵母细胞有无毒性作用和自激活活性。结果获得截短的VP37基因片段,并成功克隆入酵母双杂交系统PGBKT7 DNA-BD载体中,测序结果表明序列完全正确。把重组载体转化酵母菌AH109并检测自激活作用。结果显示表达的融合蛋白没有激活ADE2,HIS3这2个报告基因,但激活了MEL1,该融合蛋白对酵母菌AH109无毒性。可利用其它2种报告基因将其应用于酵母双杂交系统,筛选cDNA文库中与之相互作用的基因。     

基于脂质组学的海洋颗石藻病毒甾醇去饱和酶及脂肪酸去饱和酶基因功能分析

赫氏颗石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)宿主-病毒(E.huxleyi virus,EhV)的互作过程是影响海洋碳、硫生物地球化学循环及气候变化的重要环节。在共进化过程中,Eh V通过基因水平转移从宿主基因组中“劫获”了一组鞘脂从头合成相关酶基因,重构宿主脂代谢网络以支持病毒的特殊需求。目前,对病毒这组相关酶基因的生物学功能尚不十分清楚。以颗石藻病毒Eh V-99B1基因组中的甾醇去饱和酶(EhV-SD)和脂肪酸去饱和酶(Eh V-FAD)基因为研究对象,构建酿酒酵母重组表达载体p YES2/CT-SD和p YES2/CT-FAD,转化相应的基因缺陷型酵母菌株YMR015C和YGL055W获得重组酵母细胞株,进一步采用UPLC-Q-Exactive-MS非靶向脂质组学技术,比较分析重组酵母和缺陷型酵母细胞脂质的组成和含量变化。结果显示,Eh V-SD与Eh V-FAD基因在酿酒酵母中成功表达并具有生物学活性。Eh V-SD过表达显著改变了重组酵母细胞脂质代谢,含多不饱和酰基链的磷脂酰胆碱(PC,20︰4/20︰5/20︰6)和甘油三酯(TAG,12︰3)种类的丰度显著升高;而部...     

条斑紫菜酵母双杂交文库的构建及PyMAPK5互作蛋白的筛选

为进一步研究条斑紫菜促分裂原活化激酶家族PyMAPK5的下游互作蛋白,理解其生物学功能,本研究通过酵母双杂交的方法进行其相互作用蛋白的筛选。提取不同温度和失水逆境胁迫下的RNA,利用Invitrogen体系构建条斑紫菜酵母双杂交cDNA文库,其库容为1.44×107CFU,重组率为91.8%。以pGBKT7-PyMAPK5为诱饵蛋白载体,利用共转化方法,从文库中筛选得到26个与PyMAPK5互作的候选蛋白。候选蛋白集中在光系统II相关蛋白、捕光蛋白、微管蛋白、ATP酶、GTP结合蛋白及假设蛋白等。微管蛋白、捕光蛋白、光系统II蛋白一对一验证结果为阳性,表明在酵母体内存在互作。本研究为阐明条斑紫菜PyMAPK5与其互作蛋白的关系及解析PyMAPK5下游作用机制奠定了基础。     

利用酵母双杂交研究铜绿微囊藻生物钟蛋白KaiB的自身相互作用

从铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)PCC7820中克隆了生物钟基因kaiB,并将其克隆入酵母双杂交系统的两个质粒pGADT7和pGBKT7中。经测序验证后,将重组质粒pGADT7-kaiB和pGBKT7-kaiB转化酵母菌AH109进行自激活性和自身相互作用的检测和验证。结果表明,铜绿微囊藻生物钟蛋白KaiB无自激活性,KaiB蛋白自身能发生相互作用。因此,可用KaiB蛋白为诱饵利用酵母双杂交系统筛选文库钓取与KaiB发生相互作用的蛋白。     

海洋球石藻病毒(Coccolithovirus)硫氧还蛋白(Trx)在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中的表达及其活性分析

从实验室保存的pBS-Trx重组质粒中克隆球石藻病毒EhV-Trx基因,构建毕赤酵母重组表达载体pPIC9K-EhV-Trx,将重组质粒电转化毕赤酵母GS115,诱导分泌表达并对重组蛋白进行二硫键还原酶活性分析。结果表明,EhV-Trx基因开放阅读框为591bp,编码197个氨基酸;在毕赤酵母GS115中成功诱导表达重组EhV-Trx,经SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白分子量约为27.8kDa;重组EhV-Trx具有二硫键还原酶的活性,能有效打开胰岛素A、B两条链的二硫键,有望开发成一种新型的硫氧还蛋白脱敏制剂应用于食品安全领域。     

壳聚糖酶基因在解脂耶氏酵母中的表达及重组酶性质研究

为构建高效表达壳聚糖酶工程菌株,以Microbacteriumsp.基因组为模板扩增壳聚糖酶基因,目的基因与表达载体pINA1317连接构建重组质粒,重组质粒NotⅠ酶切线性化后转化解脂耶氏酵母Y.liPolytica Po1h。所得结果为PCR扩增得到约1000bp的特异性片段,序列分析表明含有壳聚糖酶全长基因,开放阅读框801bp,编码266个氨基酸残基。转化子酶活力为10.4U/mL,是原菌株酶活力的3.15倍。重组蛋白经DEAE-Sepharose FF分离纯化,达到电泳纯,SDS-PAGE显示单一条带,分子量约41kDa。重组酶反应最适温度为45℃,最适pH为5.6,Km和Vmax分别是0.926mg/mL和6.15U/mL。质谱分析酶解产物主要为三糖和五糖。实现了壳聚糖酶在解脂耶氏酵母中的分泌表达,为壳聚糖酶的工业化生产奠定了理论基础。     

别藻蓝蛋白基因在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中的表达

采用亚克隆方法,将别藻蓝蛋白(allophycocyanin,APC)基因插入到毕赤酵母整合型表达载体pPIC6αA中,再用SacⅠ线性化,纯化后,用氯化锂法转化毕赤酵母菌株X-33,筛选表达APC的重组子。PCR和序列分析表明,APC基因已整合到酵母染色体中。重组子经甲醇诱导,用Western blotting在培养基上清液检测到APC,表明别藻蓝蛋白(APC)在毕赤酵母中可以表达。APC由两种亚基组成,分子量分别为19kDa和21kDa。重组子经摇瓶培养48h表达量达4.4mg/L。     

凡纳滨对虾翻译控制肿瘤蛋白Fortilin的毕赤酵母表达及其对血细胞免疫反应的影响

翻译控制肿瘤蛋白Fortilin是1种多功能蛋白,参与重要的细胞活动.并且,对虾fortilin通过抑制病毒复制干扰病毒感染.参照Genbank中fortilin基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到凡纳滨对虾fortilin目的基因片段,EcoR I/XbaI双酶切插入表达载体pGAPZαA,转化大肠杆菌,经博来霉素(Zeocin)抗性筛选及测序分析,获得分泌型重组酵母表达载体pGAPZαA-F.酶切线性化后,经电穿孔法转入毕赤酵母细胞X-33,经Zeocin抗性筛选,得到阳性转化子.表达产物的上清液经SDS- PAGE电泳和质谱分析,表明在酵母中成功表达fortilin.以体外原代培养的对虾血细胞检测重组蛋白的免疫活性,结果显示重组蛋白显著提高了血细胞酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性.该结果为下一步研究重组fortilin 在对虾养殖中的应用奠定了基础.     

Microbial Biomass and Organic Nutrients in the Deep-Sea Sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin

In order to assess the impact of deep-sea mining on the in situ benthic life, we measured the microbial standing stock and concentration of organic nutrients in the deep-sea sediments of the Central Indian Ocean Basin in the Indian pioneer area. Sediments were collected using box core and grab samples during September 1996. The total bacterial numbers ranged from 10 10 -10 11 cells per g -1 dry weight sediment. There was a marginal decrease in the number of bacteria from surface to 30 cm depth, though the subsurface section registered a higher number than did the surface. The highest numbers were encountered at depths of 4-8 cm. The retrievable number of bacteria were two orders less in comparison with the direct total counts of bacteria. An almost homogeneous distribution of bacteria, total organic carbon, living biomass, and lipids throughout the depth of cores indicates active microbial and benthic processes in the deep sea sediments. On the other hand, a uniform distribution of total counts of bacteria, carbohydrates, and total organic carbon in all the cores indicates their stable nature and suggests that they can serve as useful parameters for long-term monitoring of the area after the benthic disturbance. Further studies on temporal variability in this region would not only verify the observed norms of distribution of these variables but would also help to understand restabilization processes after the simulated benthic disturbance.     

Assessing the Validity of Seismo-Acoustic Predictor Equations for Obtaining Seabed and Sub-Surface Sediment Physical Properties

The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths.     

Geoacoustic Inversion via Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Manganese Sediment Identification

An acoustic inversion method using a wide-band signal and two near field receivers is proposed and applied to multiple layered seabed models including a manganese sediment. The inversion problem can be formulated into a probabilistic model comprised of signals, a forward model, and additive noise. The forward model simulates wide-band signals, such as chirp signals, and is chosen to be the source-waveletconvolution plane wave modeling method. The wavelet matching technique, using weighted least-squares fitting, estimates the sediment sound-speed and thickness on which determination of the possible numerical ranges for a priori uniform distribution is based. The genetic algorithm is applied to a global optimization problem to find a maximum a posteriori solution for determined a priori search space. Here the object function is defined by an L 2 norm of the difference between measured and modeled signals. Not only the marginal pdf but also its statistics are calculated by numerical evaluation of integrals using the samples selected during importance sampling process of the genetic algorithm.     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Interannual Sea Level Variations and Annual Tides in the Northwestern Pacific

Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone.     

Deep-Sea Sediment Compression Curves: Some Controlling Factors, Spurious Overconsolidation, Predictions, and Geophysical Reproduction

Oedometer tests have been carried out on 70 undisturbed surficial clays (at approximately 250 mm below the mudline), mostly collected by free-fall corers from sites widely scattered throughout the deep-sea North Atlantic. Acoustic measurements were also made, initially on contiguous samples and ultimately on the same sample using a geophysically instrumented oedometer which also collected electrical resistivity data. Apart from those quiescent areas below the carbonate compensation depth, such as north of the West Indies where very fine clays exist, most of the samples are silty clays whose geotechnical-geophysical properties are dependent on the type of clay minerals present (and their ability to take in moisture), the sand-size fraction, and the quantity of carbonate present. Thus the pure clays have high compressibilities which decrease on the addition of coarse particles, while the converse is true for the acoustic parameters, these increasing with the sand fraction. Using the notion of the intrinsic compression line for all samples, and comparison to it of the measured compression curves, it is clear that, contrary to some previously held ideas, most deep-sea clays are normally consolidated; the addition of carbonate has the effect of creating an open, stronger sediment skeleton. Interestingly, where information is available, the variation with depth of a sample's acoustic velocity follows the void ratio pressure relationship of the compression curve. This allows the construction of an in-situ sediment compression curve using the in-situ geophysical observations.     

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Coastal Lagoon Bacterioplankton and Picophytoplankton: Fixation and Storage Effects

The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.