Polar meteorology: Results of Russian research in 2011–2014

A review of the results of Russian polar research performed in 2011–2014 is provided. It is based on material prepared by the Commission on Polar Meteorology of the National Geophysical Committee, Russian Academy of Sciences, for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to General Assembly XXVI of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics¹ [1].     

Russian climate studies in 2011–2014

The results of Russian climate studies (published in 2011–2014) based on the review prepared for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the 26th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Prague, June 22–July 2, 2015)¹ are presented.     

Results of Russian Studies of Polar Meteorology in 2015–2018

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This is a review of the results from Russian polar research in 2015–2018 prepared by the Commission on Polar Meteorology of the National...     

Spatiotemporal distributions of tsunami sources and discovered periodicities

Both spatial and spatiotemporal distributions of the sources of tsunamigenic earthquakes of tectonic origin over the last 112 years have been analyzed. This analysis has been made using tsunami databases published by the Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics (Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States), as well as earthquake catalogs published by the National Earthquake Information Center (United States). It has been found that the pronounced activation of seismic processes and an increase in the total energy of tsunamigenic earthquakes were observed at the beginning of both the 20th (1905–1920) and 21st (2004–2011) centuries. Studying the spatiotemporal periodicity of such events on the basis of an analysis of the two-dimensional distributions of the sources of tectonic tsunamis has made it possible to determine localized latitudinal zones with a total lack of such events (90°?75° N, 45°–90° S, and 35°?25° N) and regions with a periodic occurrence of tsunamis mainly within the middle (65°?35° N and 25°–40° S) and subequatorial (15° N–20° S) latitudes of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. The objective of this work is to analyze the spatiotemporal distributions of sources of tsunamigenic earthquakes and the effect of the periodic occurrence of such events on the basis of data taken from global tsunami catalogs.     

The potential resource rent from Norwegian fisheries

National wealth can be estimated via the System of National Accounts (SNA). According to SNA-numbers, Norwegian fisheries contributed negatively to the national wealth in the period 1984–2016 with exception of the years 2010–2011 and 2015–2016. Because all parameter values entering the calculation of national wealth are conditional on the existing management regime, the potential value of the natural resources may be concealed. This paper finds that this is the case for the Norwegian fishery sector. Using a numerical optimization model, the paper estimates the contra factual resource rent to be 1.6 billion USD if the fishing quotas were harvested efficiently with the currently available technology. This is 1.2 billion USD more than the observed resource rent in 2011 and means that Norwegian fisheries contribute to national wealth four times more than indicated by 2011 SNA-numbers. Hence, national wealth calculations based on official statistics may trivialize the role of natural resources.     

Russian climate studies in 2003–2006

Results of Russian studies of climate and climate change prepared for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the 24th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Perugia, July 2–13, 2007 are presented).     

Russian studies on clouds and precipitation in 2011–2014

The results obtained in Russian studies on clouds and precipitation in 2011–2014 are presented. These results are part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences that was prepared for the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).     

Results of Russian climate studies in 2007–2010

The results of Russian climate studies conducted in 2007–2010, which are based on the review prepared for the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the 25th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Melbourne, June 28–July 7, 2011), are presented. The features of climate anomalies in Russian regions are discussed within the scope of general tendencies of global and regional climate changes on the basis of data obtained from observations, reanalysis, and model simulations in comparison with paleoreconstructions.     

Russian studies of atmospheric ozone in 2011–2014

This review contains the most important results obtained in Russian studies on atmospheric ozone in 2011–2014. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences that was prepared for the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). This report was considered and approved at the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).¹ The list of Russian publications on atmospheric ozone and its precursors for 2011–2014 is appended to this review.     

Research in dynamic meteorology in Russia in 2011–2014

This review outlines the most significant results of research in dynamic meteorology performed by Russian scientists in 2011–2014. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences submitted to the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The report was considered and approved at the 26th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).¹ The review is followed by a list of key publications on dynamic meteorology of Russian scientists in 2011–2014.     

Russian studies of atmospheric electricity in 2011–2014

This review contains the most significant results of Russian studies in the field of atmospheric electricity in 2011–2014. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences to the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The report was presented and approved at the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG).¹ The review is followed by a list of the main published works on the studies of atmospheric electricity of Russian scientists in 2011–2014.     

Studies of planetary atmospheres in Russia (2011–2014)

This paper presents an overview of the results of planetary atmospheric studies carried out by Russian scientists in 2011–2014. The overview is prepared at the Commission on Planetary Atmospheres of the National Geophysical Committee for the Russian national report on meteorology and atmospheric sciences for the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (Prague, June 28 to July 07, 2015).     

Russian Climate Research in 2015–2018

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - The results of Russian studies of climate and its changes (published in 2015–2018) are presented using a review prepared for the National Report...     

Results of Russian investigations into the middle atmosphere (2011–2014)

The results of Russian investigations into the Earth’s middle atmosphere that were published in the period of 2011–2014 are presented. The survey is prepared as part of the National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences for the XXVI General Assembly of the International Union on Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) that was held from June 22 to July 2, 2015, in Prague, Czech Republic.     

Place-based ocean management: Emerging U.S. law and practice

Marine protected areas and marine reserves are being established in United States ocean waters under several federal and state laws. Relevant laws include the National Marine Sanctuaries Act, the Magnuson–Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management, the National Monument Act, the federal Submerged Lands Act, and the California Marine Life Protection Act. This article evaluates U.S. place-based ocean management from the perspectives of relevant international law principles and programs and foreign nation experiences relevant to the U.S. It then focuses on the challenges presented in managing multiple uses of U.S. ocean waters in the face of federal and state jurisdictional complexity. Integrating place-based management with fisheries management is given special attention.     

Some aspects in the development of dynamic meteorology in Russia in 2003–2006

A brief review of the studies performed by Russian scientists in dynamic meteorology in 2003–2006 is presented. This review is based on the material prepared by the Commission on Dynamic Meteorology of the National Geophysical Committee of the Russian Academy of Sciences and included in the general information report of the Section of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences at the 24th General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics.     

Some progress on ocean data assimilation in China: Introduction of the special section “Ocean Data Assimilation”

<正>This special section is the scientific legacy of the 13th National Ocean Data Assimilation and Numerical Simulation Conference of China, which was held in Changsha, China during December 3–4, 2020 with more than 160 participants from 35 units in China. It continued a series of National Ocean Data Assimilation conferences which began in 2003,     

Book reviews

Behavioural biology of killer whales. Editors: C. Kirkevold and J. S. Lockard. Zoo Biology Monographs, Volume 1. Alan Liss Inc., New York, 1986. 457 p. ISBN 0–8451–3100–1. Price: US$79.50.

Aquaculture of Cyprinids. Editors: R. Billard and J. Marcel. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 1986. 504 p. Price FF150.00. Available from INRA Publications, Route de St Cyr, 78000 Versailles, France.

The Peruvian anchoveta and its upwelling ecosystem: three decades of change. Editors: D. Pauly and I. Tsukayama. Institute) del Mar del Peru (IMARPE); Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ); International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 1987.351 p. ISBN 971–1022–34–6, ISSN 0115–4389. Price US$17.50 surface; US$36 airmail. Available from ICLARM, MCP.O. 1501, Makati, Metro Manilla, Philippines.

The freshwater planktonic blue‐greens (Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria) of New Zealand: a taxonomic guide. By M. K. Etheredge and R. D. Pridmore. Published for the National Water and Soil Conservation Authority, 1987. 122 p, including 93 figures. ISSN0110–4705. Price $38.50. Available from DSIR Publishing, P.O. Box 9741, Wellington, New Zealand.     

A reporting compliance of national Fisheries Authority of Papua New Guinea

Through textual analysis, this paper takes into account documentary evidence of the Auditor-General׳s audit commentaries of the reporting compliance of the National Fisheries Authority of Papua New Guinea for the period 2006–2012. The results of the analysis show that the National Fisheries Authority׳s financial statements are late, unprepared or qualified. The study suggests ways the authority might improve its reporting compliance at relatively little cost, and how using national reporting compliance instruments may enhance national fisheries policy. The findings are of critical importance for fishing authority local managers, policy-makers and practitioners interested in providing compliant financial and operational reporting to meet the decision needs of its key stakeholders.     

Modern climate of the Cát Tiên National Park (Southern Vietnam): Climatological data for ecological studies

A method of using the standard network weather station data for local ecosystem research is considered on the example of the modern climate of the Cát Tiên National Park (Southern Vietnam) and local climate change in 1980–2010. Special attention is focused on the environmental parameters, which play a role of the limiting factors. It is shown that the climate of Southern Vietnam responds with statistical significance to global climate change. Suggestions about the possible reactions of tropical monsoon forest ecosystem to climate change are given.