PERSONALITY,GEOGRAPHICAL ART,AND LESSONS FROM SAUER'S MEXICO

Editors' note: This essay by Dan Arreola begins the second set of retrospective pieces commissioned to celebrate the centennial volume. Members of the Editorial Board responded to our request to prepare brief commentaries on landmark Geographical Review articles that were influential in their professional careers. Although many other articles touched the minds of emerging scholars, this small sampling covers a fairly wide swath of the fabric of American geography. It also reminds us that each future article has the potential to have a similar enduring value and help open new intellectual vistas. In addition to Arrreola's piece, the short essays include the musings of Barry Keim, Susan Walcott, Larry Ford, and Risa Palm.     

INSPIRATIONS FROM THE GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEW: JEAN GOTTMANN'S “WHY THE SKYSCRAPER?”

Editors' note: Larry lost his battle against pancreatic cancer in September 2009. When we invited him, some months before his death, to prepare this essay he eagerly agreed, despite his worsening health. We acknowledge with gratitude his longtime service as a member of the Geographical Review Editorial Board, as a Councilor of the American Geographical Society, and as a professor of geography at San Diego State University. In many ways he was himself an inspiration.     

Recent Publications

Book Reviewed in this article: GENERAL GEOGRAPHY . All Possible Worlds, a History of Geographical Ideas. Preston E. James . The Conceptual Revolution in Geography. Waynek . D. davies (ed.). Razuitie Geograficheskikb Idey. Anatoli Grigorevich Isachenko . British Pioneers ia Geography. E. W. Gilbert , with a preface by D. J. M. Hooson. REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY . Colonialism, Development and lndependence; The Case of the Melatzesian Islands in the South Pacific. H. C. Brookfield . Lath America: Geographical Prospectives. Harold Blakemore and Clifford T. Smith (eds.). Economies and Societies in Latin America: A Geographical Interpretation. P. R. Odell and D. A. Preston . PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY . Karst Landforms. Marjorie Sweeting . River Morphology. Stanley A. Schumm (ed.). Polar Geomorphology. R. J. Price and D. E. Sugden (ed.), Climate in Review. Geoffrey Mc BOYLE. Climate: Present, Past and Future. Volume 1, Fundamentals and Climate Now. H. H. Lamb . Oceanography: Contemporary Readings in Ocean Sciences. R. Gordon Pirie . Oceanography, A View of the Earth. M. Grant Gross . MAN AND ENVIRONMENT . The Doomsday Syndrome. John Maddox . ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY . Russian Agriculture: A Geographical Survey. Leslie Symons . Freight Flows and Spatial Aspects of the British Economy. Michael Chisholm and Patrick O'Sullivan . Transport in Transition: The Evolution of Traditional Shipping in China. Koizumi Teizo Regional Development Strategy in Southeast Europe: A Comparative Analysis of Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and Yugoslavia. George W. Hoffman The Geography of Recreation and Leisure. Isobel Cosgrove and Richard Jackson . POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY . India: A Political Geography. B. L. Sukhwal . CULTURAL GEOGRAPHY . The Cultural Geography of the United States. Wilbur Zelinsky . We, The Navigators. David Lewis . SETTLEMENT AND URBAN GEOGRAPHY . The Central Business District. Raymond E. Murphy . Fitzgerald: Geography of a Revolution. William Bunge . Urbanization and Environment: The Physical Geography of the City. Thomas R. Detwyler and Melvin G. Marcus Geographical Perspectives and Urban Problems. The Residential Location and Spatial Behavior of the Elderly. Stephen M. Golant . The Geography of Social Well-Being in the United States. David M. Smith . Urban Systems Development in Central Canada-Selected Papers. L. S. Bourne and R. D. Mackinnon ,(eds.). Safe Places. David and Holly Franke . They Sought a Country: Mennonite Colonization in Mexico. Harryleonard Sawatzky . Rural Geography: An Introductory Survey. Hugh D. Clout . ATLASES . South America. Vol. IV: FAO-UNESCO Soil Map of the World: 1:5,000,000     

地理学发展的战略方向探讨

《了解正在变化的星球：地理科学的战略方向》是美国国家研究理事会最新的一部颇富创建性和前瞻性的研究报告,反映了地理学发展的集成研究战略方向.尽管受其任务和受众的影响,报告话语表现出过度重视技术和工具,但其提出的建设地理科学这一议题切中了当前地理学发展的战略方向,也在技术和工具这个“任务”方面尝试相应的建构工作,相伴的重要工作是给出了地理科学未来10 年的11 个优先研究领域.报告后来的评论则重新发掘并弥补了该报告的某些不足,说明了该报告“深度”的一面,尤其是地理科学的方法论问题.与该报告及其评论相比,中国建设地理科学的主张具有如下特点：① 学科体系庞大、层次分明、范畴严密;② “学科”与“任务”明显平衡;③ 有系统论和整体论的方法论;④ 初步显现深远的、连锁的影响.《了解正在变化的星球》及其评论,以及中国地理科学建设表明--跨学科的地理科学是地理学发展的战略方向：① 地理学正走向或走入集成研究的“大科学”阶段;② “学科”与“任务”平衡是地理学自身发展及应对了解正在变化的星球的必然要求;③ 未来地理科学建设应当是具有科学人文主义的学科体系、方法论、技术和工具的“三元”结构.     

“A Royal Geographical Society for Ladies”: The Lyceum Club and Women's Geographical Frontiers in Edwardian London

This article reconstructs the history, organization, and campaigning function of the Geographical Circle of the Lyceum Club—a membership group that, under the leadership of Bessie Pullen-Burry (1858–1937), sought to promote and legitimize women's geographical work in early twentieth-century Britain. Through an examination of archival material and contemporary press coverage, I document the Geographical Circle's efforts to establish itself as a professional body for women geographers and to lobby for their admission to the Royal Geographical Society. Although considerable scholarly attention has been paid to women geographers’ individual contributions to the discipline, their cooperative, professionalizing endeavors have been comparatively neglected. In tracing the parallel history of the Circle as an example of women's self-organization, and of Pullen-Burry as an independent campaigner, I argue that a nuanced account of women's professionalization in geography demands attention to both individual and collective endeavors.     

REVISITING THE TOPIA ROAD: WALKING IN THE FOOTSTEPS OF WEST AND PARSONS*

ABSTRACT. In 1940, Berkeley graduate‐student geographers Robert West and James Parsons traveled to Mexico's Sierra Madre Occidental to retrace the Topia Road, colonial Mexico's main trans‐Sierran trail linking isolated mountain mining hamlets with the Pacific Coast and the world beyond, a journey chronicled in a 1941 Geographical Review article. Almost sixty years later, we document an attempt to retrace West and Parsons's route. Based on field observations, interviews with local informants, replication of Parsons's photographs, and his field notes, we evaluate landscape alteration in what West and Parsons referred to as some of the most isolated settlements in Mexico. We assess changes in the still‐remote communities along the route in terms of three influences: mining, migration, and drug trafficking.     

GEOGRAPHICAL REVIEWS

SOCIETY IN TIME AND SPACE: A Geographical Perspective on Change. By Robert A. Dodgshon . CRITICAL GEOPOLITICS: The Politics of Writing Global Space. By Gearóid Ó Tuathail . THE POLITICAL ECOLOGY OF BANANAS: Contract Farming, Peasants, and Agrarian Change in the Eastern Caribbean. By Lawrence S. Grossman . A FAVORED PLACE: San Juan River Wetlands, Central Veracruz, A.D. 500 to the Present. By Alfred H. Siemens . WISCONSIN LAND AND LIFE. Edited by Robert C. Ostergren and Thomas R. Vale . MAPS AND POLITICS. By Jeremy Black . THE HEROIC EARTH: Geopolitical Thought in Weimar Germany, 1918–1933. By David Thomas Murphy . ETHNIC FRONTIERS AND PERIPHERIES: Landscapes of Development and Inequality in Israel. Edited by Oren Yiftachel and Avinoam Meir . CONTEMPORARY ARGENTINA: A Geographical Perspective. By David J. Keeling . A CITY FOR ALL: Valuing Difference and Working with Diversity. Edited by Jo Beall . OUR URBAN FUTURE. New Paradigms for Equity and Sustainability. By Akhtar A. Badshah .     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Books reviewed in this aritcle: Geographical Regions North Carolina: Its Geology and Mineral Resources. Jasper L. Stuckey . Africa in Transition: Geographical Essays. B. W. Hodder and D. R. Harris (eds.). Frerøerne. Aage H. Kampp . Cmnada: A Geographical Interpretation. John Warkentin (ed.) The Tropical World: Its Social and Economic Conditions and Its Future Status. PIerre Gourou TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION Thoreau as World Traveler. John Aldrich Christie . Physical Geography River Plains und Sea Coasts. Richard J. Russell . Selected Pafiers in Soil Formatiom and Classification. J. V. Drew (ed.). Social Geography Southern Africa and the United States. William A. Hance (ed.) Aids to Geographical Study Communist China Map Polio.     

K-guarding of polyhedral terrain

Site visibility analysis is an important research topic with many applications in Geographical Information Systems. This paper introduces a new paradigm in terrain guarding, called k-guarding. K-guarding is a generalization of the classic guarding problem where, instead of only one guard, each surface patch is guarded by at least k guards. Afterwards, two optimization problems based on k-guarding are defined: an optimum k-guarding, and a constrained k-guarding. There are three heuristic approaches—k-greedy add, k-stingy drop, and k-reverse greedy—that are proposed as a solution to the above-mentioned optimization problems. The first two are known approaches adapted to k-guarding, while k-reverse greedy is a new, original heuristic. The heuristics are compared using actual topographic surfaces. It is shown that our approach (k-reverse greedy) gives on average the best near optimum solutions. The most surprising finding of the experiments is that the combination of heuristics introduced here yields even better results.     

Considering Refugees Through 100 Years of Geographical Review

Given the role of the American Geographical Society and its flagship journal, Geographical Review, in the Paris Peace Conference and its prominence in the discipline of geography ever since, this paper considers how the journal takes account of refugees in its pages from 1916 to 2018 using a bibliometric approach. The term “refugee” was tracked in every Geographical Review article published during this time period, using content to generate data and analysis in QSR NVivo. First, we identify key trends in scholarship over time, then we note the rise and fall of important key terms, and finally, we examine both the countries analyzed and how these geographies change over time. The results of this bibliometric analysis of refugees in Geographical Review reflect both global geopolitical dynamics and refugee governance structures, and broader trends in epistemology in the discipline of geography. Observations made on these trends and variations indicate a need to further explore shifting paradigms and master narratives, both past and emerging, built around the “refugee” concept and its treatment within the discipline of geography.     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Books reviewed in this aritcle:

Geographical Regions North Carolina: Its Geology and Mineral Resources. Jasper L. Stuckey.

Africa in Transition: Geographical Essays. B. W. Hodder and D. R. Harris(eds.).

Frer?erne. Aage H. Kampp.

Cmnada: A Geographical Interpretation. John Warkentin(ed.)

The Tropical World: Its Social and Economic Conditions and Its Future Status. PIerre Gourou

TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION Thoreau as World Traveler. John Aldrich Christie.

Physical Geography River Plains und Sea Coasts. Richard J. Russell.

Selected Pafiers in Soil Formatiom and Classification. J. V. Drew(ed.).

Social Geography Southern Africa and the United States. William A. Hance(ed.)

Aids to Geographical Study Communist China Map Polio.     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Books reviewed in this aritcle: General Geography A Geografihy of Maskind. Jan O. M. Broek and John W. Webb . Man and the Earth. Joseph Bixby Hoyt . Geographical Regions Winter in Finland: A Study in Human Geography. W. R. Mead and Helmer Smeds . The Domesday Geography of South-West England. H. C. Darby and R. Welldon Finn (eds.). Latin America: A Geographical Survey. Harry Robinson . Monsoon Asia: A Geographical Suruey. Harry Robinson . Japan Advances: A Geographical Study. Prue Dempster . The Dodecanese: Diversity and Unity in Island Politics. Roger E. Kasperson . YEARBOOKS Pacific Islamds Year Book and Who's Who. Tenth edition. Judy Tudor . (ed.) TRAVEL AND EXPLORATION The Pacific Basin: A History of Its Geographical Exploration. Herman R. Friis (ed.). The Exploration of Western America, 1800–1850: Am Historical Geography. E. W. Gilbert . Cartography Kartografihie in Stichworten. Herbert Wilhelmy . Physical Geography Physical Geography. R. G. Greswell . Quantitative Geography. Part II: Physical and Cartographic Topics. W. L. Garrison and D. F. Marble , (eds.) Landform Studies from Australia and New Guinea. J. N. Jennings and J. A. Mabbutt (eds.) Man and Environment Environmental Perception and Behavior. David Lowenthal (ed.). Economic Geography The Economic Importance of the Coal Industry to Pennsylvania. George H. K. Schenck and JOHN J. Schanz , Jr . The Economics of Irrigation. Colin Clark Agricultural Geography. Leslie Symons . Geography of International Trade. Richard S. Thoman and Edgar C. Conkling . The Spatial Dynamics of U. S. Urban-Industrial Growth, 1800–1914: Interpretive and Theoretical Essays. Allan R. Pred . Political Geography Background to Political Geography. G. R. Crone . The Columbia River Treaty: The Economics of an InternatiomaL River Basin Development. John V. Krutilla . Atlases Kulturgeografisk Atlas, 2: Tekstbind. Johannes Humlum . Sierra Leone im Maps. John I. Clarke , (ed.). The Times Atlas of the World. John Bartholomew (ed.).     

INTERSTITIAL STORIES: THE PLACES BETWEEN THEORY AND LURKING

Editors' note: Larry Ford, who taught geography at San Diego State University from 1971 to 2009, was to deliver a version of this essay at the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers Annual Meeting in San Diego, California, 30 September–3 October 2009, but he passed away on 17 September 2009. To honor Larry, Richard Fusch, a professor of geography at Ohio Wesleyan University, read his deceased colleague's paper at that meeting. Prior to the meeting and subsequent to it, Janice Ford, Larry's wife, and Dr. Fusch edited the paper for submission to the Geographical Review, the journal in which Larry had published most frequently and for which he had a great deal of respect. This is that edited version.     

Reviews

Abstract

Handbook of Climatology. Part I. General Climatology. By Dr. Julius Hann. Translated with the Author's permission from the second revised and enlarged German edition, with additional references and notes, by Robert De Courcey Ward. Size, 9 × 51/2. Pp. xvi and 437. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1903. Price $3.00.

How We Are Fed. A Geographical Reader. By James Franklin Chamberlain Size, 41/2 × 6. Pp. xii and 214. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1903. Price 40c. Professor Chaniberlain's How We Are Fed covers a field which has hitherto     

AMERICAN GEOGRAPHERS' RANKINGS OF AMERICAN GEOGRAPHY JOURNALS

Questionnaires sent to 500 geographers randomly selected from U.S. graduate departments solicited opinions on the quality of scholarship of articles in 34 U.S. geography journals. The five highest ranked were Quaternary Research, Annals, AAG, Arctic and Alpine Research, Geographical Review, and American Cartographer. When familiarity and quality together were ranked, the top five were Annals, AAG, Geographical Review, Professional Geographer, Economic Geography and Journal of Geography. Age and specialty of respondent were most significant in explaining ranking variations.     

Reply to comment by J. R. Murphy on 'Q for short-period P waves: is it frequency dependent?' by A. Douglas

Using network averaged spectra Murphy (1989) demonstrates that if it is assumed that the source functions of explosions at Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site (NTS) are as predicted by the Mueller-Murphy (M-M) source model then the average t * at around 1 Hz for P waves radiated from the test site must be about 0.75 s. With this value of t * Murphy (1989) estimates the best fitting M-M spectrum for each explosion studied, by adjusting A, t _o & c ; A & t _o being the amplitude and delay time of pP relative to P and c the wave speed for the material in which the explosion was fired. The absolute amplitudes of the theoretical spectra are obtained using a calibration factor estimated from the data. Murphy (1993) extends the analysis to explosions in granite at the Nevada, French Sahara and E. Kazakh test sites. For the French Sahara explosion t * is assumed to be 0.75 s (Murphy's estimate for NTS explosions), and for the E. Kazakh explosion a t * of 0.55 s is used. For the French Sahara and E. Kazakh explosions Murphy (1993) shows that by using the same calibration factor as for the NTS it is possible by varying A & t _o to fit the estimated average network spectra using the M-M granite source. Murphy (1993) states that the amplitudes and spectra for the largest NTS explosion in granite (PILE DRIVER) can also be predicted using the M-M model but these results are not shown.     

Ocean Geography vis-à-vis Global Change and Sustainable Development

The associated development of global change research programs and the adoption of a global approach to the ocean by Agenda 21, Chapter 17 have generated an increasing need for investigations into coastal, deep ocean, and island management. To contribute to the development of ocean sciences vis-à-vis this need, in 1996 the International Geographical Union (IGU) launched the Oceans program. In 1998, the International Year of the Ocean, this program was implemented and converted into the Oceans 21 program, convened by the IGU and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. The epistemological and conceptual backgrounds of this program framework, jointly with its key contents, are presented and discussed, as well as its consistency with the program areas and sectoral issues of Agenda 21.     

RECENT PUBLICATIONS

Analytical Tools Statistical Concepts in Geography. JOHN SILK Towards the Dynamic Analysis of Spatial Systems. R. L. MARTIN, N. J. THRIFT, and R. J. BENNETT, eds. Economic Geography Agro-Industrial Complexes and Types of Agriculture in Eastern Siberia. V. P. SHOTSKI Farmland, Food, and the Future. MAX SCHNEPF, ed. Environmental Management and Resources Planning the Uses and Management of Land. MARVIN T. BEATTY, GARY W. PETERSEN, and LESTER D. SWINDALE, eds. Historical Geography Planning the Past. ROBERT M. NEWCOMB Philosophy and Geographic Thought Spatial Dynamics and Optimal Space-Time Development. W. ISARD, P. LIOSSATOS, with assistance by Y. KANEMOTO and P. KANISS Carl Sauer's Fieldwork in Latin America. R. C. WEST Physical Geography Geographical Approaches to Fluvial Processes. ALISTAIR F. PITTY, ed. Physical Geography. P. GERSMEHL, W. KAMMRATH, and H. GROSS Population and Migration Location and Environment of Elderly Population. STEPHEN M. GOLANT, ed. Regional and Urban Planning Applied Models in Urban and Regional Analysis. Norbert Oppenheim Economic Development in Retrospect. Allan Rodgers Local Planning. SEBASTIAN LOEW Regional Planning and National Development. R. P. MISRA, D. V. URS, V. K. NATRAJ, eds. Regional Geography The Spatial Structure of Development: A Study of Kenya. R. A. OBUDHO and D. R. F. TAYLOR, eds. Social Geography Geographical Perspectives on Inequality. DAVID M. SMITH Teaching and Learning Geographical Education: Curriculum Problems in Certain European Countries with Special Reference to the 76-79 Age Group. NORMAN J. GRAVES, ed. Urban Geography and Settlements Urban Residential Location Models. STEPHEN H. PUTNAM City and Suburb: The Political Fragmentation of Metropolitan America, 1850-1970. Jon C. Teaford The Open Housing Market: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1966-1976. B. J. L. BERRY Spatial Inequalities and Regional Development. HENDRIK FOLMER and JAN OOSTERHAVEN, eds.     

Book Reviews

Golledge, Reginald G. and Stimson, Robert J., Spatial Behavior: A Geographic Perspective Gradus, Yehuda and Lipshitz, Gabriel, The Mosaic of Israeli Geography Hardwick, Susan Wiley and Holtgrieve, Donald G., Geography for Educators: Standards, Themes, and Concepts Imrie, Rob, Disability and the City: International Perspectives Howe, Jim; McMahon, Ed and Propst, Luther, Balancing Nature and Commerce in Gateway Communities Johnson, Troy R., The Occupation of Alcatraz Island: Indian Self-Determination and the Rise of Indian Activism Gordon, Terry G.; Kilpenen, Jon T. and Gritzner, Charles F., The Mountain West: Interpreting the Folk Landscape Keeling, David J., Contemporary Argentina: A Geographical Perspective Lamb, H. H., Climate, History and the Modern World Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary Papadopoulos, Alex G., Urban Regimes and Strategies: Building Europe's Central Executive District in Brussels Parnwell, Michael J. G. and Bryant, Raymond L., Environmental Change in South-East Asia: People, Politics and Sustainable Development Peet, Richard and Watts, Michael, Liberation Ecologies: Environment, Development, Social Movements Raberg, Per, The Life Region: The Social and Cultural Ecology of Sustainable Development Simon, David, Transport and Development in the Third World Rees, Philip; Stillwell, John; Convey, Andrew and Kupiszewski, Marek (eds), Population Migration in the European Union Sousan, John; Shrestha, Bharat K. and Uprety, Laya P., The Social Dynamics of Deforestation: A Case Study from Nepal Smith, David A., Third World Cities in Global Perspective: The Political Economy of Uneven Urbanization