2013年通辽M_S5.3地震及其前震序列判定

以2013年4月22日内蒙古通辽MS5.3地震为研究对象,在序列统计分析的基础上,通过HypoD D双差定位和震源机制求解,分析了之前的ML4.4地震与MS5.3地震的关系。结果表明,通辽MS5.3地震是在震中区中小地震长期平静和震前短期活动增强的背景下发生的一次中强地震;地震精确定位结果显示,通辽MS5.3地震序列整体呈NW向展布,延伸约10km,ML≥3.0余震集中发生于主震南侧约2km处;MS5.3主震和ML4.4前震的震中相距约1.8km,震源深度分别为7.208、7.089km,表明两者的震源位置比较接近,可能发生于同一断层面;震源机制结果表明,通辽MS5.3主震的震源机制为走滑型,余震震源机制类型比较凌乱,由前期的走滑为主转变为后期的正断层和逆冲型;3次较大前震的震源机制解具有一致性,均为正断层,一定程度上表现了震中区地壳介质在宏观破裂前存在明显的各向异性,具体表现为裂隙的定向排列,这种"一致性"的震兆状态在应力的进一步作用下孕育发生了主震。根据地震序列的时空分布特点和震源机制相似性,综合判定通辽MS5.3地震应为前震-主震-余震型。     

利用CAP方法和瑞利面波振幅谱联合反演宁强5.3级地震震源深度

2018年9月12日19时6分,陕西省汉中市宁强县发生5.3级地震,不同机构给出的震源深度结果相差较大。为进一步确定宁强5.3级地震的震源深度,基于区域速度模型,首先利用CAP方法反演得到该地震的震源机制解,然后采用瑞利面波振幅谱和CAP深度误差函数联合反演,进一步测定了此次地震的矩心深度。结果显示:CAP方法得到的陕西宁强5.3级地震矩心深度约为12km,瑞利面波振幅谱测定的矩心深度为13km,结合引入的误差函数联合反演,最终确定陕西宁强5.3级地震的矩心深度为13km左右,表明此次地震仍属于发生于上地壳的地震。     

内蒙古通辽5.3级地震序列特征及发震背景分析

2013年4月22日在赤峰—开原断裂中段发生了内蒙古通辽5.3级地震,对我国华北和东北地区的地震形势产生双重影响。基于K值、G-R关系、能量释放比例RE和M-T等指标判定通辽5.3级地震为主震-余震型。根据1900年以来东北地区中强地震时空演化规律分析认为,大兴安岭和松辽盆地5级以上地震具有基于时间相依的空间对跳现象,通辽5.3地震是继2008年6月10日阿荣旗与鄂伦春交界5.2级地震之后,对跳发生于松辽盆地东南边缘的一次中强地震;对比东北地区以往震例分析认为,通辽5.3级地震既具有符合历史统计规律的普遍性,又具有不同于历史统计规律的特殊性。根据2011年3月11日日本东海岸9.0级强震前后东北地区中等以上地震的时空演化特征分析认为,海拉尔盆地及大兴安岭过渡带、环渤海地区至开鲁盆地的"菱形"区域是日本9.0级地震之后我国东部地区响应最为强烈的地区。由于同时受到日本9.0级地震和鄂霍次克海8.2级深震前所未有的双重影响,2013年东北地区的松辽盆地史无前例的发生了8次5级以上中强地震,未来东北地区很可能将重启新的地震活动格局。     

Analysis on the Characteristics of the Kalpin MS5.3 Earthquake Sequence of December 1, 2013 and Anomalies before the Earthquake

This paper introduces the basic parameters, focal mechanism solutions and earthquake sequence characteristics of the Kalpin M_S5.3 earthquake sequence of December 1, 2013, and analyzed seismic activity before the earthquake, the adjacent tectonic features and the precursory anomaly at fixed points within a range of 200km. Research indicates:(1) The earthquake occurred on Kalpin fault, the source rupture type is thrust faulting with sinistral strike-slip component. (2) The earthquake sequence is mainshock-aftershock type, with the aftershock distribution attenuating quickly and trending NE. (3) Abnormal seismic activity before the earthquake was characterized by seismically nesting quiescence of M_S2.0-4.0 earthquakes, seismic quiescence of M_S4.0 earthquakes and seismic belts of M_S3.0 earthquakes in the Kalpin block, abnormal enhancement zone of moderate earthquakes on Puchang fault and seismological parameters. (4) Anomalies of precursory observation data at fixed stations are mainly characterized by mutation. Apart from the borehole tiltmeter in Halajun, the spatial distribution of other abnormal precursors showed a phenomenon of migration from the near field to far field and from the epicenter to the peripheries.     

2018年宁强MS5.3地震前重力场变化特征分析

利用陕甘川地区2016—2018年5期流动重力观测资料,分析了陕西宁强MS5.3地震前半年和1年尺度的重力场变化特征。同时采用小波多尺度分解方法,对宁强MS5.3地震震中区的布格重力异常进行1～4阶小波分解,并对1～4阶小波细节图像进行分析。研究结果表明:①宁强MS5.3地震重力场呈现“正向变化—正向减弱—负向变化—负向减弱”演化过程,震前重力场呈现四象限分布特征,震中位于鞍部位置,符合走滑型地震特征;②布格重力异常2～3阶小波细节对宁强MS5.3地震孕震特征有较好的反映,对应的场源深度为10～15km,与本次地震震源深度11km有较好的对应关系。     

Relocation of the Jinghe MS6.6 Earthquake Sequence on August 9, 2017 and Analysis of the Seismogenic Structure

Based on the digital waveforms of the Xinjiang Digital Seismic Network,the Jinghe M_S6.6 earthquake sequence( M_L≥1. 0) were relocated by HypoDD,The characteristics of the spatial distribution and the seismogenic structure of this earthquake sequence were analyzed. The results show that the main shock is relocated at 44. 2639° N,82. 8294° E,and the initial rupture depth is 17. 6 km. The earthquake sequence clearly demonstrates a unilateral extension of about 20 km in the EW direction,and is mainly located at a depth of 7km-17 km. The depth profile along the aftershock direction shows that the focal depth of aftershocks tend to be shallower within 10 km to the west of the main shock,the focal depth of the aftershock sequence with the tail direction deflecting SW is deeper. The depth profile perpendicular to the earthquake sequence shows a gradual deepening of the seismic sequence from north to south,which indicates that the fault plane is dipping south.According to the focal mechanism solution,given by the Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,and the geological structure of the seismic source region,it is inferred that the seismogenic structure of the Jinghe M_S 6.6 earthquake may be the eastern segment of the Kusongmuxieke fault.     

A Preliminary Analysis of the Seismogenic Structure of the Akto MS6.7 Earthquake Sequence on November 25, 2016

In this study,data from the Xinjiang regional network and IRIS shared global stations are used to relocate the Akto M_S6. 7 earthquake sequence on November 25,2016 by using double difference location method. Three earthquakes of M_S4. 8,M_S6. 7 and M_S5. 0 are inverted by using the g CAP method,and the focal mechanism solutions are obtained.According to the results of relocating,the location of the main shock is 39. 22°N,73. 98°E,the distribution of the earthquake sequence is about 70 km in length,and the focal depth is mainly within the range of 5-20 km. The plane and depth profiles of the earthquake sequence show that aftershocks extended in SEE direction after the main shock and the dip angle of fault plane is steep. Focal mechanism results show that the three earthquakes are characterized by strike-slip movement. Based on the results of field geological investigation,it is inferred that the seismogenic fault of the Akto earthquake is Muji fault,which is located at the northernmost end of the Kongur extensional system.The possible cause of this earthquake is that the Indian Plate continues to push northward,and during this compression process,the Indian Plate is affected by the clockwise rotation of the Tarim basin,which causes the accumulation of right-lateral action of the Muji fault,resulting in this earthquake.     

2015年四川乐山金口河M5.0地震孕震构造条件分析

2015年1月14日乐山金口河M5.0地震发生在历史地震强度较低的川南山区与四川盆地交界一带。基于四川区域地震台网的震相报告与波形资料,采用双差定位法对地震序列进行重新定位,同时,采用CAP波形反演方法及HASH方法反演了主震及序列中8次M_L≥2.0地震的震源机制解。另外,利用Coulomb3计算了主震发生后库仑应力改变量,得到的结果如下：①重新定位结果显示,金口河M5.0地震位于（103.18°E,29.32°N）,震源深度16.6km,略深于波形反演结果（12km）。序列分布在NNW向天全-荥经断裂和NE向西河-美姑断裂的交汇部位,余震序列在空间上呈NE向展布。②M5.0主震的机制解为节面Ⅰ：走向350°/倾角46°/滑动角107°,节面Ⅱ：走向146°/倾角47°/滑动角73°,表现为走向NW（NNW）、中等倾角的逆冲型运动方式。序列中其余8次M_L≥2.0余震大多以走向NE的逆冲型地震为主,个别为走滑或正断层类型。主震和大部分余震的节面方向不一致,主震节面方向与余震长轴方向也不一致。③主震后库仑应力改变量显示,余震主要发生在主震引起的库仑破裂应力增加的区域。综合分析推测,NNW向天全-荥经断裂为本次地震主震的发震构造,倾向NE的机制解节面Ⅰ指出了该断裂的几何产状;M5.0主震发生后,立即触发了其旁侧的NE向西河-美姑断裂,并激发了多次余震。     

2021年10月15日内蒙古阿鲁科尔沁旗4.7级地震发震构造研究

2021年10月15日,内蒙古赤峰市阿鲁科尔沁旗发生4.7级地震,该地震是继2003年8月16日阿鲁科尔沁旗5.9级地震后,该区发生的第二次中等以上地震。使用CAP方法获取本次地震的震源机制解,将其与2003年5.9级地震的震源机制解比较发现,两次地震震源机制解结果基本一致,节面Ⅱ走向均为NW,且两次地震余震序列走向均为NW向展布,结合地质构造资料,判定两次地震的发震构造均为水泉子沟—天山口断裂。通过对2012年以来震源区及其附近区域的22个M_L≥3.5地震的可靠震源机制解的研究分析,发现通辽至阿鲁科尔沁旗一带震源机制解类型均为走滑型,应力场反演结果显示该区应力场受NNW向拉张和NEE向挤压联合作用,应力形因子R为0.7,表明近EW向的中间应力轴也具有拉张性质,构造环境以拉张作用为主。本次4.7级地震可能是在NNW向和近EW向拉张以及NEE向挤压的作用力下,水泉子沟—天山口断裂发生正走滑错动形成的一次中等强度地震。     

2017年8月9日精河6.6级地震序列重定位与发震构造初步研究

基于新疆区域数字地震台网震相观测报告,采用HypoDD方法精确定位了精河M_S6.6地震序列M_L≥1.0地震的震源位置,综合分析了此次地震序列的空间分布特征和可能的发震构造。结果显示,主震震中为44.2639°N、82.8294°E,震源初始破裂深度为17.6km;地震序列总体沿近EW（273°）向单侧扩展,展布长度约20km;震源深度优势分布范围为7～17km;沿余震走向的深度剖面显示,主震向西10km范围内,余震震源有逐渐变浅的趋势,余震序列中尾端向SW方向偏转的地震震源较深;垂直于地震序列的深度剖面显示,地震序列自北向南呈现逐渐加深的变化特征,表明发震断层面倾向为S倾。综合考虑中国地震局地球物理研究所给定的震源机制解以及震源区地质构造情况推测,精河M_S6.6地震发震构造可能为库松木契克山前断裂东段。     

Relocation of the MS5.7 Earthquake Sequence in Songyuan, Jilin Province, 2018 and the Analysis of Its Seismogenic Structure

The 2018,Songyuan,Jilin M_S5. 7 earthquake occurred at the intersection of the FuyuZhaodong fault and the Second Songhua River fault. The moment magnitude of this earthquake is M_W5. 3,the centroid depth by the waveform fitting is 12 km,and it is a strike-slip type event. In this paper,with the seismic phase data provided by the China Earthquake Network, the double-difference location method is used to relocate the earthquake sequence,finally the relocation results of 60 earthquakes are obtained. The results show that the aftershock zone is about 4. 3km long and 3. 1km wide,which is distributed in the NE direction. The depth distribution of the seismic sequence is 9km-10 km. 1-2 days after the main shock,the aftershocks were scattered throughout the aftershock zone,and the largest aftershock occurred in the northeastern part of the aftershock zone. After 3-8 days,the aftershocks mainly occurred in the southwestern part of the aftershock zone. The profile distribution of the earthquake sequence shows that the fault plane dips to the southeast with the dip angle of about 75°. Combined with the regional tectonic setting,focal mechanism solution and intensity distribution,we conclude that the concealed fault of the Fuyu-Zhaodong fault is the seismogenic fault of the Songyuan M_S5. 7 earthquake. This paper also relocates the earthquake sequence of the previous magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017. Combined with the results of the focal mechanism solution,we believe that the two earthquakes have the same seismogenic structure,and the earthquake sequence generally develops to the southwest. The historical seismic activity since 2009 shows that after the magnitude 5. 0 earthquake in 2017,the frequency and intensity of earthquakes in the earthquake zone are obviously enhanced,and attention should be paid to the development of seismic activity in the southwest direction of the earthquake zone.     

基于震源机制解的断层三维动画自动生成——以九寨沟7.0级、精河6.6级地震为例

基于震源机制解的断层三维动画自动生成系统以地震应急实际需求为导向,根据震源机制解提供的断层走向、倾角和滑动角,通过对断层模型进行三维建模,建立断层控制点的运动方程,利用动画自动生成技术,生成发震断层的三维演示动画。利用该系统制作了九寨沟7.0级、精河6.6级地震的三维运动动画。该系统自动产出的断层三维动画,可在地震应急期间为抗震救灾指挥部展示直观的断层运动过程,并且结合余震分布等信息可为震后趋势的判定提供科学依据,同时,可借助微博、微信等新媒体为社会公众提供更好的服务。     

The NE Directed Seismicity Belt in Tibet after the MS8.1 Nepal Earthquake and Its Predictive Significance

After the 2015 M_S8.1 Nepal earthquake, a strong and moderate seismicity belt has formed in Tibet gradually spreading along the northeast direction. In this paper, we attempt to summarize the features and investigate the primary mechanism of this behavior of seismic activity, using a 2-D finite element numerical model with tectonic dynamic settings and GPS horizontal displacements as the constraints. In addition, compared with the NE-trending seismicity belt triggered by the 1996 Xiatongmoin earthquake, we discuss the future earthquake hazard in and around Tibet. Our results show that:the NE-directed seismicity belt is the response of enhanced loading on the anisotropic Qinghai-Tibetan plateau from the Indian plate and earthquake thrusting. Also, this possibly implies that a forthcoming strong earthquake may fill in the gaps in the NE-directed seismicity belt or enhance the seismic hazard in the eastern (the north-south seismic zone) and western (Tianshan tectonic region) parts near the NE-directed belt.     

尼泊尔MS 8.1地震与青藏高原周边地区多尺度重力场特性分析

通过分析EGM2008模型提取的青藏高原及周边地区重力场细节信息,概述了尼泊尔M_S 8.1地震的均衡重力异常特征,并结合GPS数据对研究区的动力学进行综合分析。结果表明,在喜马拉雅山脉地震带区存在重力的正、负值异常区及梯度带,这与该研究区局部应力应变积累、构造活动加剧、深部物质向研究区迁移以及研究区局部密度增高有关。     

2018年9月4日新疆伽师MS5.5地震序列及发震构造讨论

2018年9月4日新疆伽师发生M_S5.5地震,震中处于塔里木地块西北缘,位于1997~1998年伽师强震群震区内。此次伽师地震前发生了M_S4.7前震,截至9月30日最大余震震级为M_S4.6（M_L5.0）,初步判定为前-主-余型地震序列。序列精定位结果显示,余震沿近NE向展布,主震震源深度与1997~1998年伽师强震主震基本一致,发震断层陡立。本文从区域的构造环境、地震震源机制解和余震分布特征等方面分析认为,地震发生在伽师隐伏断裂东南端部,为1997~1998年伽师强震群震区的一次新的构造活动。序列参数、视应力等计算结果显示,伽师M_S5.5地震的预测最大余震震级与最大余震震级M_S4.6接近,表明序列最大余震已经发生。     

青海、新疆和西藏地区地震活动平静特征参数Wq值强震预测模式及其应用

以青海、新疆、西藏地区为研究区域,系统研究总结了该区域2010—2020年5.0级以上地震前W_q值的时空演化特征,并以2020年新疆于田6.4级和西藏尼玛6.6级地震为实例进行阐述。得出以下三点认识:①地震一般发生在W_q值异常扩展时段或扩展—减小时段,6.0级以上W_q值异常的震例中,约81%发生于异常出现后的9个月内;②地震一般位于W_q值异常面积扩展区或扩展—减小恢复区附近,近70%的震例发生在W_q值异常区内;③建立了震级与W_q值异常区面积间的正相关统计模型,二者的相关系数(R)为0.85,为预测青海、新疆和西藏地区地震的强度提供了定量关系。青海、新疆和西藏地区W_q值方法对6.0～6.9级地震的预测效果(W_q值异常的地震报准率为61%)优于5.0～5.9级地震(W_q值异常的地震报准率为26%),为我国地球物理观测程度较低地区开展强震中短期(1年内)预测提供了参考依据。     

2018年9月4日伽师5.5级地震序列震源机制解及震源处应力场特征

本文采用新疆测震台网数字波形记录，利用CAP和P、S波初动和振幅比方法计算2018年9月4日伽师5.5级地震序列中M_S≥2.5地震的震源机制解，结合地震烈度等震线和双差重定位后的地震序列空间展布等特征分析了此次地震的发震构造，反演了震源处应力场。结果表明，伽师5.5级地震呈NE向的节面I为发震断层面，属于左旋走滑断层，震源深度为9km，发震构造可能为浅部超基底断裂；地震序列中有21次为走滑型，4次为正断型，说明绝大多数序列的破裂方式与主震相近，表明余震应力场主要受主震震源应力场控制；P轴方位在NNE向有明显的优势分布且倾伏角较小，T轴方位在NWW向有明显的优势分布且倾伏角较小，说明震源处主要以NNE向水平挤压和NWW向水平拉张作用为主；此次伽师5.5级地震序列表现的浅部应力场与已有研究得出的震源区深部应力场基本一致，应力形因子R的最优解为0.17，说明震源处近NE向中间主应力σ₂有一定挤压成分。     

2020年云南巧家MS5.0地震微震检测及发震构造初步探讨

利用匹配定位方法对2020年5月18日云南巧家Ms5.0地震震后24h震源附近台站.记录的连续波形进行遗漏地震扫描和定位,共识别出327个地震事件,约为台网目录的2.4倍,最小完整震级由最初的ML1.9降至ML1.1.随后,依据最新目录计算了震后震源区的b值,并结合余震展布形态,初步分析此次地震发震构造.研究结果显示,...     

2020年6月26日新疆于田6.4级地震前中期和短期预测依据与启示

2020年6月26日新疆于田6.4级地震发生在2020年度全国地震危险区内,震前作出了较好的中期（年度）和短期（月尺度和周尺度）预测,是少有的地球物理观测能力较低地区的强震前中期和短临预测较好震例。本文梳理了中期和短期预测的主要依据及其预测效能,研究表明,震前中期异常主要有流动地磁、多方法组合、5.0级地震平静打破、6.0级地震的准周期活动等;短期异常有4.0级地震活动图像、中源地震影响、于田垂直摆倾斜EW、于田GNSS基准站EW位移、和田GNSS基准站EW位移等。在总结震前分析预测过程的基础上,提出针对地球物理观测密度低地区的地震危险区论证和短临跟踪的建议,为该类地区的地震危险区判定及跟踪工作提供宝贵经验。     

松原5.7级地震震中区土壤氢气变化特征

2018年5月28日吉林松原发生5.7级地震,为了探究地震对断层气的影响以及震后断层气变化特征,震后在震中区进行了多期土壤氢气浓度观测工作,得到了震中区氢气浓度的最大值、背景值等多项指标。结合地震前后氢气浓度数据,分析震中区震前、震后氢气浓度趋势性变化情况,结果显示:在此次地震活动中,氢气浓度变化有"震前缓慢升高—临震下降—震后迅速升高—强余震前再次骤升"的现象;氢气浓度变化与地震活动间有很好的映震关系,主震对氢气浓度的上升起主要作用,而余震则起诱发作用,余震的活动会使赋存在地下岩石裂隙的氢气释放量增大,表明氢气对余震活动的响应较灵敏;另外,震后某一时刻空气中的氢气浓度也会升高,这可能与区域断层中的氢气逸散到大气中有一定关系。