甘肃李坝金矿围岩蚀变与金成矿关系

西秦岭地区是目前国内造山型和卡林型金矿找矿的热点地区之一,已发现的甘肃李坝造山型金矿为超大型规模。以李坝金矿6号矿带为例,系统地研究了其蚀变矿物组合、近矿围岩蚀变分带及相应的金矿化特征,总结了矿床(带)的蚀变分带模式。该模式具典型的中心式环带结构,可分为3个蚀变带,由中心向外依次为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云母化带和绿泥石化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿+绢云母+石英±毒砂±白云母±电气石±方解石、绢云母+绿泥石+石英+黄铁矿±黑云母及绿泥石+黑云母±绢云母±黄铁矿;与这3个蚀变带相对应的是金的富集带、矿化带和无矿带。蚀变岩石物质组分迁移分析表明,围岩蚀变及其分带是热水流体/岩石反应时岩石化学组分发生迁移的结果,矿化伴随着蚀变发生,且金矿化与黄铁矿化和浸染状硅化关系最为密切。     

Orogenic Gold Mineralization in the Qolqoleh Deposit, Northwestern Iran

The Qolqoleh gold deposit is located in the northwestern part of the Sanandai‐Sirjan Zone, northwest of Iran. Gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh deposit is almost entirely confined to a series of steeply dipping ductile–brittle shear zones generated during Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision between the Afro‐Arabian and the Iranian microcontinent. The host rocks are Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences consisting of felsic to mafic metavolcanics, which are metamorphosed to greenschist facies, sericite and chlorite schists. The gold orebodies were found within strong ductile deformation to late brittle deformation. Ore‐controlling structure is NE–SW‐trending oblique thrust with vergence toward south ductile–brittle shear zone. The highly strained host rocks show a combination of mylonitic and cataclastic microstructures, including crystal–plastic deformation and grain size reduction by recrystalization of quartz and mica. The gold orebodies are composed of Au‐bearing highly deformed and altered mylonitic host rocks and cross‐cutting Au‐ and sulfide‐bearing quartz veins. Approximately half of the mineralization is in the form of dissemination in the mylonite and the remainder was clearly emplaced as a result of brittle deformation in quartz–sulfide microfractures, microveins and veins. Only low volumes of gold concentration was introduced during ductile deformation, whereas, during the evident brittle deformation phase, competence contrasts allowed fracturing to focus on the quartz–sericite domain boundaries of the mylonitic foliation, thus permitting the introduction of auriferous fluid to create disseminated and cross‐cutting Au‐quartz veins. According to mineral assemblages and alteration intensity, hydrothermal alteration could be divided into three zones: silicification and sulfidation zone (major ore body); sericite and carbonate alteration zone; and sericite–chlorite alteration zone that may be taken to imply wall‐rock interaction with near neutral fluids (pH 5–6). Silicified and sulfide alteration zone is observed in the inner parts of alteration zones. High gold grades belong to silicified highly deformed mylonitic and ultramylonitic domains and silicified sulfide‐bearing microveins. Based on paragenetic relationships, three main stages of mineralization are recognized in the Qolqoleh gold deposit. Stage I encompasses deposition of large volumes of milky quartz and pyrite. Stage II includes gray and buck quartz, pyrite and minor calcite, sphalerite, subordinate chalcopyrite and gold ores. Stage III consists of comb quartz and calcite, magnetite, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite and gold ores. Studies on regional geology, ore geology and ore‐forming stages have proved that the Qolqoleh deposit was formed in the compression–extension stage during the Late Cretaceous–Tertiary continental collision in a ductile–brittle shear zone, and is characterized by orogenic gold deposits.     

陕西省铧厂沟金矿围岩蚀变和元素迁移特征

陕西省铧厂沟金矿床位于勉略缝合带以南,矿体受控于近东西向逆冲断层和韧脆性剪切带。本文以细碧岩矿带为例,系统研究了围岩蚀变分带及蚀变矿物组合,总结了矿床的蚀变分带模式。围岩蚀变以穿切细碧岩透镜体的剪切带为中心向外依次可划分为黄铁绢英岩化带、绢云碳酸盐化带和绿泥赤铁矿化带。蚀变矿物组合分别为黄铁矿＋铁白云石＋铬云母＋绢云母＋钠长石＋石英＋方解石、铁白云石＋绢云母＋钠长石＋石英±黄铁矿、（铁）绿泥石＋钠长石＋铁白云石＋赤铁矿＋钛铁氧化物＋石英±绿帘石。蚀变岩石组分迁移分析表明,在围岩蚀变过程中, SiO2、Na2O、Fe2O3T、MgO与Y等组分发生不同程度的迁出, K2O、CaO、Ba、Rb、Sr、Cr、Cu、Pb和挥发组分等迁入,并以黄铁绢英岩化带最为显著。金在成矿流体中以Au（HS）–2络合物迁移,成矿流体与富铁细碧岩之间的反应是金沉淀重要机制。     

新疆吐拉苏盆地京希-伊尔曼德金矿地质和地球化学特征研究

京希-伊尔曼德金矿位于新疆北天山吐拉苏盆地的西北缘,赋存于泥盆纪-早石炭世火山-沉积地层底部的凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩中,围岩经历了绢云母化、黄铁矿化、多期硅化和角砾化、碳酸盐化和重晶石化,金矿化与硅化围岩紧密伴生。矿体呈透镜状、层状和似层状,产状与围岩基本一致,主要由热液角砾岩型矿石组成,其热液演化期由四个阶段组成:I:硅化及绢云母化——在围岩凝灰岩和凝灰质砂岩中形成大量浸染状石英、绢云母和少量黄铁矿;II:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩a,角砾为早期蚀变围岩,胶结物为烟灰色玉髓状石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;III:角砾化及硅化——形成含金热液角砾岩b,角砾为热液角砾岩a和蚀变围岩,胶结物为细粒石英、黄铁矿、毒砂和少量金矿物;IV:方解石-重晶石阶段——形成大量粗大的方解石-重晶石脉。京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体本身富集V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Sb,且其中的Mn、Co、Zn、Bi以及大离子亲石元素LILE主要来自火山岩围岩。从成矿早期到晚期,成矿流体轻稀土元素逐渐富集、氧化性增强。水-岩体系氢、氧同位素组成模拟计算表明,京希-伊尔曼德金矿成矿流体主要为与区内火山岩再平衡的岩浆水,其中金浓度为1×10-6～2×10-6,形成该矿需要约1×108～0.5×108t岩浆热液,蚀变围岩和矿石中黄铁矿富集轻稀土元素。角砾化作用及其伴随的氧逸度升高是导致金沉淀的主要机制。     

甘肃岷县寨上金矿床地质特征及成因初探

寨上金矿床位于西秦岭岷-礼前渊盆地西侧南部,发育在不同岩性和不同粒度组成海底斜坡扇环境下的浊积岩系中.主要的含矿建造为晚泥盆系e组的一套沉积岩系.岩石具有碳-钙-泥质沉积岩高频叠置组合.控矿构造属于韧性-脆性递进剪切变形构造性质,该构造呈NWW向延伸,南倾,倾角30°～50°,具有递进多期多阶段活动的特点,是本区控矿和成矿的主要决定因素.含矿围岩热液蚀变作用微弱,主要表现为浸染状、细脉状-浸染状的含砷黄铁矿化、毒砂化、微细脉与细网脉状硅化、铁白云石化,均与金矿化密切相关.矿石构造以微细粒稀疏浸染状构造、微细脉-稀疏浸染状构造、团块-浸染状构造、草莓状构造为主,矿石结构以自形-半自形微细粒状结构、半自形-他形粒状结构、增生环带结构、包含结构为主.矿区发现了南、北两个矿带,北矿带主要发育黄铁矿型金矿体、黄铁矿-毒砂型金矿体、锑-金型金矿体;南矿带主要发育铜金矿体.因此认为,①中泥盆统e组细碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩为本区矿源层;②寨上金矿区控矿构造属于韧-脆性递进剪切变形构造性质,具有递进多期多阶段活动的特点,是本区控矿和成矿的主要决定因素;③含砷黄铁矿、毒砂的增生环带,是由含砷低的黄铁矿或毒砂内核和含砷较高的黄铁矿或毒砂增生环带构成;④矿床具有后生中低温热液特点,将寨上金矿确定为经典卡林型矿床类型.     

胶东三山岛北海域金矿床热液蚀变作用研究

三山岛北海域金矿床位于胶东金矿省的西北缘,是2015年新发现的超大型金矿床（储量470 t、Au品位4.30 g/t）,金矿体赋存于中生代玲珑式花岗岩中,主矿体受三山岛-仓上断裂带控制。中生代含矿的玲珑式花岗岩显示了复杂的蚀变、矿化共生组合关系。三山岛-仓上断裂的活动使热液流体发生渗透,导致断裂带两侧发生广泛的钾化蚀变。随后,大规模的绢云母化沿主断裂两侧形成。随着断层泥的形成,其作为"阻挡层"使含矿流体不能运移到断裂带上盘,成矿流体在下盘发生强烈的绢云母-石英-黄铁矿蚀变并伴有金的析出。最后石英-碳酸盐脉的形成标志着与金成矿相关热液活动减弱。钾化和绢英岩化岩石的平衡计算揭示了SiO2、MgO和CaO带入,TiO2、K2O基本不变,而Na2O表现为带出;大多数主量元素受强烈的矿物反应影响。Au、Ag、Bi、As、Pb、Zn等相关成矿元素呈带入特征,它们之间多呈正相关关系且与黄铁绢英岩化有密切关系,显示出在水岩反应过程中不同类型的元素具有复杂的地球化学行为。蚀变组合和流体包裹体研究表明,成矿流体以中低温（126~351℃）、中低盐度（1.02%~10.48% NaCleqv）为特征,属于CO2-H2O-NaCl±CH4体系。在热液流体中,金可能主要以Au（HS）2-络合物的形式运移;黄铁绢英岩化过程中,硫化作用使Au（HS）2-络合物失稳分解导致Au沉淀富集成矿。华北克拉通的重新活化导致软流圈上涌和大量火成岩的形成,也为胶东发生大规模金成矿作用提供了充足的的热能和流体输入。     

新疆阿希金矿:古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床

新疆阿希金矿床为一形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液金矿床,矿床产于伊犁—中天山板块北部中天山北缘活动大陆边缘的吐拉苏火山岩断陷盆地中。其赋矿围岩为大哈拉军山组安山质火山岩和火岩碎屑岩,矿体呈脉状产于古火山口外围的环形断裂带中,主要金属矿物有自然金、银金矿、黄铁矿、白铁矿、毒砂、赤铁矿、褐铁矿以及微量的浓红银矿、硒银矿、硫锑铜银矿、角银矿等,非金属矿物有石英、玉髓、菱铁矿、方解石、绢云母、冰长石等,围岩蚀变作用主要有硅化、绢云母化、碳酸盐化和青盘岩化。矿床以富集Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Se、Te、Mo元素组合为特征,Ag/Au比值小,为0.46～11.1。氢、氧、碳、硫及稀有气体同位素组成特征显示其成矿流体主要为循环大气降水;成矿流体盐度主要为0.7%～3.1%NaCl_(eqv),平均为2.2%NaCl_(eqv);成矿温度为120～240℃,平均190℃;最大成矿深度约700 m。沸腾作用是引起成矿流体中矿质发生沉淀富集的主要成矿机制,成矿作用过程中流体处于近中性pH值的还原环境,成矿时代介于晚泥盆世晚期((363.2±5.7)Ma)到早石炭世维宪期。其一系列特征显示该矿是一个典型的、形成于古生代的低硫型浅成低温热液型金矿床。矿床得以保存与矿床形成后很快被阿恰勒河组沉积盖层覆盖有关,从上新世开始由于印度板块对欧亚板块的碰撞挤压作用,天山造山带被快速抬升遭受风化剥蚀作用使矿床重新露出地表而被发现。阿希金矿的发现对于在中、新生代以前的造山带中寻找浅成低温热液型金矿床具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。     

Shear-related gold mineralization in Northwest Ghana: The Julie deposit

The Julie deposit is currently the largest gold prospect in NW Ghana. It is hosted in sheared granitoids of TTG composition of the Paleoproterozoic Julie greenstone belt. The main mineralization consists of a corridor of gold-bearing quartz veins forming a network of a few tens of metres in thickness, trending E–W and dipping 30–60° N, contained within the main shear zone that affects these rocks. The core of this vein corridor is altered by sericite, quartz, ankerite, calcite, tourmaline and pyrite, and is surrounded by an outer halo consisting of albite, sericite, calcite, chlorite, pyrite and rutile. A second set of veins, conjugate to the first set, occurs in the area. These veins have alteration halos with a similar mineralogy as the main corridor, however, their extent, as well as the size of the mineralization, is less important. In the main corridor, gold forms micron-sized grains that occur in pyrite as inclusions, on its edges, and in fractures crosscutting it. Silver, tellurium, bismuth, copper and lead commonly accompany the gold. Pyrite occurs disseminated in the veins and in the surrounding rocks. Up to several ppm Au occurs in the structure of pyrite from the main mineralization.     

陕川丁家林-太阳坪金矿地质特征与成矿条件

丁家林-太阳坪金矿床是在秦岭造山带中发现的又一大型金矿床。该矿处于扬子板块与摩天岭地体，阳平关与青川区域边界断裂之间，赋存于茂县群黄坪组浅变质，强变形陆源细碎屑岩中，所圈定的矿（化）体均由叠加于黄坪组有利容矿岩段韧-脆性剪切带控制，与金有关的矿化蚀变主要有黄铁矿化，硅化，铁白云石化，成矿可分5个阶段，以早-中期细粒浸染状黄铁矿化，中-晚期条痕，断续细脉状黄铁矿化和晚期含多种硫化物-石英矿化为主成矿阶段，初步研究表明，属于沉积-浅变质叠加韧-脆性剪切与热液改造的类卡林型金矿床。     

甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义

位于西秦岭礼(县)- 岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5~150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%~92.73%,Ag=7.41%~9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905~926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。     

Mineralogy,geochemistry, and structural controls of a disseminated gold-bearing alteration halo around the schist-hosted Bullendale orogenic gold deposit,New Zealand

Orogenic gold-bearing quartz veins in the middle Tertiary Bullendale Fault Zone, New Zealand were mined historically for coarse gold in a narrow zone (ca. 5 m thick). However, recent drilling has revealed a broad hydrothermal alteration zone extending into the host schist, in which disseminated sulphide and gold mineralisation has occurred. The evidence of alteration is first seen over 150 m across strike from the fault zone, and the best-developed alteration halo is about 50 m wide. The extent and intensity of alteration is strongly controlled by local structures that developed during regional Tertiary kink folding of the pervasively foliated and fissile metasedimentary schist host. The earliest structures are foliation-parallel microshears (micron to millimeter scale) formed during flexural-slip folding. Later, but related, structures are predominantly normal faults and associated shear zones that have formed extensional sites during the regional folding event. All these structures facilitated hydrothermal fluid penetration and rock alteration, with localised vein formation and brecciation. Where fluid has followed structures, metamorphic chlorite, phengite, and titanite have been altered to hydrothermal ankerite, rutile, and muscovite or kaolinite. Ankerite with Fe/(Fe + Mg) < 0.4 formed in host rocks with Fe/(Fe + Mg) of 0.6, and iron released by ankerite alteration possibly formed pyrite and arsenopyrite that host disseminated gold. Fault zones were extensively silicified and veined with quartz, albite, sulphides, and gold. Host rocks have wide compositional variations because of centimeter-scale metamorphic segregation. However, the alteration halo is characterised by elevated CO₂ and S, as measured by loss-on-ignition (doubled to ca. 6 wt.%), elevated As (100–10,000 ppm), and weakly elevated Sb (up to 14 ppm). Strontium is elevated and Ba depleted in many altered rocks, so Sr/Ba ratio increases from < 1 (host rocks) to > 3 in the most altered and silicified rocks. Many altered and mineralised rocks have low Sr/Ba (< 0.5) as well. The subtle geochemical signature is not useful as a vector to ore because of the strong microstructural control on alteration. Likewise, there is no evidence for spatial mineralogical zonation across the alteration halo, although the most intense alteration is centred on the main fault zone, and intensity of alteration is controlled by microstructures at all scales. As documented in previous studies, hydrothermal alteration haloes enlarge the exploration target for some orogenic gold deposits, and may include disseminated gold, as in this Bullendale example.     

黔西南微细浸染型金矿的黄铁矿矿物学研究及其成因意义: 以水银洞金矿为例

贵州黔西南地区的微细浸染型金矿是一种典型的中、低温热液矿床, 矿床总体上受不同级别褶皱与断裂构造的控制。但是, 呈透镜状、似层状展布的矿体形态与大多数热液矿床的空间分布特点差别较大, 导致该区域金矿床的成因长期存疑。本文以水银洞金矿为例, 通过高精度的电子探针(EPMA)与环扫电子显微镜(ESEM)等原位微区分析测试方法, 查明矿石中的黄铁矿至少存在三种类型且空间上均与有机质密切伴生: (1)粗粒黄铁矿: 呈稠密浸染状或条带状分布于龙潭组1段的钙质砂岩内, 其内部和周围的孔洞中常见凝析油和磷灰石、金红石、方解石等热液矿物充填。其中具环带结构的黄铁矿为主要的载金矿物, 微细的不可见金主要赋存在外部2~3层富As的黄铁矿环带中, 测定的Au含量平均为0.06%, 最高可达0.24%, 揭示黄铁矿的内核和环带形成于不同的热液期次。(2)细粒黄铁矿: 呈星散状或稀疏浸染状分布于龙潭组2段富含生物碎屑的钙质凝灰岩内并构成工业富矿体, 富Au、As且多与毒砂等矿物共生, Au最高可达0.14%。围岩的微裂隙中可见被有机质环状包裹的5~10μm大小的自然金颗粒。(3)草莓状黄铁矿: 呈微粒集合体填充于生物格架(Ty1)或者围岩微裂隙(Ty2)中, 两者在龙潭组1段和2段均有分布。Ty1交代生物碎屑且自身具有有机质包壳, Ty2则充填在富含有机质的微裂隙中并部分交代粗粒和细粒黄铁矿, 表明其形成略晚于主成矿阶段。水银洞矿床黄铁矿的结构、成分及空间产状研究揭示, 黔西南微细浸染型金矿具有多期次热液叠加复合成矿的特点。成矿热液持续作用于龙潭组及其下伏的地层, 可交代围岩中的生物碎屑并将其分解为有机质和C、P、N、Ca、Na、K等元素。一方面成矿流体携带有机质向上迁移, 另一方面致密的龙潭组2段及其上部岩层作为"隔挡层"为富Au的热流体成矿提供岩相圈闭。这一成矿作用过程中, 流体交代生物碎屑形成的有机质可能有助于降低Au的溶解度促进其沉淀富集, 使矿体兼具裂控及层控的形态特点。     

河南槐树坪金矿成矿物质共生组合规律及成矿期次

槐树坪金矿是豫西熊耳山地区新发现的大型含金石英脉型金矿床,成矿具有多期次性等特点.为确定槐树坪金矿成矿物质共生组合及成矿期次,通过地球化学数据多元统计分析,得出矿床中Au的富集与成矿指示元素Bi、Ag密切相关,其中与Au矿化阶段相一致的3个主要阶段为:As-Ag-Hg组合沉淀作用阶段、Pb-Zn多金属硫化物矿化阶段和Cu-W-Mo组合沉淀作用阶段.通过岩矿鉴定及野外调研确定的矿石矿物共生组合为(黄铁矿、赤铁矿)—白铁矿—闪锌矿—方铅矿—(黄铜矿、斑铜矿)—蓝辉铜矿;围岩蚀变组合为钾长石、石英、黑云母、高岭土、方解石、白云石、绢云母、绿泥石、绿帘石.矿床成矿期次可划分为蚀变期、热液期及表生期,热液期又包括乳白色石英脉阶段、烟灰色石英—多金属硫化物阶段、白色石英脉—黄铁矿细脉状矿化阶段和石英—碳酸盐化阶段.     

藏南查拉普金矿床载金矿物特征与金的赋存状态

黄铁矿和毒砂是卡林型和造山型金矿床重要的载金矿物。文章通过电子探针(EPMA)分析研究了藏南查拉普金矿床不同类型黄铁矿和毒砂中Au、As、S、Fe等元素的含量变化和分布规律,发现不同阶段的黄铁矿具有不同的结构特征和元素组成特点。沉积成岩期黄铁矿(Py1)主要呈草莓状、胶状,常构成环带状黄铁矿的核心,其中金的含量最高,显示了金在沉积成岩期的大量富集。热液期早阶段黄铁矿(Py2)主要呈自形-半自形的立方体,与Py1元素(S、Fe、As)组成相近,显示了一定的继承演化关系。热液期主阶段黄铁矿(Py3)与毒砂共生,多呈自形-半自形的五角十二面体、立方体,常包裹早期的黄铁矿形成环带结构。Py3中As的含量明显升高,其增加量近似等于S的减少量,说明As主要进入黄铁矿晶格替代了S的位置。各个阶段的黄铁矿和毒砂中Au的分布在EPMA微束的分辨率下均显示是不均匀的,Au在Py1和大部分Py2中主要以纳米级自然金(Au0)的形式存在;而在Py3中主要以(Au+)的形式存在,少部分以纳米级自然金(Au0)形式存在。Py1的结构及元素组成与典型卡林型金矿和造山型金矿沉积成岩期黄铁矿的特点相似,而Py3的大量发育则符合卡林型金矿的特征。     

甘肃省迭部县加勒克金矿地质特征及成因探讨

加勒克金矿呈脉状、不规则囊状或漏斗状产于西秦岭造山带古道岭组灰岩中,矿化受到NWW向和近EW向断裂严格控制,矿石矿物以赤铁矿、自然金和黄铁矿为主,蚀变以硅化、绢云母化和褐（赤）铁矿化为特征。矿石主要为碎裂岩型、硅化碎裂斑岩型、碎裂灰岩型。成矿作用方式主要为热液渗滤交代、构造裂隙等有限空间的充填沉淀作用,构成比较完整的热液交代-充填-沉淀成矿体系经历了原生热液成矿期和表生氧化-次生富集期。成矿环境为近地表,成矿时代为印支晚期,成矿物质来源与印支期陆内造山阶段酸性岩浆活动密切有关,金矿化和岩浆岩可能是统一的受深部构造制约的印支期构造-岩浆-热液活动体系的系列演化产物。     

糜棱岩型金矿床地质特征

当糜棱岩中金元素的含量足以满足工业利用,即在糜棱岩中可圈出独立的金矿体时,这种金矿床便可称为糜棱岩型金矿床.糜棱岩型金矿床是"中国金矿床工业类型"中的重要类型之一.此类金矿床多分布在古老地块周边长期活动的构造带之中.介绍了糜棱岩型金矿床的赋矿岩系、控矿构造、矿床、矿体、矿石以及含金矿物等地质特征.同时,对金成矿地质环境及矿床成因等作了探讨     

四川木里梭罗沟金矿床载金黄铁矿原位微量元素特征

甘孜–理塘缝合带是四川重要的金矿带之一。梭罗沟大型金矿床是该带上的典型矿床,但其矿床成因仍存在争议。为了准确厘定其矿床成因,本文对梭罗沟金矿床中的它形和自形（五角十二面体）的载金黄铁矿进行了LA-ICP-MS原位微量元素分析。结果显示梭罗沟它形黄铁矿元素含量变化较小,较为集中,而自形黄铁矿具有明显的核–幔–边结构,元素含量变化范围较大。总体上,两种黄铁矿中Au与As均具有明显的正相关性,但Au与FeS₂和Co/Ni值具有负相关性。它形黄铁矿和自形黄铁矿的Co/Ni值分别为0.2和57.1,两者都具有较高的Au和较低的Ag含量;这表明它形黄铁矿主体来源于沉积作用,受后期成矿热液改造,而自形黄铁矿属于热液成因。梭罗沟金矿床成矿过程为火山–沉积岩中的Au在变质热液作用下再活化富集的结果,属于典型的造山型金矿床。

     

青海东部查明一大型微细浸染型金矿床

加吾金矿位于青海省东部同德县境内,是武警黄金部队近年来发现的又一处具大型规模的金矿床。该矿床在大地构造位置上处于西秦岭与东昆仑的衔接部位。矿体赋存于中下三叠统中,在平面上呈舒缓波状,在剖面上为脉状、似层状。矿石中金属矿物主要为黄铁矿和毒砂,金主要以微细粒分布于石英裂隙和毒砂、黄铁矿等矿物粒间。区内中下三叠统隆务河群板岩中的金丰度值和有机碳含量高,是有利的赋矿层位。矿体产于北西向和近东西向构造蚀变带内,受区内断裂带控制明显。矿体在空间上与印支期中酸性岩浆岩相伴产出。研究表明,该矿床为受构造蚀变带控制的、与沉积作用和岩浆活动有成因联系的微细浸染型金矿床。截止目前,该矿共计探明金矿脉22条,累计提交金资源量超过20t。该矿的发现和评价对指导青海东部微细浸染型金矿找矿具有重要的示范意义。     

青海东部查明一大型微细浸染型金矿床

加吾金矿位于青海省东部同德县境内,是武警黄金部队近年来发现的又一处具大型规模的金矿床。该矿床在大地构造位置上处于西秦岭与东昆仑的衔接部位。矿体赋存于中下三叠统中,在平面上呈舒缓波状,在剖面上为脉状、似层状。矿石中金属矿物主要为黄铁矿和毒砂,金主要以微细粒分布于石英裂隙和毒砂、黄铁矿等矿物粒间。区内中下三叠统隆务河群板岩中的金丰度值和有机碳含量高,是有利的赋矿层位。矿体产于北西向和近东西向构造蚀变带内,受区内断裂带控制明显。矿体在空间上与印支期中酸性岩浆岩相伴产出。研究表明,该矿床为受构造蚀变带控制的、与沉积作用和岩浆活动有成因联系的微细浸染型金矿床。截止目前,该矿共计探明金矿脉22条,累计提交金资源量超过20t。该矿的发现和评价对指导青海东部微细浸染型金矿找矿具有重要的示范意义。     

甘肃礼县-岷县成矿带西段寨上金矿床中自然金的发现及成因意义

位于西秦岭礼(县)-岷(县)成矿带西段的寨上金矿床是近年发现的一个大型微细浸染型金矿。在研究甘肃寨上金矿床物质组分的过程中,采用显微镜观察、电子探针扫描、化学分析等综合分析技术发现了显微自然金颗粒。矿石中的自然金颗粒形态多样,粒度变化较大(5～150μm)。电子探针分析结果显示,自然金中Au=88.23%～92.73%,Ag=7.41%～9.08%,为含银自然金,成色905～926。金的载体矿物有砷黄铁矿、方铅矿、碲汞矿、铁白云石等。金的嵌布类型有粒间金、裂隙金和连生金3种。赋矿围岩中含Fe碳酸盐矿物溶解释放出Fe和溶解Fe的大量硫化物化,可能是寨上金矿床中存在显微可见自然金的最重要因素。