日冕磁场和重联的射电信号

总结了近期用射电频谱仪（高时间和高频谱分辨）和野边山射电日像仪（高空间分辨）以及国内外其它空间和地面设备分析日冕磁场和重联的系列工作。主要结论可归纳为：1）在Dulk等人（1982）的近似下自恰计算射电爆发源区磁场的平行和垂直分量，并首次得到该磁场在日面的两雏分布。2）为了考虑非热电子低能截止的影响，必须采用更严格的回旋同步辐射理论来计算。结果表明：低能截止和日冕磁场对计算有明显的影响，而其它参数（包括背景温度、密度、高能截止和辐射方向）的影响均可忽略。因此，对低能截止和日冕磁场必须联立求解。3）射电爆发中的精细结构可能反映了射电爆发源比较靠近粒子加速（磁场重联）的区域，利用高时间和高频率分辨的频谱仪和高空间分辨的日像仪联合分析，可以确定精细结构的源区位置，从而确定粒子加速（磁场重联）的准确时间和地点。     

太阳大气磁精细结构的射电探讨

太阳大气磁场的研究对于太阳大气物理及太阳活动研究是十分重要的。目前探测光球以外的日够以球，过渡区磁场的几乎唯一办法，是在紧密联系其他频说段取得的信息基础上使用射电观测。根据在微波，米波段有关辐射机制和传播过程，介绍了推导磁场讯息的基本射电方法。     

Fine Structures of Magnetic Field in Solar Quiet Region

In this paper, we present a time series of Fei 5250.2 Å photospheric filtergrams and corresponding magnetograms in a quiet region. The relationship between fine structures of granulation and magnetic fields is analyzed. It is found that although most bright filigree features in photospheric filtergrams are related to corresponding magnetic features, they are generally not cospatial. It is also found that some bright features and their corresponding photospheric magnetic fields show fast changes within several minutes.     

Plasma Heating by Forced Magnetic Reconnection

A model of forced magnetic reconnection in a force-free magnetic field is considered, which allows calculation of the magnetic energy release during the current sheet reconnection. The dependence of this energy on characteristics of the magnetic configuration has been studied, and it was found that the released energy becomes very large when the field is near the marginal tearing stability. A persistent plasma heating provided by ongoing external driving and internal reconnection is also derived. It shows a typical relaxation-type dependence on the driving frequency, with dissipation becoming most efficient when the time-scales of the driving and reconnection are comparable. Possible implications of the obtained results for the problem of solar coronal heating are discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

实验室模拟磁力线重联的初步结果

在中国科学技术大学的线性磁化等离子体装置上,通过对两个平行电流板施加同向电流,实现重联磁场位型的构造,进而开展实验室等离子体中磁力线重联过程的研究.利用发射探针测量了重联过程中的平行(轴向)电场,实验验证了重联电流与通行粒子的依赖关系.利用磁探针测量了磁场通量的演化,未发现通量堆积现象,与数值预言相符.     

Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection in the Presence of Initial Guide Field

By using the method of 2-dimensional, 3-component full particle simulation, collisionless magnetic reconnection in the presence of various initial guide fields and the Harris current sheet with 1-dimensional initial state are studied. The results show that strong guide fields with B_z0 > 0.5B₀ can evidently alter not only the trajectory of the particles, but also the structure of the electric and velocity fields in the vicinity of the reconnection region, thereby affecting the rate of reconnection and the acceleration of electrons. The generalized Ohm's law is employed to interpret the structural characteristics of the electric fields with various guide fields. Also, via the tracing of the electron beam near he diffusion region, it is revealed that in the 2-D model, for both strong and weak guide fields, the induced electric field perpendicular to the simulation plane at the center of the diffusion region plays the major role in the acceleration of electrons. The contribution of the planar electric field outside the diffusion region is very small.     

Constructing the Coronal Magnetic Field By Correlating Parameterized Magnetic Field Lines With Observed Coronal Plasma Structures

A method is presented for constructing the coronal magnetic field from photospheric magnetograms and observed coronal loops. A set of magnetic field lines generated from magnetogram data is parameterized and then deformed by varying the parameterized values. The coronal flux tubes associated with this field are adjusted until the correlation between the field lines and the observed coronal loops is maximized. A mathematical formulation is described which ensures that (i) the normal component of the photospheric field remains unchanged, (ii) the field is given in the entire corona over an active region, (iii) the field remains divergence-free, and (iv) electric currents are introduced into the field. It is demonstrated that a parameterization of a potential field, comprising a radial stretching of the field, can provide a match for a simple bipolar active region, AR 7999, which crossed the central meridian on 1996 November 26. The result is a non-force-free magnetic field with the Lorentz force being of the order of 10^–5.5 g cm s^–2 resulting from an electric current density of 0.079 A m^–2. Calculations show that the plasma beta becomes larger than unity at a relatively low height of 0.25 r supporting the non-force-free conclusion. The presence of such strong non-radial currents requires large transverse pressure gradients to maintain a magnetostatic atmosphere, required by the relatively persistent nature of the coronal structures observed in AR 7999. This scheme is an important tool in generating a magnetic field solution consistent with the coronal flux tube observations and the observed photospheric magnetic field.     

Magnetic Field Strengths and Structures from Radio Observations of Solar Active Regions

Radio observations of some active regions (ARs) obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph at λ=1.76cm are used for estimating the magnetic field strength in the upper chromosphere, based on thermal bremsstrahlung. The results are compared with the magnetic field strength in the photosphere from observations with the Solar Magnetic Field Telescope (SMFT) at Huairou Solar Observing Station of Beijing Astronomical Observatory. The difference in the magnetic field strength between the two layers seems reasonable. The solar radio maps of active regions obtained with the Nobeyama radioheliograph, both in total intensity (I-map) and in circular polarizations (V-map), are compared with the optical magnetograms obtained with the SMFT. The comparison between the radio map in circular polarization and the longitudinal photospheric magnetogram of a plage region suggest that the radio map in circular polarization is a kind of magnetogram of the upper chromosphere. The comparison of the radio map in total intensity with the photospheric vector magnetogram of an AR shows that the radio map in total intensity gives indications of magnetic loops in the corona, thus we have a method of defining the coronal magnetic structure from the radio I-maps at λ=1.76 cm. Analysing the I-maps, we identified three components: (a) a compact bright source; (b) a narrow elongated structure connecting two main magnetic islands of opposite polarities (observed in both the optical and radio magnetograms); (c) a wide, diffuse, weak component that corresponds to a wide structure in the solar active region which shows in most cases an S or a reversed S contour, which is probably due to the differential rotation of the Sun. The last two components suggest coronal loops on different spatial scales above the neutral line of the longitudinal photospheric magnetic field.     

太阳射电微波爆发及其精细结构研究进展

太阳射电微波爆发携带着爆发源区的物理环境及辐射机制等诸多重要信息。其辐射频段较高，通常来自低日冕磁重联区，尤其是微波爆发的精细结构，持续时间短、变化快、结构复杂，可以反映重联过程复杂的磁场结构、高能粒子运动等许多特征。综述了太阳微波射电爆发分类研究的3个主要阶段，介绍了每一阶段的重要爆发类型、物理机制研究及相应的观测设备，讨论了进一步研究的方向。     

太阳2cm射电爆发精细结构的形态分析

本文介绍了北京师范大学天文系,在2cm波段上观测到的太阳射电精细结构(FS).这些FS都是叠加在微波爆发上的.其中重点对1990年5月23日与AR6063活动区成协的一个47GB型微波大爆发上叠加的FS的形态特征进行了分析.计算了几个有关的参数,并对结果进行了简单的讨论.     

太阳射电快速精细结构的日面分布

对云南天文台“四波段太阳射电高时间分辨率同步观测系统”自１９８９年１２月—１９９４年１月期间观测到的１００个射电爆发和与其共生的２９个快速精细结构在日球和日面的经度分布做了统计,并做了初步的分析和讨论。     

Rapid Reconnection and Compressible Plasma Waves

Magnetic reconnection causes the local non-linear decay of an infinitely thin current sheet, i.e., a tangential discontinuity, into large amplitude magnetohydrodynamic waves. This decay process propagates along the initial current sheet and induces linear wave perturbations in the surroundings. The Greens function for the self-consistent linear compressible plane wave problem is constructed and it is shown how to perform the convolution with some source function in form of a local reconnection pulse in an efficient way.     

射电快速精细结构在太阳耀斑中产生相位的观测分析

利用云南天文台射电四频率(1.42,2.13,2.84和4.26GHz)同步观测系统于1989.12～1994.1和北京天文台射电频谱仪(2.6～3.8GHz)于1996.11～1998.5的观测资料，仅对太阳和射电爆发中40个事件作了一个初步的统计分析，就微波低频段的快速精细结构在耀斑中产生的相位作了一个探索，期望找出太阳射电在此频段内快速活动产生相位的规律性。     

磁场重联和日冕物质抛射

Basic processes of magnetic reconnection and observations of coronal mass ejection are introduced. A possible mechanism of CME caused by magnetic rcconnection in the current sheet of solar corona is suggested.     

太阳强磁区的精细结构形态

作者希望通过对国内外太阳物理学家多年来在太阳磁场精细结构方面的研究成果的回顾，探讨立足现有和将有的仪器设备，可能和应该从事的高分辨太阳磁场的研究工作。为突出重点，侧重评述１０００Ｇ以上的强磁场精细结构特征及与之相关的亮度特征的精细结构。     

Heating the Solar Corona by Magnetic Reconnection

Here I review briefly the theory of magnetohydrodynamic reconnection and ask what observational evidence is there that it is heating the corona. In particular, the new directions in which three-dimensional theory for reconnection is heading are outlined. Part of the coronal heating problem has been solved with the identification of reconnection driven by converging flux motions as the key for x-ray bright points. Furthermore, it has been shown that the large-scale diffuse corona is heated rather uniformly, so that turbulent reconnection by braiding or ion-cyclotron waves driven by network micro-flares are prime candidates. Finally, reconnection is the natural explanation for a wide variety of phenomena discovered by SOHO including explosive events, blinkers, the magnetic carpet and even possibly tornadoes. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

超高分辨率太阳射电事件及其相关太阳活动的研究

从2004年10月起,国家天文台怀柔射电频谱仪增加了新的超高分辨率观测模式:在1.10～1.34 GHz频带其时间分辨率为1.25 ms,频率分辨率为4 MHz。报告了3个超高分辨率下观测到的太阳射电精细结构事件,包括射电尖峰辐射、鱼群结构和重叠的精细结构,在射电精细结构之后8～14 min,在米波段都发现射电II型爆发,3个事件的米波II型爆发(示踪着日冕激波)都有相关联的日冕物质抛射(Coronal Mass Ejection,CME)。     

磁场重联实验室模拟进展

磁场重联是空间等离子体和实验室等离子体中的常见现象,被认为是太阳耀斑和磁层亚暴的重要机制。实验室磁场重联的模拟研究已经有二十余年的历史,并且取得了一系列重要的结果。对几个主要的磁场重联实验装置进行了介绍,给出了各个装置的等离子体参数以及产生重联的方法,回顾了实验室研究中和太阳射电密切相关的几个问题。另外,以中国科技大学的线性磁化等离子体装置为基础,建立了国内首个磁场重联的实验装置,研制了实验中需要的诊断工具,并开展了初步的磁场重联实验。     

Analytic Magnetic Reconnection Solutions in Cylindrical Geometry

In this paper we present a new class of exact reconnection solutions in cylindrical geometry. We point out that in the case of planar reconnection there is a natural cylindrical analog to the Cartesian Dawson function model for the magnetic field. Although the resistive energy release scalings of these solutions mimic the Cartesian models an important new feature is the presence of curvature in the current sheet. We go on to show that these solutions can be generalized to three dimensions.