阴山中段山地土地利用类型转换格局分析

利用1990年TM数据和2000年ETM数据,以农牧交错带的阴山山地中段为研究区,分析1990～2000年土地利用类型的空间分异规律,重点探讨各土地利用类型中耕地、林地和草地的变化过程。研究表明,耕地的转移流向主要集中于草地,而草地的转移流向又集中于耕地,林地消失区主要转变为草地。阴山北麓为草地向耕地转变的集中区域;阴山南部是林地向草地转变最为集中的区域;阴山中部土地利用类型相互转化相对较少。在土地利用的垂向变化上,耕地减少区域集中分布于海拔1500～1600m及1700～1850m;而其他土地利用类型向耕地转变的集中分布区域大致在海拔1700～1900m范围;海拔1600-1800m为草地-耕地相互转移变化最为集中的区域;草地面积主要在海拔1450-1600m范围增加,在1650-1800m范围内减少;林地除在海拔2000～2200m范围内与非林地相互转变大致持平外,在其余地区均发生退化。海拔1800m和海拔2100左右是本农牧交错带山地土地利用类型波动最为集中的两个分布区。     

珠海市镇域耕地多功能性与安全耦合协调度分析

以土地利用数据和社会经济统计数据为基础,集成综合指数模型、耦合协调模型和地理探测器,从镇域尺度探讨了1990-2015年珠海市耕地多功能性与安全耦合协调度的时空变化及其影响因子。结果表明：1）珠海市镇域耕地多功能性与安全耦合协调度的演变在1990-2000年间相对平缓;而在2000-2015年间相对剧烈,总体上全市耦合协调度均值由1990年的0.65降为2015年的0.59。2）珠海市镇域耕地多功能性与安全耦合协调度下降区域主要分布在东部,上升区域主要分布在西部,整体呈西部耦合协调度高于中部和东部的分布格局。3）根据地理探测器的结果可知,土地垦殖率、种植业占GDP比重、各类作物产量、化肥农药施用量等是珠海市镇域耕地多功能性与安全耦合协调度演变的主导影响因子。     

2000—2017年湖南省土地耕作适宜性、气候生产潜力与LUCC过程动态特征

定量分析土地耕作适宜性、气候生产潜力与土地利用/土地覆盖变化(LUCC)的动态特征是科学规划土地利用、有效保护耕地资源的基础。本文基于湖南省气候、土地覆被、地形等数据,采用气候生产潜力估算和趋势分析方法,以300 m×300 m栅格为计算单元,获得湖南省2000—2017年耕地气候生产潜力的变化趋势,并分析湖南省土地耕作适宜性、气候生产潜力与LUCC过程的关系。结果显示:湖南省最适宜耕作的土地主要分布在北部平原、中部和南部盆地、丘陵区,气候生产潜力为19 530~40 375 kg/ha,整体呈现东南部高西北部低。北纬28°以南的中部、中东部丘陵盆地区,是土地耕作适宜性和气候生产潜力组合最好的区域。86.5%的新增人造地表为最适宜耕作的耕地,说明新增人造地表主要以牺牲优良的耕地为代价。气候变化、气候生产潜力变化与LUCC过程密切相关,LUCC过程中流向耕地多为气候生产潜力增加区,而耕地转为林地等土地类型则属于气候生产潜力下降区,指示气候变化在驱动不同类型土地相互转变中的作用。上述结果可望为湖南省土地规划整治及山地资源开发等提供决策参考。     

1990-2010年中国耕地变化对粮食生产潜力的影响

1990年以来,在国家生态环境保护工程实施、经济快速增长等因素的影响下,中国耕地数量与空间格局发生了巨大变化,对粮食生产潜力造成了巨大影响。本文采用GAEZ模型,结合中国气象、地形、土壤等因素,定量分析了中国耕地粮食生产潜力空间特征以及1990-2010年中国耕地变化对粮食生产潜力的影响。主要结论如下：① 2010年全国耕地粮食生产潜力总量为10.55亿t,全国耕地平均粮食生产潜力为7614 kg/hm²。中国耕地粮食生产潜力存在显著的空间差异,总体表现为东部高而西北部较低的趋势,并且高值区主要分布在长江中下游地区和华南区。② 1990-2010年的20年间,中国耕地粮食生产潜力变化表现出明显的时空差异,总体呈现南减北增、总量减少的基本特征。新增耕地粮食生产潜力的重心逐步由东北向西北转移。耕地粮食生产潜力总量净减少297万t,占2010年全国实际粮食总产量的0.29%。③ 在1990-2000年与2000-2010年两个时期,耕地变化对耕地粮食生产潜力影响差异明显。前10年,耕地粮食生产潜力总量净增加1011万t,主要集中在东北平原区和北方干旱半干旱区;后10年,耕地粮食生产潜力总量净减少1308万t,主要集中在长江中下游地区和黄淮海平原区。从总体看,近20年来耕地粮食生产潜力总量增加主要是由林、草地和未利用土地开垦所导致,而耕地粮食生产潜力总量减少主要是由城市扩展和退耕还林还草所导致。     

2007年中国耕地资源安全评价

本文从耕地资源的数量安全、质量安全和生态安全3个方面,选取14个指标评价和分析了2007年中国的耕地资源安全状况。本文的数据主要来源于国土资源部土地利用变更数据、农用地分等定级数据、第二次土壤普查数据和统计数据。研究显示：（1）2007年,中国耕地资源安全评价分值为0．517,资源安全保障程度不高。区域上,耕地资源安全呈现出东部高、西部低的特点,高耕地资源安全省份主要有东部和中部的山东、福建、浙江等10个省份以及西部的新疆和西藏;低资源安全省份则大多分布在西部地区,包括陕西、内蒙古、甘肃、青海、宁夏等省份。②耕地资源数量安全评价分值为0．195,资源安全分布呈现出东北部较高,黄土高原、华北平原和四川盆地较低的特点。生态退耕和建设占用带来的耕地快速减少,以及区域粮食生产定位形成的较高耕地保有量目标是造成以上地区耕地数量安全程度较低的主要原因。③耕地质量安全评价分值为0．151,呈现出东部高、东北部和西部较低的特点。区域耕地自然本底质量（耕地自然质量等别）是造成区域耕地质量安全差别的主要原因。④耕地生态安全的评价分值为0．171,呈现出东北部高、东部低的特点。东部地区耕地资源生态安全偏低的主要原因是化肥、农药、农膜的过量施用及其引起的土壤污染问题;西部地区耕地生态安全程度不高的主要原因是相对严重的耕地水土流失状况。     

基于 FAREAST 模型的青海云杉中-幼龄林生物量 碳沿海拔梯度分布特征

为预测未来青海云杉在不同海拔梯度上的分布范围,基于 FAREAST 模型,对祁连山西部、 中部和东部 3 个站点的青海云衫（Picea crassifolia）中-幼龄林（0～60 a）生物量碳的海拔分布特征进 行模拟。结果表明：（1）在同一站点,青海云杉幼苗幼树生物量碳在中间海拔分布最多,集中在海 拔 2 800～3 100 m 之间,此范围以外,生物量碳随之减少。（2）不同站点比较,青海云杉幼苗幼树平 均生物量碳在祁连山中部最高,达到 27.48 ± 5.51 t·C·hm-2,其次为东部的 24.56 ± 3.50 t·C·hm-2 和 西部的 23.80 ± 2.07 t·C·hm-2。（3）青海云杉幼苗幼树分布的海拔范围约在 2 500～3 400 m 之间,但 不同站点间存在差异。模拟得出,祁连山区青海云杉幼苗幼树生物量碳分布存在最佳海拔区间 2 800～3 100 m,高于或低于该区间时,青海云杉的生长和更新过程将会受到限制。祁连山中部青 海云杉幼苗幼树生物量碳高于东部和西部,表明中部是青海云杉生长和潜在分布的最佳区域,导 致东、西部区域更新较差的原因可能是由于东部受人类活动的影响更加频繁,而西部山区则可能 更易受干旱胁迫的影响。     

黄淮海平原气候变化及其对耕地生产潜力的影响

利用1991年和2000年黄淮海平原气象台站的历史观测资料,分析该地区气温、降水的变化趋势,并利用农业生态地带(AEZ)模型估算黄淮海平原各农业生态区的耕地生产潜力。通过分析气温、降水与耕地生产潜力的关系,评价气候变化对耕地生产潜力的影响。研究发现,黄淮海平原耕地生产潜力与降水量、气温呈显著正相关。对各农业生态区的回归分析表明,如果气温或降水量提高10%,耕地生产潜力将分别提高3.2%与0.3%。该研究对制订应对气候变化、保护耕地与提高耕地生产潜力方面的决策具有参考价值。     

贵州省乌江流域人口分布与地形的关系

研究流域人口分布与地形的关系,有助于了解地理环境对人口分布的影响。以贵州省乌江流域为研究区,基于DEM数据和人口数据,提取海拔、坡度、起伏度等地形因子,研究人口分布与地形因子的关系。研究结论：① 人口数量在海拔800~1400 m的地区超过60%,人口密度在1000~1200 m的地区最高。② 人口数量与人口密度随着坡度上升总体呈下降趋势。③ 人口密度在起伏度小于50 m的地区超过1000人/km ²,人口密度随着起伏度上升总体呈下降趋势。     

城市河岸带土地利用和景观格局变化的生态环境效应研究——以北京市典型再生水补水河流河岸带为例

以北京市典型再生水利用河流(清河、北小河、坝河和通惠河)及其流域为主要研究对象,利用1989年、2000年和2008年3期Landsat TM数据,借助于土地利用类型特征参数、景观聚集度、景观斑块密度等指标,在流域和河岸带尺度上,分析1989～2008年研究区土地利用变化的多尺度时空分异特征及其变化轨迹.基于流域尺度的分析结果表明,土地利用类型面积的变化主要为城乡建设用地增加和林地减少;与1989～2000年间相比,2000～2008年的研究区土地利用变化率相对减小.基于河岸带尺度的分析结果表明,1989～2008年期间,因城市化发展导致沟渠、库塘等水域面积减小;耕地主要分布在100～500m河岸缓冲带范围内;城乡建设用地主要集中分布在500～800m河岸缓冲带范围内,城乡建设用地由1989～2000年间的分散扩张转变为2000～2008年间的有序优化整合,扩张范围趋向远离河道的河岸缓冲带区域;2000～2008年间,新增林地密集分布在100～200m和700～800m河岸缓冲带区域.内河流域生态廊道功能主要体现在沿河道200m的河岸缓冲带范围内,以再生水为补充水源的高度人工化的城市内河流域生态廊道效应在增强.     

景观变化的生态风险评价与预测——以河南省洛阳市为例

基于2000年、2010年、2020年遥感数据,对洛阳市景观格局和景观生态风险的时空分布与动态特征进行评价、分析与预测。结果表明：(1)2000—2020年洛阳市以林地耕地为优势景观,建设用地、林地和耕地的转移幅度较大;整体景观格局特征变化稳定,其中南部和北部的耕地与建设用地破碎度和复杂程度升高,中部林地的聚集度和优势度升高。(2)洛阳市景观生态风险水平整体较高,风险等级分布较为稳定,2000—2020年风险变化呈先增后减趋势,当前恶化区主要分布在南部的水源、水库以及自然保护地周边,预测2030年风险恶化区将主要分布在黄河流域以及洛河、伊河流域两侧的耕地地区。(3)研究区景观生态风险空间分布存在显著正自相关性且聚集性不断减弱;自然条件为2020年风险空间分异的主要驱动因素,其中海拔、气温、坡度因子解释力较高。(4)南部林地为风险滞后区,风险降低缓慢;中部耕地为稳定高风险区;北部建成区和黄河下游区域为风险频变区。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geography and the Third World. International Seminar, 14–18 May 1980, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia . Ishmail Ahmad and Jamaluddin Md Jahi, eds. The Growth Dilemma: Residents' Views and Local Population Change in the United States . Mark Baldassare. Sport and Place: A Geography of Sport in England, Scotland & Wales . John Bale. The Deindustrialization of America: Plant Closings, Community Abandonment, and the Dismantling of Basic Industry . Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison. Selected Essays 1963–1975: Carl O. Sauer . Bob Callahen, ed. Housing and Planning in the Countryside . G. Clark. Conflict, Politics and the Urban Scene . Kevin R. Cox and R. J. Johnston, eds. Thematic Maps: Their Design and Production . David J. Cuff and Mark T. Mattson. Wine: A Geographic Appreciation . Harm Jan de Blij. USSR in Maps . J. C. Dewdney. Political Geography: A Contemporary Perspective . Ramesh D. Dikshit. Rethinking Human Adaptation . Rada Dyson-Hudson and Michael A. Little, eds. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the indiana Dunes . J. Ronald Engel. Geography of the Biosphere . A. Furley and Walter W. Newey. Disaster and Reconstruction . Robert Geipel. Glasgow: The Making of a City . Andrew Gibb. Design for Arid Regions . Giden S. Golany, ed. Urbanization and Cancer Mortality: The United States Experience, 1950–1975 . Michael R. Greenberg. Geology in the Nineteenth Century: Changing Views of a Changing World . Mott T. Greene. Colonización y Destrucción de Bosques en Panamá . Stanley Heckadon Moreno and Alberto McKay, eds. Urban Geography: A First Approach . David T. Herbert and Colin J. Thomas. The Visual and Spatial Structure of Landscapes . Tadahiko Higuchi. Climate from Tree Rings . M. K. Hughes, P. M. Kelly, J. R. Pilcher, and V. C. LaMarche, Jr., eds. The structure of Nineteenth Century Cities . James H. Johnson and Colin G. Pooley, eds. The American Planner: Biographies and Recollections . Donald A. Krueckeberg, ed. Urban Land Policy For the 1980s, the Message for State and Local Government . George Lefcoe, ed. Regional Planning: Evolution, Crisis and Prospects . Gill C. Lim, ed. Relevance and Ethics In Geography . Bruce Mitchell and Dianne Draper. China: The Geography of Development and Modernization . Clifton W. Pannell and Laurence J. C. MA. The Urban Retailing System . Robert B. Potter. Hants. Nonconventional Energy Resources . Philip R. Pryde. Caribbean Migrants: Environment and Human Survival on St. Kitts and Nevis . Bonham C. Richardson. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson. East Los Angeles: History of A Barrio . Ricardo Romo. Integrated Impact Assessment . Frederick A. Rossini and Alan L. Porter, eds. Environmental Aesthetics: Essays in Interpretation . Barry Sadler and Allen Carlson, eds. Earthwatch . Charles Sheffield. Field Techniques and Research Methods in Geography . Robert H. Stoddard. Haiti: Land of Poverty . Robert J. Tata. Weathering and Erosion: Sources and Methods in Geography . Stephen T. Trudgill. Once Beneath the Forest. Prehistoric Terracing in the Río Bec Region of the Maya Lowlands . B. L. Turner, II. The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707 . David Turnock.     

PRODUCTIVITY OF AMERICAN PH.D.-GRANTING DEPARTMENTS OF GEOGRAPHY

Reviews of geographic software in this article:

DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS.

ESP

GAUSS.

CEMODEL S. Damus

LIMDEP. William H. Greene

MICROSTAT 4.1

OTIS

PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System). H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS)

SPSS/PC+

URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco . Janet Abu -Lughod . Marketplaces in a Developing Country: The Case of Western Nigeria . Isaac Ayinde Adalemo . Farming Development and Space: A World Agricultural Geography . Bernd Andreae . Section and Party: A Political Geography of American Presidential Elections, from Andrew Jackson to Ronald Reagan . J. Clark Archer and Peter J. Taylor . Women and Space: Ground Rules and Social Maps . Shirley Ardener , ed. European Progress in Spatial Analysis . R. J. Bennett , ed. The Origins of Academic Geography in the United States . Brian W. Blouet Geographic Perspectives on Global Problems . Ronald Reed Boyce . Seasonal Dimensions to Rural Poverty . Robert Chambers , Richard Longhurst and Arnold Pacey eds. The New Nationalism and the Use of Common Spaces: Issues in Marine Pollution and the Exploitation of Antarctica . Jonathan I. Charney , ed. Communications Tomorrow: The Coming of the Information Society . Edward Cornish , ed. The Design of Suburbia . Arthur Edwards . Explorer on the Northern Plains: Lieutenant Gouverneur K. Warren's Preliminary Report of Explorations in Nebraska and Dakota in the Years 1855–56–57. With an Introduction by Frank N. Schubert . The Changing Climate: Responses of the Natural Flora and Fauna . Michael J. Ford . Essentials of Physical Geography . Robert E. Gabler , Robert J. Sager , Sheila Brazier , and Daniel L. Wise. The Road to Jaramillo . William Glen . Valued Environments . John R. Gold and Jacquelin Burgess , eds. Proximity and Preference: Problems in the Multidimensional Analysis of Large Data Sets . Reginald G. Golledge and John N. Rayner , eds. A Search for Common Ground . Peter Gould and Gunnar Olsson , eds. Geography: Its History and Concepts . Arild Holt -Jensen . A Population Geography . Huw R. Jones . The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography, 3rd ed. Terry G. Jordan and Lester Rowntree . Urban Social Geography: An Introduction . Paul Knox . The Anatomy of Job Loss: The How, Why and Where of Employment Decline . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan . The Information Society as Post-Industial Society . Yoneji Masuda . Map Librarianship, 2nd ed. Harold Nichols . India: Cultural Patterns and Processes . Allen G. Noble and Ashok K. Dutt , eds. The God that Limps: Science and Technology in the Eighties . Colin Norman . Geography: An Introductory Perspective . Robert E. Norris , Keith D. Harries and John D. Vitek . The Politics of Technology Assessment . David M. O'Brien and Donald A. Marchand . Ethnic Segregation in Cities . Ceri Peach , Vaughan Robinson and Susan Smith , eds. Churches and Church Membership in the United States, 1980 . Bernard Quinn , Herman Anderson , Martin Bradley , Paul Goetting and Peggy Shriver . Energy in Australia: Politics and Economics . Hugh Saddler . Development from Above or Below? The Dialectics of Regional Planning in Developing Countries . Walter B. Stóuhr and D. R. Fraser Taylor , eds. Human Impact on the Ecosystem . Joy Tivy and Greg O'Hare . Plants and People: Vegetation Change in North America . Thomas R. Vale . The Mapmakers: The Story of the Great Pioneers in Cartography from Antiquity to the Space Age . John Noble Wilford .     

Deserts and Aeolian Desertification in China: Book review and some thoughts

Desertification is a global phenomenon that affects about two billion people. It occurs in arid zones where the annual precipitation is below 400 mm, partic- ularly in the marginal areas of the world＇s largest deserts. It is a result of water and wind erosion, over- grazing, global warm-ing, improper soil cultivation, and increased pressure ot population growth, and it causes degradation of soil and natural and agricultural vegetation. The direct result is less food for people and livestock, which influences pop- ulation and animal husbandry fluctuations. Despite ef- forts to combat and reduce desertification, the affected areas are annually increasing.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: The Rice Economy of Asia . Randolph Barker and Robert W. Herdt with Beth Rose. Using Microcomputers: A Guidebook for Writers, Teachers, and Researchers in the Social Sciences . Blaine A. Erie—the Lake that Survived . Noel M. Burns. Geology and Society . Donald R. Coates. Caves and Karst of Kentucky . Percy H. Dougherty, ed. Altered Harvest: Agriculture, Genetics, and the Fate of the World's Food Supply . Jack Doyle. The Middle East and North Africa, A Political Geography . Alasdair Drysdale and Gerald H. Blake. Clamor at the Gates. The New American Immigration . Nathan Glazer, ed. Development and the Landowner: An analysis of the British experience . Robin Goodchild and Richard Munton. Discovering Landscape in England and Wales . Andrew Goudie and Rita Gardner. The Modern Plantation in the Third World . Edgar Graham and Ingrid Floering. Social Relations and Spatial Structures . Derek Gregory and John Urry, eds. The World Food Problem 1950–1980 . David Grigg. Costa Rica: A Geographical Interpretation in Historical Perspective . Carolyn Hall. The Urbanization of Capital: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey Consciousness and the Urban Experience: Studies in the History and Theory of Capitalist Urbanization . David Harvey. Reviving Main Street . Deryck Holdsworth, ed. Rural Roads and Poverty Alleviation . John Howe and Peter Richards, eds. Uneven Development in Southern Europe: Studies of Accumulation, Class, Migration and the State . Ray Hudson and Jim Lewis, eds. Karst Geomorphology . J. N. Jennings. The Geomorphology of North-west England . R. H. Johnson, ed. Climate Impact Assessment: Studies of the Interaction of Climate and Society . Robert Kates, Jesse Ausubel, Mimi Berberian, eds. Public Service Provision and Urban Development . Andrew Kirby, Paul Knox, and Steven Pinch, ed. State and Market: The Politics of the Public and the Private . Jan-Erik Lane, ed. Living Cities . Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. World Climatic Systems . John G. Lockwood. Urban Ethnicity in the United States. New Immigrants and Old Minorities . Lionel Maldonaldo and Joan Moore, eds. Culture and Conservation: The Human Dimension in Environmental Planning . Jeffrey A. McNeely and David Pitt, eds. The Andean Past. Land, Societies, and Conflicts . Magnus Mörner. Gaia: An Atlas of Planet Management . Norman Myers, ed. Progress in Industrial Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Political Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Rivers and Landscape . Geoff Petts and Ian Foster. Urbanization and Planning in the 3rd World: Spatial Perceptions and Public Participation . Robert B. Potter. One Island, Two Nations? A Political Geographical Analysis of the National Conflict in Ireland . D. G. Pringle. Circulation in Third World Countries . R. Mansell Prothero and Murray Chapman. The Ozarks Outdoors: A Guide for Fishermen, Hunters, and Tourists . Milton D. Rafferty. Suburban Burglary: A Time and a Place for Everything . George Rengert and John Wasilchick. Geomorphology and Soils . K.S. Richards, R.R. Arnett, and S. Ellis, eds. The Homes and Homeless of Post-War Britain . Frederick Shaw. Indochinese Refugees in America . Paul J. Strand and Woodrow Jones, Jr. Wild Horses and Sacred Cows . Richard Symanski. Forever Wild: Environmental Aesthetics and the Adirondack Forest Preserve . Philip G. Terrie. The Regional Economic Impact of Technological Change . A.T. Thwaites and R.P. Oakey, eds. The Good Life . Yi-Fu Tuan.     

REVIEWS OF GEOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE

Reviews of geographic software in this article: DEMO-GRAPHICS: WORLD POPULATIONS AND PROJECTIONS. ESP GAUSS. CEMODEL S. Damus LIMDEP. William H. Greene MICROSTAT 4.1 OTIS PCIPS. (Personal Computer Image Processing System) . H.J. Meyers and R. Bernstein. REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF TIME SERIES (RATS) SPSS/PC+ URBAN DATA MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE (UDMS)     

Guidelines to Authors

1. Aims and scope
Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions （SCAR） is a bimonthly journal that publishes in English the latest research achievements in processes and the pattems of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions. Researches in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,