用数字台网的面波资料研究中国大陆的地壳上地幔结构

本文采用适配滤波频时分析技术对中国数字地震台网记录的长周期面波资料进行处理,获得了路经中国大陆的23条波路径的基阶瑞雷面波群速度频散曲线,频散曲线的周期从10.5秒至150秒。使用HARKRIDER面波反演程序反演了各条波路径的平均地壳上地幔结构。所得模型直至230km。深处仍有较好的分辨。根据所得结果将中国大陆划分为四个构造单元。各构造单元之间差异明显且在某些单元内部横向变化也很显著。     

中国大陆及其邻域地壳上地幔速度结构的面波层析成像研究.

利用中国数字化地震台网（CDSN）11个台站和IRIS在中国周边的12个数字地震台站的长周期瑞利面波资料，根据面波群速度层析成像方法反演得到的10～92ｓ周期范围内的25个中心周期的群速度分布资料，用光滑约束的遗传算法反演得到了中国大陆及其邻域的地壳上地幔横波三维速度结构；给出了沿北纬30、38两条东西向剖面和沿东径90、120两条南北向剖面的地壳上地幔横波速度结构，并在４个不同深度的水平切片上展示了中国大陆及邻域的横波速度分布图象．      

中国大陆地壳和上地幔三维温度场

根据Goes等发展的方法, 利用层析成像提供的S 波波速计算得到了中国大陆上地幔三维温度场, 所得到的上地幔温度场的1300℃绝热等温温度深度与地震学低速带顶部的深度大体吻合. 用计算的上地幔80 km深度温度和地表温度作为边界约束条件, 利用稳态热传导模型计算得到了中国大陆80 km深度以上(地壳和上地幔)部分的三维温度场. 在大多数有丰富可靠地表热流测量的地区, 这样计算的地表热流与实际观测地表热流的偏差在地表热流观测误差范围之内. 中国大陆地壳的温度在25 km深度呈现明显的东高西低分布. 东部温度约在500~600℃度之间; 西部温度小于500℃, 塔里木克拉通的温度最低、达460℃. 100 km 深度的上地幔温度也呈东高西低分布. 东部和东南部温度普遍高于1300℃绝热等温温度; 西部主体温度低于1300℃绝热等温温度. 塔里木克拉通和四川盆地表现出了明显的低温. 在150 km深度, 华南、扬子克拉通东部和整个华北克拉通高于1300℃绝热等温温度, 羌塘附近地区的温度也达到了1300℃绝热等温温度. 四川盆地附近表现出低温状态, 但塔里木克拉通中心的温度比周围高. 印度次大陆与中国大陆碰撞带附近的温度最低. 200 km 深度的温度分布明显与印度次大陆俯冲相关. 该俯冲带影响强烈地区呈现较冷状态, 其温度低于1300℃的绝热等温温度.     

宽频带数字地震波形反演与中国大陆地壳上地幔速度结构的研究

本文对利用体波波形资料研究地壳上地幔速度结构的理论与方法进行了系统的研究 ,通过引入非线性反演中的遗传算法 ,发展了一种灵活有效的体波波形反演方法。利用中国的CDSN台网和中美合作在青藏高原架设的PASSCAL临时地震台站记录的宽频带体波波形资料 ,对中国大陆地区地壳上地幔速度结构进行了研究。在青藏高原地区 ,通过对高原中部地区瑞利波衰减特性及相速度频散特性的测定 ,反演了该地区地壳上地幔的 Qβ结构和 S波速度结构 ,并对 S波速度的横向不均匀特征进行了探讨。本文对上地幔速度结构的主要研究方向进行了系统的总结 ,这些…     

用面波方法研究中国大陆中东部及海域壳幔速度结构

利用时频分析方法（FTAN）测量基阶Rayleigh面波群速度频散资料,在纯路径频散反演时,将方位各向异性计算在内,反演获得中国大陆中东部及海域地区（20°-45°N,110°-130°E）8-200 s共28个周期的Rayleigh面波群速度空间分布图像.研究表明,研究区域Rayleigh面波群速度分布与已有地质构造特征具有较好的相关性.     

根据地震面波衰减讨论大陆地壳与上地幔的滞弹性结构和演化

上地壳和上地幔剪切波固有品质因子Ｑμ的区域性变化是显著的。在古老而稳固的克拉通中的值比构造活动区中的值在两个深度范围都大一个或一个以上的量级。Ｑμ依赖于频率,至少在１Ｈｚ附近是如此,而这种频率相关在上地壳也有区域性变化。它在构造活动区较低而在稳定区较高。由于Ｑμ在各地区有大的变化,对上地壳的Ｑμ和由Ｌｇ尾波（ＱＬｇ＾ｃ）估计得到的Ｑ绘制区域性变化图是容易做到的,尽管这两种方法都可能有很大的不确定性     

中国大陆中上地壳剪切波速结构

为使已获得的中国大陆中上地壳结构更为可靠,本文搜集了很多对浅部结构分辨率较好的短周期面波资料. 与传统面波层析成像反演方法不同,本文在第二步由面波频散得到剪切波速的过程中不再对每个结点进行一维波速模型分别反演,而是直接将所有结点上的区域化频散转换成三维波速结构的线性化约束,实现了直接的三维反演. 检测板测试结果显示该方法可以得到理想的反演结果. 本文得到的波速模型显示,中国大陆中上地壳的速度分布存在明显的横向变化和分区特征. 较低的波速异常很好地勾勒出我国主要的沉积盆地,波速异常在不同深度上的变化在一定程度上反映了各盆地结晶基底的深度. 以东经95deg;为界,特提斯构造域西部具有明显的低速异常,而东部基本没有低速异常. 基于油气资源多存在于沉积层中,而沉积层表现低速异常,我们推测特提斯构造域西部油气前景比东部好. 另外, 由于特提斯构造域西部低速非常明显,这可能也说明了其地壳温度较高. 兴安造山带的低速异常可能也说明了其地壳温度较高. 20 km深度上鄂尔多斯盆地西侧的弱低速带, 很好地勾勒出中国大陆近似沿105deg;经线的强震带的走势.      

利用基阶面波反演地壳上地幔的Qβ结构

根据中国数字化台网（ＣＤＳＮ）记录到的长周期Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ面波资料,使用频变滤波技术从记录中提取基阶振型面波信号;根据与震源处于同一大圆弧上的两台记录的基附振型信号计算出台间格林函数,测定了经过中朝准地台地区周期１０－９８ｓ的基阶Ｒａｙｌｅｉｇｈ波衰减系数,在此基础上反演得到中朝准地台的地壳上地幔Ｑβ结构。所得结果表明：华北地区地壳的Ｑβ为２５０,而黄海地区地壳Ｑβ〉４５０,中朝准地台的地幔Ｑβ     

利用地震转换波探测地壳、上地幔构造试验

当远震P波通过地壳、上地幔速度界面时,除了产生PP型折射波,还产生一系列PS型折射转换波.这类PS转换波与初至P波之间的到时差,可用来测定地壳和上地幔构造. 转换波测深法首次在我国鲁西夏津—高唐地区和京西昌平地区进行了试验应用.为提高转换波震相识别的可靠性,在资料分析中采用了偏振滤波的方法.工作结果获得了上述两地区的深部构造剖面图.转换波法与爆炸地震法所得结果之对比表明,两者的主要界面基本一致.     

Region-related features of crustal and upper-mantle velocity structure of the Chinese mainland detected by surface waveform modeling

Surface waveform modeling has played an important role on many continental-scale studies of upper mantle ve-locity structure, but it was seldom applied to the Chinese mainland study. The present study firstly analyzed sur-face waveform fittings for eight wave paths crossing through four different regions of the Chinese mainland (east-ern, central, northern and western China), and then inverted for 1D path-averaged S-velocities for these paths. The inverted crustal and upper-mantle S-velocities showed obvious region-related features, which are well consistent with known geotectonic units and previous research results. These results indicate that surface waveform modeling is a reliable method to get crustal and upper-mantle velocity structure. Furthermore, this method has a prominent advantage in detecting upper-mantle structure compared with fundamental-mode surface-wave dispersion method.     

Current crustal movement in Chinese mainland

The quantification of tectonic deformation in the Eastern and Central Asia is of great significance for the study on global plate motion and lithospheric dynamics. In the past four years, the velocity field of horizontal crustal movement for the Chinese mainland has been established for the first time thanks to the intensified GPS measure-ments and its improved accuracy. The velocity field derived from GPS measurements delineates the patterns of tectonic deformation in the Chinese mainland in the unprecedented detail, and thus reveals the new features of the ongoing tectonic process resulted from the collision of Indian plate to Eurasian plate. Meanwhile, the surface offset induced by two strong earthquakes occurred in Chinese mainland was sampled precisely using InSAR technique.     

Recent crustal horizontal movement in the Chinese mainland

IntroductionSupportedbytheNationaIClimbingProject"RecentCrustalMovementandGeodynamicResearch",acrustalmovementmonitoringnetworkdistributedinChinesemainlandhasbeenmeasuredfortWotimesinl994andl996.Thenetconsistsof22stationsthatarelocatedonsev-eralmajortectonicblocksinChinesemainland.ExceptNanchongstationwhichwasdestroyedatsometimebetWeenl994and1996andre-settledinl996,alltheother2lstationswereoccupiedfortwotimes.BasedontheresuItSobtainedfromcarefulpre-processingofGPSobservations,therecent…     

Receiver functions of CCDSN and crustal structure of Chinese mainland

The teleseismic receiver functions of 48 stations belonging to the CCDSN are used to invert the crustal structure beneath each station with the neighborhood algorithm. Thin layers with low velocity have been found beneath eight stations with "abnormal" observed receiver functions. Unreasonable results of few stations have been adjusted lightly with the trial-and-error method. The final result indicates that the crust in the western China is relatively thicker than the eastern China. The crust thickness beneath the Tibetan plateau is very large, which reaches 84 km at the station LSA. Double-crust structure exists below the stations LSA and CAD in Tibet, which might imply the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates. A pronounced low velocity zone in the lower crust beneath the station TNC of Yunnan province might relate to the high temperature or emergence of partially molten material caused by Quaternary volcano, magma and geothermal activities in this area. The Moho is a transitional zone made up of thin layers instead of simple sharp discontinuity beneath several stations. The Conrad discontinuity is clearly identified beneath 20 stations mainly in the southeastern China, whereas it is blurry beneath 14 stations and uncertain beneath remaining stations.     

Estimation of crustal structure in central and west Japan from waveform modeling of regionalPL waves

An inverse method of modeling the regionalPL waveform with the predominant period of about 20 s was developed to estimate the averageS-velocity structure of the upper crust. Applicability of the waveform modeling was confirmed by the results of the numerical experiments: thePL waveform is most sensitive to theS velocity in the upper crust, whereas it is not affected significantly by errors involved in the focal mechanism solution and focal depth determination when thePL wave is well developed. The method was applied to the observed seismograms recorded in central Japan from the earthquakes with epicentral distances 300–500 km. As a result, distinct regional differences were found in the upper crustalS velocity; in particular, between the southern Shikoku district, west Japan, and the southern Chubu district, central Japan, and between the mountainous and the coastal areas in the southern Chubu district. These differences are in agreement with the general features ofP-velocity structures obtained by explosion experiments and by analyses of natural earthquakes. Our method is effective to the extent that the crustal structure along the propagation path can be assumed a horizontally layered structure; it is not applicable when the sensitivity of thePL waveform to the error in the focal mechanism solution is exceptionally high.     

浅壳与上地幔地震竖向加速度谱阻尼修正系数模型

本文基于日本KiK-Net,K-Net台网及汶川地震中6 000余条浅壳与上地幔地震竖向加速度记录,分场地类型建立了包含阻尼比和谱周期两个参数的阻尼修正系数模型,用以调整无震级和震源距信息的设计谱。基于固定效应模型对阻尼修正系数对数值及阻尼比对数值的三次多项式进行线性回归得到模型表达式,基于随机效应模型对阻尼修正系数模型的残差及残差的标准差进行分离,分析震源、路径以及场地效应对模型误差的影响。研究结果表明:高阻尼长周期震源效应引起的残差大于其他效应引起的残差;场地效应引起的残差小于其他效应引起的残差。对模型残差的标准差及阻尼比对数值进行线性回归,回归方程易于计算模型残差的标准差。     

The structure features of stick-slip mechanism of the strike-slip earthquake generating structure in the interior of the Chinese mainland

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中国大陆现今地应力场黏弹性球壳数值模拟综合研究

中国大陆现今实测地应力场的状态与板块构造环境、活动断裂带分布、地形地貌以及地壳结构呈现一定相关性. 在中国大陆西缘,印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆发生陆碰撞,在中国大陆东缘,菲律宾海板块、太平洋板块俯冲到欧亚板块之下. 中国大陆内部被大型活动断裂带分割为多个块体,各个块体的地壳结构和厚度呈不均匀分布,地形地貌起伏具有很大的差异. 笔者以中国大陆块体模型为基础,把板块构造作用和重力势作为主要影响地应力状态的两个主要要素,在现今活动构造、GPS和实测地应力等成果的约束下,利用线性黏弹体球壳有限元模拟分析了中国大陆现今地应力场的分布特征和控制因素. 结果表明: (1)构造应力场总体上呈现出西部挤压,东部拉张的特征,印度板块与欧亚板块的持续碰撞形成了青藏高原及其周缘的挤压性质的构造应力场,而东部菲律宾板块与太平洋板块的俯冲形成了黄海、东海和环渤海区域的拉张性质的构造应力场,中间为拉张环境和挤压环境的过渡,最大主应力的方向受到板块构造环境和活动构造分布的控制;(2)重力的影响主要体现在地形梯度大和地壳厚度结构变化大的地壳浅部区域,在藏南、滇西北局部地区的地壳浅部由于受到重力势控制,呈现为张性应力场,在塔里木地区由于重力势引起的应力场与构造应力场同为挤压性质,因此该区的挤压强度得以增加;(3)中国大陆浅部地应力场的状态主要受到区域板块构造环境、块体边界活动构造带的展布和地形的控制,总体上以南北构造带为界,西部以较强的压性构造环境为主,东部为较弱的压性构造环境,藏南和滇西北局部地区存在有张性构造环境;构造应力对地应力的贡献比重随着深度增加而增加;(4)采用黏弹性模型的构造应力场模拟结果比完全弹性模型的模拟结果能够更好地与实测地应力场相吻合,利用完全弹性模型分析由地震等诱发的地应力瞬时变化是有效的;(5)青藏高原东南缘最大主应力方向发生了较大的偏转,其主要控制因素有:印度板块持续的碰撞、中下地壳对上地壳拖曳以及印度板块通过实皆断裂对欧亚板块的剪切拉伸作用. 中国大陆现今地应力场是整个地壳岩石黏弹特性长期演化和断裂活动的结果,是地应力场动态演化过程中在现今时间点上的状态,受到板块构造环境、大陆内部活动断裂分布、地形地貌和地壳结构等因素不同程度的控制,模拟结果为中国大陆地应力场提供了一个定量的参考模型.     

Three dimensional shear wave velocity structure of crust and upper mantle in South China Sea and its adjacent regions by surface waveform inversion

IntroductionHistorically, surface waves provided much of our understanding of the lateral heterogeneity in the crust and the upper mantle, especially in oceans or desert areas. Traditional method utilizes the great circle theorem for surface waves. It assumed that surface wave propagates along the great circle connecting epicenter with station. Firstly, traditional surface wave analysis was carried out by using multi-frequency-filter dispersion analysis to acquire the group or phase velocity d…