贵州三叠纪遗迹化石及古地理意义

贵州三叠纪遗迹化石丰富,有台地相的遗迹化石组合:Thalassnoides、Gyrolithes、Cerato-morph、Chondrites、Rlazocorallium.Rhabdoichnum等;台缘浅滩相的遗迹化石组合:Cylindricum gregarium、Skolithos、Thalassnoides等;斜坡相遗迹化石组合:Protopalaeodictyon、Chondrites、Huaxichnus、phycosiphon、Oldhami-a、Cochiliclaus、Cosmorhaphe、Pinnatpedus、Thalassnoides、Psilonichnus、Arenicolites、Lophoctonlum、Paleophycus等;其中Arenicolites、Thalassnoides、Psilonichnus、Chondrites遗迹化石含量较多,则为上斜坡,如很少含上述四种遗迹化石,而以Lophoctonlum、Protopaleodictyon、Cosmorhaphe、Cochilichnus、Phycosiphon为主,则为下斜坡;盆地相遗迹化石组合:Protopaleodictyon、Helminthopsis、Paleomeandron等。 贵州三叠纪遗迹化石组合与各岩相带分布一致,主要受含氧丰度、水深、水动力条件等诸多因素的控制。由遗迹化石组合分布证明贵州三叠纪岩相古地理格局从黔西北至黔南沉积相带展布为台地相—台缘浅滩相—斜坡相—盆地相。同时建立了贵州三叠纪遗迹相—遗迹化石组合模式。     

松辽盆地上白垩统陆相遗迹化石及其沉积环境

松辽盆地上白垩统中含有丰富的遗迹化石,通过对该盆地20余口取心井岩心的详细观察,发现了6大类动物遗迹化石15属20种。根据这些遗迹化石的分布规律,在松辽盆地上白垩统中划分出5种遗迹化石组合：（1）Scoyenia遗迹组合,主要成分有Scoyenia gracilis、Skolithos和Planolites,偶见停息迹化石,反映的是遭受周期性暴露的极浅水环境;（2）Skolithos遗迹组合,主要以Skolithos和Cylindricum十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,反映的是高能动水环境。（3）Arenicolites遗迹组合,主要以Arenicolites和Polykladichnus大量发育为特征,还见有Skolithos、Planolites、Thalassinoides和逃逸迹等化石,分异度较高,反映了水流能量较低的浅水环境;（4）Planolites遗迹组合,以密集分布的Planolites十分发育为特征,分异度小,丰度高,见有少量指示缺氧环境的Chondrites化石,反映了水体较平静的还原环境;（5）Fuersichnus遗迹组合,主要由Fuersichnus、Glockeria、Gordia、Megagrapton和Planolites等遗迹分子构成,反映了相对平静的深水环境。     

四川峨眉山龙门洞剖面下三叠统嘉陵江组一段遗迹组构及其沉积学意义

 在四川峨眉山龙门洞剖面下三叠统嘉陵江组一段 （ 嘉一段）河口湾沉积中,共鉴定出动物遗迹化 石 9个属种,包括Arenicolites isp.,Diplocraterion isp.,Skolithos isp.,Psilonichnus upsilon, Palaeophycus tubularis,Cochlichnus anguineus, Helminthopsis isp.,Protovirgularia obliterata和逃逸迹。根据遗迹化石的形态特征和梯阶分布 识别出 2个遗迹组构：Arenicolites遗迹组构和Palaeophycus tubularis 遗迹组构,分别代表潮间砂、泥坪沉积环境。 这 2个组构都是软底控制的遗迹化石。     

豫西济源地区早三叠世和尚沟组湖相遗迹化石及遗迹组构

豫西济源地区早三叠世和尚沟组滨浅湖沉积中动物遗迹化石共鉴定出9个遗迹属10个遗迹种。包括Arenicolites isp., Beaconites coronus, Cylindricum isp., Palaeophycus heberti, Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites isp., Psilonichnus isp., Scoyenia gracilis, Skolithos linearis和Taenidium barretti等。根据遗迹化石分布特征及沉积环境分析,可识别出三种遗迹组构1）Scoyenia遗迹组构,反映了干旱气候条件下的滨湖沉积环境;2）Planolites—Taenidium遗迹组构,属于湖泊水体逐渐变浅的浅湖沉积环境;3）Psilonichnus遗迹组构,代表了水动力由弱到强的湖泊三角洲沉积环境。     

四川安岳恐龙化石埋藏地遂宁组、蓬莱镇组中遗迹化石及其环境意义

在四川安岳恐龙化石埋藏地上侏罗统遂宁组、蓬莱镇组地层中,发现了Scoyenia,Palaeophycus,Akolithos,Muensteria,Planolite,Cylindricum,Thalassinoides,Arenicolites等8个遗迹属,共10个遗迹种,归属为Scoyenia遗迹群落。遗迹群落与沉积构造特征表明遂宁组、蓬莱镇组沉积环境为泛滥平原,其中恐龙化石埋藏于泛滥平原上洪泛湖泊的滨湖砂岩之中。恐龙集中埋藏的原因可能是其死亡后被搬运于滨湖环境。     

贵州剑河寒武纪凯里组遗迹群落中的节肢动物遗迹

贵州剑河凯里组中产有丰富的遗迹化石,本文描述了其中的节肢动物遗迹9个属23个种（其中1个新属,9个新种）和3种类型的趾迹。发现并讨论了节肢动物（三叶虫）的捕食迹和求偶迹及其形成过程;研究了节肢动物生活行为所产生行迹之间的变化,认为节肢动物各行迹之间的过渡类型的变化具有停息→爬行→行走→游泳和游泳→行走→爬行→停息两向性变化的特点,并认为在运动弯道上形成的过渡行迹可能与造迹生物在转弯处的运动惯性或与水动力造成造迹生物身体的倾斜有关。含丰富节肢动物遗迹的凯里生物群的沉积环境为正常浪基面和风暴浪基面之间的浅海软质基底低能环境。     

中国遗迹学研究十年进展

近十年来,中国遗迹学的研究取得许多新进展和新认识,重要成果概述如下:(1)在显生宙海相和过渡相沉积中新识别出84个遗迹属和211个遗迹种,新建28种遗迹组合及26种遗迹组构;在中生代和新生代陆相冲积扇、河流与湖泊沉积中识别出44个遗迹属和107个遗迹种,新建22种遗迹组合及10种遗迹组构;(2)论述了寒武纪底质革命对早...     

从原型遗迹相到遗迹组构—第三届国际遗迹组构专题研讨会综述

文章介绍了第三届国际遗迹组构专题研讨会概况、会议涉及的主要内容和最新成果，概述了遗迹学的研究现状、重点研究领域和前沿课题。指出了我国遗迹学研究与国外相比存在的差距，薄弱环节和我国遗迹学研究在短期内赶超国际先进水平的方向。     

连结过去、现在和未来的遗迹组构研究:第13届国际遗迹组构专题研讨会综述

第13届国际遗迹组构专题研讨会于2015年5月14日—21日在日本高知大学召开。从会议报告、展板和野外地质考察可以看出:(1)遗迹化石的演化古生态学和复杂遗迹化石的古生态学、埋藏学精细分析将是未来遗迹学的研究热点;(2)遗迹化石的正确分类命名及其形态功能和古环境分析依然是遗迹学的基础和主要内容;(3)新遗迹学展示了巨大的生命力,成为了将今论古的重要钥匙;(4)三维动画模拟未来将推动遗迹学、生态学的科学普及;(5)遗迹组构在油气勘探应用中已取得了重大的成果。学科交叉和高新技术测试方法、跨越多学科的思维路线将是遗迹学发展的重要推动力。     

济阳坳陷车镇与沾化凹陷古近系沙河街组遗迹群落及其沉积环境

本文较系统地研究了中国东部济阳坳陷车镇与沾化凹陷古近系遗迹化石的组成、分布和产状特征及其沉积环境，提出了三种古湖泊沉积环境中的遗迹化石群落：（1）Scoyenia遗迹群落，由?Scoyenia、Beaconites、Taenidium、Planolites、Palaeophycus、Macaronichnus、Gordia、Skolithos、Ophiomorpha、Sagittichnus和Favreina等遗迹属组成，代表了经常干旱的滨浅湖或泛滥平原上的极浅水沉积环境；（2）Mermoides遗迹群落，以Mermoides、Neonereites、Planolites 、Helminthopsis、 Helminthopsis、Helminthoidichnites、Vagrichnus和Cochlichnus等遗迹属为特征，指示半深湖或较深水湖沉积环境；（3）Macaronichnus遗迹群落，主要组成分子有Macaronichnus、Planolites、Palaeophycus、Skolithos 、Monocraterion、Arenicolites、Margaritichnus、cf.?Thalassinoides?等遗迹属和须根迹，反映了中等能量与低能水体交替变化的沉积环境。     

基于全岩心CT的遗迹化石识别及沉积环境分析:以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块为例*

遗迹化石研究对于沉积环境分析具有重要意义。以加拿大麦凯Ⅲ油砂区块下白垩统McMurray组为研究对象,利用高分辨率岩心照片和全岩心CT扫描资料,在确认研究目的层遗迹化石发育属种、单体规模、组合类型及指相特征的基础上,分析了主力油砂层的沉积环境。结果表明: 目的层发育遗迹化石10属12种,包括Asterosoma isp.,Chondrites isp.,Diplocraterion isp.,Ophiomorpha nodosa,Palaeophycus tubularis,Planolites beverleyensis,Planolites isp.,Rosselia isp.,Skolithos verticalis,Skolithos isp.,Teichichnus isp.,Thalassinoides isp.;根据遗迹化石产状与围岩沉积特征,建立了Ophiomorpha-Skolithos、Asterosoma-Chondrites-Rosselia和Teichichnus-Rosselia￣Thalassinoides共3种遗迹组合,分别代表潮间带、潮下带以及浅海陆棚沉积环境中的遗迹化石组成特征。研究区油砂层优质储油砂体为潮间带沉积产物,潮汐砂坝、潮成砂脊为沥青的主要储集体。本研究既体现了全岩心CT资料在遗迹化石研究中的应用,也为潮坪沉积环境分析提供了有益参考。     

Paleoecological significance of the trace fossils of Dhosa Oolite Member (Jumara Formation), Jhura dome,Mainland Kachchh,Western India

Dhosa Oolite Member of the Jumara Formation comprises alternating bands of oolitic limestones and shales, exposed in Jhura dome of Mainland Kachchh, Western India. This sequence is highly bioturbated and exhibits a moderate diversity and behaviourally complex assemblage of ichnospecies. The rhythmically bedded sequence shows three different levels of preservation of traces. Epichnial tiering consists of moderately bioturbated oolitic limestone exhibiting horizontal or low-angle protrusive/retrusive biogenic laminae, commonly dominated by feeding structures like Rhizocorallium jenense, R. irregulare, Zoophycos brianteus and Zoophycos isp. The endichnial structures within the oolitic limestone can be separated into two different preservational trace fossil suites. The endichnial shallow suites consist chiefly of deposit feeders like Chondrites intricatus, C. targionii, Planolites beverleyensis, Taenidium cameronensis, Thalassinoides isp., Z. brianteus, Z. cf circinnatus and Zoophycos isp. and few suspension feeder forms like Palaeophycus tubularis; while endichnial deep suites consist of Chondrites intricatus, Skolithos linearis and Zoophycos isp. Hypichnial structures consists abundant, cylindrical, branched, horizontal, large-sized three dimensional feeding burrows of Thalassinoides isp. and somewhat irregular, obtuse angle ramification burrows of Phycodes isp., which are attached to the lower surface of the casting medium. The trace fossil association indicates Cruziana ichnofacies and abundance of Zoophycus species below the fair weather wave base level is largely a preservational artifact. The preservational processes of the trace fossils indicate soft substrate and diversity and their abundance reflects the other palaeoecological parameters of the open shallow marine environments.     

贵阳地区下三叠统安顺组遗迹化石及古环境意义

贵阳地区下三叠统安顺组中的遗迹化石是研究P-T生物大灭绝后古环境、古生态的良好材料,在研究区发现、描述了8个遗迹属,9个遗迹种。安顺组中遗迹化石的垂向分布表明:安顺组一段以结构单一、个体较小的遗迹化石Planolites montanus,Palaeophycus curvatus和Phycodes palmatus为主;二、三段中遗迹化石属种增多、生物扰动增强,除了一段的3个遗迹种外还发现有6个遗迹种:Beaconichnus darwinum,Chondrites recurvus, Thalassinoides paradoxicus,Thalassinoides horizontalis,Arenicolites isp.,Rhizocorallium commune,在三段出现的复杂遗迹化石Rhizocorallium commune和Thalassinoides paradoxicus代表了本地区海洋环境在早三叠世晚期的重大改善。岩性特征和生物化石特征表明安顺组一段上部为台缘浅滩环境,二段为碳酸盐岩台地边缘斜坡环境,三段为靠近台地边缘的潮间-潮下环境,在一至三段沉积期,海水含氧条件有所改善,研究区处于浅海“宜居带”上。安顺组四段沉积于半局限台地内的潮间-潮上环境,处于“宜居带”之外,在此区域遗迹化石不发育,生物活动相对较弱。早三叠世奥伦尼克期遗迹化石发育特征表明生物复苏活动在碳酸盐岩台地边缘带相对活跃。     

Paleoweathering and Paleoclimatic Reconstructions using Neoproterozoic Paleosol in the Eastern Margin of the Pranhita-Godavari Basin,India

Paleogene sediments of the inner fold belt, Naga hills, have very well preserved ichnofossils. 16 ichnospecies have been documented among 13 ichnogenera such as Arenicolites isp., Chondrites targionii, Cylindrichnus isp., Diplocraterion parallelum, Gyrochorte isp., Ophiomorpha annulata, O. irregulaire, O. nodosa, O. rudis, Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites beverleyensis, Scolicia palaeobullia, Skolithos linearis, Trypinites weisei, Thalassinoides horizontalis and Zoophycos isp. The ichnofossil assemblages comprise mostly domichnia and fodinichnia benthos of the Skolithos and Cruziana ichnofacies. A shallow marine nearshore to offshore marine environment with fluctuating energy condition has been envisaged.     

Ichnofauna from the Harbans Bed of the Badhaura Formation (Sterlitmakian), Rajasthan,India

In the first ever systematic study of trace fossils from the Badhaura Formation, the authors described a nesting burrow, which they ascribed to a stomatopod. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: primarily, to document ichnofauna from (post-glacial marine late Palaeozoic rocks of peninsular India) the Badhaura Formation (Sterlitmakian) representing marine rocks deposited following the Late Palaeozoic glaciation and secondly to contribute to the data on post-glacial ichnofauna from constituent continents of the Gondwanaland. Trace fossils described here are from the Harbans Bed, the topmost lithounit of the Badhaura Formation. The ichnofauna includes Arenicolites tenuis, Beaconites isp., Curvolithus isp., Cylindrichnus concentricus, Didymaulichnus lyelli, Ophiomorpha isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites beverleyensis, P. montanus, Rosselia chonoides, R. socialis, Skolithos linearis, Taenidium cameronensis, Thalassinoides paradoxicus, Thalassinoides isp. and a flask-shaped brood chamber assigned to a stomatopod crustacean. This mixed assemblage is assigned to distal Skolithos ichnofacies and is suggestive of a period of relatively quiet, shallow water conditions of deposition. The ichnofauna, when viewed in context of peri-gondwanic ichnofaunas, mainly consisting of simple tracks and trails, from late Palaeozoic post-glacial deposits of other Gondwanan continents, is interesting due to dominance of domichnia. Profusion of brood chambers along with Thalassinoides in the Badhaura Formation validates the concept of pre-Mesozoic Thalassinoides being non-decapod in origin and suggestive of adaptive convergence.     

安徽含山中志留世海湾沉积环境中的痕迹化石组合

安徽含山中志留世坟头组地层中已识别出三种不同沉积环境条件下的痕迹化石组合:(1)Protopaleodictyon(始网迹)组合,由Protopaleodictyon submontanum,Acanthorhaphe sp., Planolites sp. 1和Gordia cf. molassica组成,产生于海湾(河口湾)潮下过渡带环境;(2)Arenicolites(沙蠋迹)组合,包括定形的Arenicolites sp., Skolithos sp.和Thalassinoides sp.以及Planokites sp. 1,并共生无定形的生物扰动潜穴和各种不规则形态的倾斜潜穴,伴生有腕足类的Lingula,腹足类的Orthonota, Hormotoma和Ecculiomphalus以及三叶虫类的Coronocephalus等实体化石,形成了海湾(河口湾)的泥砂质岸滨环境;(3)Chondrites(丛藻迹)组合,以高度分枝潜穴系统Chondrites furcatus和C. arbuscula的富集为特征,含少量Planolites化石,丰度高分异度低,伴生有腕足类的Striispirifer和三叶虫类的Coronocephalus以及瓣鳃类和腹足类等实体化石,代表具有一定局限性的海湾潮下带贫氧的底层沉积环境。     

A Study of the Sedimentary Environment of the Xiaoxi Formation in NE of Guizhou,China

The Xiaoxi Formation is well developed in two sections (Heishui, Yinjiang and Wuguxi, Shiqian), NE of Guizhou, China.This formation is composed of the sandstones, siltstones and mudstones, and preserved with the depostional structures and trace fossils. This paper focuses on the study of the sedimentary environment of the Xiaoxi Formation based on the materials from these sections. Five ichospecies are identified from two sections, including Palaeophycus isp., Rusophycus isp., Planolites isp., Gordia isp. and Phycodes isp. These trace fossils belong to the Cruziana ichofacies, Based on the depositonal structures, the ichofaces and the result of particle size analysis, the sedimentary environment of the Xiaoxi Formation of Silurian in NE of Guizhou is nearshore zone with a relativealy and stable environment under the average low tide line.     

东濮凹陷沙三段正常三角洲沉积中遗迹化石及意义

通过对钻井岩心的观察和遗迹化石的鉴定,在东濮凹陷古近纪沙河街组沙三段发现遗迹化石10属15种,包括:Skolithos vertivalis,Skolithos linearis,Skolithos isp.,Palaeophycus tubularis,Palaeophycus isp.,Planolites montanus,Planolites beverlegensis,Planolites isp.,Mermoides isp.,Taenidium isp.,Teichichnus isp.,Helminthoidichnites tenuis,Helminthopsis isp.,Beaconites isp.和Thalassinoides isp.。根据岩性特征、沉积构造和遗迹化石的组成、分布特征,研究区沙三段主要发育正常三角洲前缘亚相、前三角洲亚相,并划分了反映不同沉积环境和水体深度的2种遗迹组合,分别为Palaeophycus-Planolites遗迹组合和Planolites-Helminthoidichnites遗迹组合。     

四川盆地南部赤水地区下三叠统嘉陵江组遗迹化石及其沉积环境

在赤水地区嘉陵江组中共发现遗迹化石4个属8个种,其中有3个未定种,即Palaeophycus tubularis(管状古藻迹),Palaeophycus curvatus(弯曲古藻迹),Palaeophycusisp.A(古藻迹未定种A),Palaeophycus isp.B(古藻迹未定种B),Planolites octichnus(八曲漫游迹),Helminithopsis abeli(阿伯尔拟蠕形迹),Helminithopsis isp(似蠕虫迹未定种),Phycodes pedum(足状拟藻迹)。这些遗迹化石主要为无脊椎动物的觅食迹和进食迹,其中多数为下浮雕保存,其次为上浮雕保存,少数为全浮雕保存。根据遗迹相组合特征,结合沉积相分析,可划分出两个遗迹组合:Palaeophycus遗迹组合,代表的是水体较浅、受短期海平面变化影响较大的灰岩坪沉积环境;Planolites-Helminithopsis遗迹组合,代表的是与Palaeophycus遗迹组合相比水体较深、能量较低的开阔海台地的台内洼地环境。