吉林陨石球粒的结构及构造

comparatively evident chondritie structure is observed in the Jilin meteorite. Chondrules range from 0.2 to 3mm in diameter, averaging 0.6mm. Chondrules can be divided into the following types according to the principal minerals crystallized and structure-texture characteristics: (1) Olivine chondrules. In terms of their structure they can be subdivided into prophyritic, grated, barred, sub swirlling internal flow and granular chondrulcs; (2) Orthopyroxene ahondrules. Textural types found are fan-like, radial,parallel fibrous, porphyritic and irregular; (3) Olivineorthopyroxene chondrules; (4)Glass or devitrified chondrules; (5) Ni-Fe chondrules and (6) Troilite-olivine chondrules. Among them, porphyritic and granular olivine chondrules and various kinds of radial orthopyroxene chondrules are most common. In addition, also have been recognized the overlapping of two or more chondrules and chondrules coated with glassy crust. The structure and texture of chondrules indicate that they were originated from molten silicate droplets through rapid cooling prior to the formation of the meteorite parent body. Rapid fusion may be induced on the surface of a few solidified chondrules by solar impulse wave or nebula lightning and, if rapid cooling followed, this would give rise to the appearance of glassy crust. Collision between chondrulcs may result in a variety of chondrule fragments and crystal debris. In some cases, collision is also considered to be responsible for the entrench, inclusion and overlapping textures in ehondrules. After the formation of the meteorite parent body recrystallization of chondrules may take place as a result of thermal metamorphism.     

吉林陨石的不透明矿物

Opaque minerals in the Jilin meteorite inelude kamacite, taenite troilite, chromite, ilmenite, schreibersite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and graphite.Five of the above-mentioned minerals have been discussed in more detail in terms of optical and physical properties, chemical composition, coexisting relationship, and the order of crystallization. It is indicated from this study that, with the exception of a small amount of Ni-Fe cbondrules, silicate minerals are the first to erystallize followed by chromite, ilmenite at the early stage of nebula condensation, while Ni-Fe phase in the matrix is considered to be of a more later erigin. At the late stage of nebula condensation troilite resulted from the reaction of Ni-Fe metal with residual H2S vapor. As indicated by the occurrence of coarse grained Ni-Fe metal, the recrystallization of troilite and the apparent Neumann lines in kamaeite, it is expected that opaque minerals in the Jilin metevrite have undergone different degrees of thermal and impact metamorphisms.     

吉林陨石中包裹体特征，形成温度及其意义的探讨

Glass and gas inclusions have been observed in olivine and other minerals in 30 doubly polished tin sections of Jilin meteorites, indicating that there must have been melting And condensation stages during the process of meteorite formation. Temperatures of formation have been determined by homogenization and quenching runs,giving 1050-200℃ and 502℃ for glass and gas inclusions respectively, Meanwhile,the fibrous radial crystals of pyroxene have been notieed to grow when heated over 800℃. These observations are in general agreement with the available experimental data and theoretical calculations regarding meteorite.     

吉林陨石中的氨基酸

Amino acids have been separated from and identified in the Jilin meteorite No.Ⅰ and Ⅱ by gas-liquid chromatography. Eight kinds of amino acid, i.e., α-alanine,valine, glycine, isoleucine, β-alanine, leucine, proline, and threonine are observed in meteorite No. Ⅰ Ten varieties of amino acids including serine, hydroproline, lysine and etc. are noticed from meteorite No. Ⅱ. A brief diseussion is given to the origin of these acids.     

吉林陨石的透明矿物

Principal transparent minerals in the Jilin meteorite include forsterite (Fa 17.8--19.5), orthopyroxenes (mainly Fs 14.1-15.8), clinopyroxenes (clinobronzite, diopside and pigeonite), plagioclase (An 8--12), orthoclase and whitlockite. Among the 17 accessory and minor minerals recognized are: tremolite, zircon, sodalite, calcite, siderite,moissanite, quartz, christobalite and rutile. The chemical composition of olivine is relatlvely uniform. Of pyroxenes orthopyroxenc predominates while clinopyroxenes are rare. Optical measurement indicates a limited compositional variation for orthopyroxene. Feldspars occur mainly as microcrystals and glass chondrules have mostly devitrified into crystallites, microcrystals or even to perfect crystals. The outline of chondrules is partly clear or, in some cases,merely recoguizable. The Jilin meteorite should belong to the type of 4-5, basically type H 5, in accordance with the petrochemical classification suggested by W. R. van Schmns in 1967.     

吉林陨石的烃类和嘌呤、嘧啶化合物

Preliminary investigation was earried out on the Jilin meteorite for hydrocarbonand nitrogen-bearing organic compounds. It shows that the meteorite contains 68 ppm of soluble organic matter, among which the normal alkanes amount to 0.36---0.48 ppm,with carbon number distribution ranging from C17 to C31, and the aromatic hydrocarbons herein are mainly composed of polyalkyl-substituted less condensed rings. Purine derivatives and pyrimidine have also been found. A discussion is given as to the origin of these organic substanees.     

吉林陨石的热变质及冲击变质研究

吉林陨石的岩石学、矿物学、化学组成及球粒结构的研究表明,陨石主要由橄榄石、古铜辉石、铁纹石、陨硫铁、斜长石及少量的铬铁矿、钛铁矿、斜古铜辉石、白磷钙矿及玻璃等近40种矿物组成。橄榄石(Fa18.7％)及古铜辉石(En81.8 Fs15.3 Wo2.9)的成分比较稳定。球粒比较发育,约占20％,但大多球粒的轮廓模糊,有的球粒与基质难以分辨,球粒结构类型多样,组成球粒和基质的矿物成分基本一致。按W.R.范施穆斯(VanSchmus)的分类,吉林陨石应属于H_5球粒陨石。根据同位素地质年龄的测定结果,吉     

吉林陨石中的异戊间二烯烷烃

Isoprenoid compounds in the Jilin meteorite are isolated and identified by a combined chromatography-mass spectrometry. In the chromatographic part of this instrumentation, the open glass capillary is coated with SE^30 carrier. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric evidence of the existance of pristane and phytane in the Jilin meteorite has been presented and the possible origin of these compounds briefly discussed     

我国九个普通球粒陨石的岩石学研究

对我国新近降落的九十普通球粒陨石进行了岩石学和矿物学的研究，在此基础上划分了9个球柱陨石的化学-岩石类型，它们是南通(H4)、枣阳(H5)，肇东(L4)，启东（L-LL5)、饶阳(L4)、射阳(L6)、广南(L6)、随州(L6)及导河(L4)球粒陨石。     

宁强碳质球粒陨石岩石学及化学组成的研究

宁强碳质球粒陨石含有大量聚集的球粒(13.7体积％)和非常低的难熔包体丰度(～2±1体积％),属于异常的CV球粒陨石(氧化亚群)。相对于典型的CV3球粒陨石,宁强具有低的难熔包体和较高橄榄石集合体(8.2体积％)及聚集的球粒丰度,相对于CV3氧化亚群,宁强具有较多的金属Fe-Ni及磁铁矿,高的磁铁矿(3.3体积％)/金属Fe-Ni(0.5体积％)比值(6.6),并有作为主要金属相的镍铁矿(Ni_3Fe),表明宁强球粒陨石类似于CV3氧化亚群。     

安龙球粒陨石的物质组成和球粒结构

安龙球粒陨石于1971年5月2日陨落于贵州省安龙县科汪公社。1972年5月经安龙县龙广区革委刘奕东同志介绍,我所欧阳自远、景式范和唐树莲三同志曾赴现场进行调查和收集陨石标本。在调查过程中得到了当地县、区和公社的领导以及贫下中农的热情支持和协助,在此表示衷心的感谢。     

陨石分类研究进展及其地学意义

近40年来陨石分类学经历了3个发展阶段，60－70年代，由根据陨石的矿物结构的分类方法发展为球粒陨石的化学一岩石学分类法和铁陨石的化学群分类法；70－80年代，提出了分异型陨石和未分异型陨石的概念，球粒陨石被认为是未分异型陨石，而其它陨石（铁陨石，石铁陨石和无球粒陨石）大多被划入分异型陨石，80－90年代以来，陨石氧同位素组成成为了陨石成因分类的一个主要依据，使陨石分类学进入了一个新的成因分类阶段，作者对80－90年代以来新确立的R群，K小群，CR群和CK群球粒陨石，以及根据氧同位素划分出的原始型无球粒陨石系列：A－L无球粒陨石，Winonaites无球粒陨石和Brachinites无球粒陨石进行了介绍，笔者对陨石研究和陨石分类学的发展在估算地球整体成分，探讨地球成因和早期演化历史方面的重要意义进行了说明，并建议地球科学家应对陨石学和陨石分类的发展现状给以关注。     

洮南球粒陨石的物质组成和组构研究

1965年2月28日13时左右,在吉林省洮南县东南方向飞来三块陨石(照片1、2),坠落在洮南县万宝公社炮台屯前、后和东升公社桂林大队后山坡三处,其分别重2550克、1100克、100克。三块陨石大致呈南东-北西向分布(东经122°,北纬45°47′),相距半公里左右。     

林东陨石的分类与成因探讨

林东陨石发现于我国内蒙古地区,被划分为LL5-6型普通球粒陨石角砾岩。本项工作对林东陨石开展了深入的岩石矿物学分析,提出将其重新划分为表土角砾岩的新观点。林东陨石主要由大至厘米级的角砾、以及微米大小的细粒基质两部分构成。不同角砾之间,表现出明显差异的岩石结构,反映了不同程度的热变质,岩石类型变化范围为4～6型。角砾以岩屑为主,还含有残余球粒和粗粒的矿物碎屑。不同岩石类型角砾的橄榄石Fa值（29.7 mol%～30.5 mol%）、低钙辉石Fs值（24.9 mol%～26.1 mol%）、以及铁纹石的Co含量（2.38%～2.51%）等,表明这些角砾均为低铁低金属的LL化学群,判断其来自同一小行星母体。林东陨石的细粒基质主要由微米大小的矿物碎屑固结而成,颗粒之间有较多的孔隙,整体较为松散。细粒基质的化学组成与岩石角砾中的矿物颗粒相同,应当是后者的机械粉碎产物。据此推测林东陨石的母体是一颗LL群小行星,表面经历了长期的小天体碰撞,形成各种岩屑和微细矿物晶屑,然后固结成林东陨石表土角砾岩。林东陨石的发现为研究小行星表面的演化历史,以及太阳风辐射等太空风化提供了珍贵样品,并为我国小行星探测提供可供对照的对象。     

荷叶塘陨石:一个L3型普通球粒陨石的岩石学和地球化学特征

荷叶塘为一块我国降落的原始3型普通球粒陨石,因此具有重要研究意义。本文对荷叶塘陨石光薄片及粉末样品的岩石学、矿物学和全岩组成地球化学特征进行研究,为这块陨石的深入研究提供重要基础数据。研究表明荷叶塘陨石具L3型陨石岩石学特征,具典型的球粒陨石结构,球粒清晰,球粒结构类型多,基质重结晶程度低,组成模式为:球粒80vol%,金属和硫化物含量为5vol%,基质15vol%。矿物化学成分表明,该陨石球粒以Ⅰ型(贫铁型)球粒为主,橄榄石Fa0.41-34.1(PMD=51),低钙辉石Fs1.82-27.2(PMD=88),Wo0.18-3.13(PMD=103),铁纹石中Co含量平均0.62%(PMD=20),矿物成份不均一程度高,橄榄石矿物结晶颗粒内部化学成分变化大,呈正环带分布,与岩浆型结晶顺序一致,球粒与基质及间隙物成分明显不同,表现为不同物质来源。化学成分全岩分析结果显示,荷叶塘陨石亲石、亲铁元素含量均为L型陨石特征。依据以上岩石矿物学和化学组成特征,依照陨石亚分类参数,将其类型划分为L3.4型普通球粒陨石。冲击变质程度S2,风化程度W1。研究结果表明荷叶塘陨石为一块受后期水、热蚀变和风化影响较少的原始类型陨石。组成矿物成分极不均一,在矿物晶体内部,球粒内部及球粒与基质间均有明显变化。     

吉兰太陨石的初步研究

Iu the afternoon ou March 15, 1979 a Chondrite, 20.5 kg in total weight, fell in the Jilantai People‘s Commune at Alxa Zuoqi, Nei Monggol (Inner Mongolia), China. In terms of mineralogic identification and chemical analysis this meteorite should be assigned to L-group ordinary chondrites.     

安徽毫县陨石中宇宙成因矿物学研究

详细地研究了毫县陨石中的主要标型特征，毫县陨石是一块不平衡的普通球粒陨石，球粒结构齐,保持原始信息多，对球粒中出现的26种结构类型进行了合理的解释，为讨论球粒成因提供了科学依据，对毫 县职石中的几种特殊的标型矿物－指示强还原环境生成的标型矿物张衡矿，指示高压的标型矿物Wadsleyite和指示高温凝聚产物的标型矿物亚铁尖品石及CAI包体的发现均作了详细的研究与讨论。     

普通球粒陨石NWA15004岩石矿物学特征及球粒类型研究

普通球粒陨石是目前发现数量最多的陨石,对认识早期太阳星云演化和太阳系物质成分具有重要的意义。Northwest Africa (NWA) 15004是一块非洲西北部新发现的普通球粒陨石。本次研究使用光学显微镜、电子探针以及扫描电镜等分析仪器对该陨石进行详细的岩石学、矿物学及球粒特征研究。结果表明该陨石球粒轮廓较为模糊,基质重结晶明显,橄榄石平均Fa值为25.4 mol%(PMD为2.65%),低钙辉石的平均Fs值21.3 mol%(PMD为3.95%),硅酸盐矿物化学成分较为均一,根据岩相学及矿物学特征将其划分为L5型普通球粒陨石。橄榄石和辉石颗粒发育波状消光和面状破裂,且观察到有熔融囊的出现,表明该陨石受到S3以上的冲击变质作用。球粒的成因和形成的星云环境需要准确的球粒类型划分,球粒按结构类型分类较多,但其化学成分均一,该陨石所有球粒的橄榄石辉石的Mg^#约为74.5,均为Ⅱ型富铁球粒,结合“CIPW标准”计算基质化学成分均为A5型球粒。利用共生单斜辉石和斜方辉石矿物对成分特征计算得到NWA 15004陨石热变质平衡温度为814℃,说明该陨石母体经历了较高程度热变...     

35个铁陨石化学组成研究及其在分类学中的应用

我们在中国某些铁陨石化学分类的基础土，又对11个南极铁陨石及10个美国和其他国家的铁陨石进行了多元素的分析和研究。除首次对11个南极铁陨石进行化学构造分类外，还将以前划分为ⅢAB的新疆铁陨石重新划分为ⅢE化学群，并增加和更正了中国14个铁陨石的一些数据。故本文一并讨论35个铁陨石化学组成的研究结果。