江西德兴地区主要矿床类型、成矿地质征及其因关系

江西德兴地区是中国重要的金属矿产资源聚集地,主要矿床有德兴斑岩铜矿(包括朱砂红、铜厂和富家坞)、金山金矿、银山Pb-Zn-Ag多金属矿和蛤蟆金矿等.这些矿床可以划分为与剪切带有关的金矿和与岩浆热液成矿作用有关的铜金钼铅锌银矿床(如德兴斑岩Cu-Mo-Au矿床和银山Pb-Zn-Ag-Cu-Au矿床).在控矿构造、成矿元素...     

德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿成矿流体演化特征

为探讨成矿流体的特征和演化过程,对德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿床不同蚀变—矿化带石英细脉中的流体包裹体进行详细的岩相学观察、显微测温、显微激光喇曼探针工作.结果显示,德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿主要有三类流体包裹体:富液相包裹体(Ⅰ型),富气相包裹体(Ⅱ型)、多相包裹体(Ⅲ型);成矿早期的Ⅰ型包裹体,主成矿期的Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型包裹体,以及成矿晚期的Ⅰ型包裹体的平均均—温度和平均盐度分别为:481℃,8.1％; 410℃,1.2％;389℃,56％和215℃,3.1％;主成矿期的Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型包裹体的平均均—温度相近,但盐度相差很大,指示了沸腾作用的发生;从早期到晚期,成矿流体呈现温度降低,挥发分逸出的趋势.     

赣东北金山金矿床构造变形特征及其区域构造意义

金山金矿产于赣东北断裂带的次级剪切带中,其成矿作用与韧性剪切带的动力变质作用密切相关.本文通过对矿区金矿体的地质特征和运动学特征的分析,认为金山金矿成矿期经历了两期韧性剪切作用,即早期由NNW向SSE的韧性推覆剪切,晚期沿NE方向的左行韧性走滑剪切,分别形成NW向超糜棱岩型矿体和NE方向石英脉型矿体,两期韧剪变形均发生在新元古代,对应于江南造山带在碰撞造山阶段和后造山伸展阶段的动力变质事件.成矿后,矿区先受到NW向的挤压应力场作用,形成NE走向的逆断层、NW走向的张性断层以及SN走向的左行压扭断层,之后转为NW向的拉张应力场,形成NE走向的正断层.金山金矿床的构造变形特征指示了赣东北断裂带活动的阶段性,赣东北地区在晋宁期经历了两期构造-岩浆-变质事件;加里东-印支期构造活动比较弱;燕山期本区构造-岩浆活动强烈,引起赣东北断裂带的再次活动.     

江西万载县兴源冲铜矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因探讨

[摘 要]江西兴源冲铜矿是近几年发现的具有较大潜力的铜多金属矿床,所处的黄茅地区属九岭南缘多层次大型构造叠加成矿地质背景的西段。在野外详细的地质考察以及室内岩矿鉴定的基础上,运用电子探针和气体同位素质谱仪以及包体测温等现代分析测试技术,对兴源冲铜多金属矿床的成矿地质特征及其矿床成因进行了深入细致的分析研究。实验分析得出:电子探针分析数据表明矿石中含大量Cu、Fe,少量Zn、Au,其中Cu 含量达工业品位;矿石中δ³⁴ S_CDT值和包裹体盐度值说明其成矿流体具有同源性,可能来源于地幔或者与岩浆同源;包体均一温度有两个峰值区间,说明矿床受二期成矿流体控制。综合区域、矿区地质特征、矿体特征以及上述实验所得,得出该矿床应为海相-火山喷流沉积变质叠改型铜矿床。     

德兴金山金矿田不同尺度构造特征及其与成矿作用的关系

德兴市金山金矿田是与赣东北深大断裂带内次一级剪切带有关的中温热液矿床。其矿石类型主要由与断裂充填有关的小尺度石英脉组成，这些石英脉主要呈纹层状。不同尺度的构造研究表明，金山金矿是同构造的产物，递进变形作用与成矿作用密切相关，在成矿过程中，普遍发育压溶作用，导致早期的石英颗粒发生溶解以及形成黄铁矿压力影。金山金矿蚀变硫化物以黄铁矿为主，说明成矿流体中硫主要以H2S和HS-形式存在。断层阀机制引起压力波动，进而导致成矿流体的相分离和水—岩反应，是金山金矿的主要成矿机制。     

江西德兴朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体特征及其成矿意义

朱砂红斑岩铜矿位于德兴斑岩铜矿矿集区的西北方向,紧邻铜厂铜矿.本文在前人有关德兴铜矿研究基础上,以铜矿流体包裹体为研究内容,通过野外详细的岩芯采样,室内石英斑晶、石英脉和方解石脉中包裹体测试及数据整理分析后初步发现:朱砂红斑岩铜矿流体包裹体大致可以分成五大类型(富液型包裹体、富气型包裹体、含CO2气液两相型包裹体、含子矿物多相型和固液两相型);相比铜厂整体成矿温度略低,盐度略高;由成矿流体压力47.27～184.47 MPa,推导出成矿深度达2～4 km,以及激光拉曼测试结果——流体中含有CO2、H2S和CH4等挥成份气体,它们可能与Au等元素的运移成矿有关.因此,从包裹体性质推测朱砂红铜矿不只是斑岩铜矿,可能是浅成热液斑岩型铜金矿床.此外,朱砂红矿区成矿流体来源至少有两种:高温岩浆流体和大气降水.伴随流体演化期次大致可以划分出3个成矿阶段:硅酸盐硫化物阶段、石英-硫化物阶段(即主成矿阶段,温度:200～340℃,盐度:2.0％～15％NaCl)、碳酸盐-硫酸盐硫化物阶段.同时,均一温度、盐度及压力等暗示在流体演化和成矿过程中岩浆流体发生过沸腾或不混溶作用.     

Hydrothermal Alteration and Mineralization of Middle Jurassic Dexing Porphyry Cu-Mo Deposit, Southeast China

The Dexing deposit is located in a NE‐trending magmatic belt along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton. It is the largest porphyry copper deposit in China, consisting of three porphyry copper orebodies of Zhushahong, Tongchang and Fujiawu from northwest to southeast. It contains 1168 Mt of ores with 0.5% Cu and 0.01% Mo. The Dexing deposit is hosted by Middle Jurassic granodiorite porphyries and pelitic schist of Proterozoic age. The Tongchang granodiorite porphyry has a medium K cal‐alkaline series, with medium K₂O content (1.94–2.07 wt%), and low K₂O/(Na₂O + K₂O) (0.33–0.84) ratios. They have high large‐ion lithophile elements, high light rare‐earth elements, and low high‐field‐strength elements. The hydrothermal alteration at Tongchang is divided into four alteration mineral assemblages and related vein systems. They are early K‐feldspar alteration and A vein; transitional (chlorite + illite) alteration and B vein; late phyllic (quartz + muscovite) alteration and D vein; and latest carbonate, sulfate and oxide alteration and hematite veins. Primary fluid inclusions in quartz from phyllic alteration assemblage include liquid‐rich (type 1), vapor‐rich (type 2) and halite‐bearing ones (type 3). These provide trapping pressures of 20–400 ´ 10⁵ Pa of fluids responsible for the formation of D veins. Igneous biotite from least altered granochiorite porphyry and hydrothermal muscovite in mineralized granodiorite porphyry possess δ¹⁸O and δD values of 4.6‰ and ?87‰ for biotite and 7.1–8.9‰, ?71 to ?73‰ for muscovite. Stable isotopic composition of the hydrothermal water suggests a magmatic origin. The carbon and oxygen isotope for hydrothermal calcite are ?4.8 to ?6.2‰ and 6.8–18.8‰, respectively. The δ³⁴S of pyrite in quartz vein ranges from ?0.1 to 3‰, whereas δ³⁴S for chalcopyrite in calcite veins ranges from 4 to 5‰. These are similar to the results of previous studies, and suggest a magmatic origin for sulfur. Results from alteration assemblages and vein system observation, as well as geochemical, fluid inclusion, stable isotope studies indicate that the involvement of hydrothermal fluids exsolved from a crystallizing melt are responsible for the formation of Tongchang porphyry Cu‐Mo orebodies in Dexing porphyry deposit.     

再论德兴斑岩铜矿成矿物质来源

本文从德兴斑岩体岩石化学、流体包裹体、Ｓr同位素的研究出发,谁了铜厂成矿体系斑岩 内在性地成矿物质运移、聚集的控制作用。结果表明,浅侵位岩浆能产生大量的热液流体。并由中高温高盐度岩浆流体携带铜等成矿物质从深部向上部及边部迁移、聚集,在斑岩体顶部及接触带中、上部沉淀成矿。进上步的研究又支持了德兴斑岩铜矿的正岩浆成因。     

江西金山金矿含金黄铁矿的Rb-Sr年龄

前人对江西金山金矿的成矿时代有许多不同的认识,笔者通过对江西金山蚀变岩型矿石中的含金黄铁矿Rb-Sr年龄的测定得出,含金黄铁矿的Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(838±110)Ma,initial87Sr/86Sr=0.7045±0.0020。由此可以推测晋宁期是蚀变岩型金矿体形成的主要时期。黄铁矿Rb-Sr所得的Sr同位素初始比(87Sr/86Sr)i小于陆源硅酸盐的值(0.720),而与玄武岩的值(0.704)接近,结合前人有关的同位素及稀土、微量元素研究,笔者认为金山金矿变质岩型矿体的成矿物质源于变质围岩,成矿流体为来源于深部的变质水。     

Geological and Geochemical Characteristics and Genesis of the Shaxi Porphyry Copper (Gold) Deposits, Anhui Province

The Shaki porphyry copper(gold) deposits are a trpical example of porphyry copper deposits associ-ated with diorite in eastern China. Quartz diorite, which hosts the deposits, has a Rb-Sr isochron age of 127.9±1.6Ma. Geochemically, the rock is rich in alkalis (especially sodium), light rare earth elements (LREE) and large-ionlithophile elements (LILE), and has a relatively low initial strontium isotopic ratio (I_(Sr)=0.7058); thus it is the productof differentiation of crust-mantle mixing source magma. The model of alteration and mineralization zoning is similarto the Hollister (1974) diorite model. The ore fluids have a relatively high salinity and contain significant amounts ofCO_2, Ca~(2+), Na~+ and Cl~-. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions for the main mineralization stage rangefrom 280 to 420℃, the δ~(18)O values of the ore fluids vary from 3.51 to 5.52‰, the δD values are in the range between-82.4 and -59.8‰, the δ~(34)S values of sulphides vary from -0.3 to 2.49‰, and the δ~(13)C values of CO_2 in inclusionsrange between -2.66 and -6.53‰. Isotope data indicate that the hydrothermal ore fluids and ore substances of theShaxi porphyry copper (gold) deposits were mainly derived from magmatic systems.     

江西德兴斑岩铜矿田断裂分形研究

本文将分形几何学的原理和方法应用于江西德兴斑岩铜矿田三组断裂系统的二维平面分布特征研究,发现在研究的标度范围不人有统计自相似性,而且不同矿区了区域具有孙现的分维数Ｄ值,矿化岩体产出部位分维明显高于整个矿山分维值,ＮＥ向断裂体系分维值略高于ＷＮＷ向体系分维值,结合断裂产状,时代,穿切关系与岩体侵入部位对比可知,分维值越高,越有利于矿床形成,矿床规模也越大,其中ＮＥ向和ＷＮＷ向断裂体系起主控矿作用。     

江西金山金矿韧性剪切带控矿特征探讨

叙述了江西金山金矿韧性剪切带构造岩分带、蚀变分带及金矿化强度分带“三位一体”的规律性分布特征,分析了金山韧性剪切带控矿特征,指出金山韧性剪切带严格控制矿体的产出,其变形变质作用对金的成矿和富集提供容矿空间和动力条件.     

金山金矿成矿年龄测定及华南加里东成金期的讨论

金山金矿是中国南方的一个重要金属床,属于变质细碎屑岩型,产于中元古界双桥山群中,矿石由超糜棱岩型及石英脉型组成。对于其形成时代有晋宁期,燕山期,晋宁期＋燕山期,晋宁期＋加里东期＋印支期＋燕山期等多种观点。     

德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿脉体类型、分布规律及其对成矿的指示意义

德兴铜矿是中国东部重要的大型斑岩铜矿,由朱砂红、铜厂和富家坞等3个矿床组成。在详细的野外脉体填图基础上,文章把德兴铜厂斑岩铜矿的成矿脉体划分为A脉、B脉、D脉和H脉等4种类型。研究发现,A脉的形成与钾化蚀变有关,脉体不规则且不连续,以粒状石英±钾长石±黑云母±磁铁矿±少量黄铁矿±少量黄铜矿的矿物组合为特征;B脉的形成与钾质硅酸盐水解有关,脉体较规则且连续,以石英±辉钼矿±黄铜矿±黄铁矿的矿物组合为特征,石英颗粒呈典型的梳状或长柱状对称于脉壁生长;D脉的形成与石英-绢云母化蚀变有关,以黄铁矿±石英±黄铜矿的矿物组合为特征,脉壁发育绢云母晕;H脉的形成与碳酸盐化有关,以方解石±赤铁矿±黄铁矿±黄铜矿的矿物组合为特征。这4种脉体分别记录了成矿流体演化至不同阶段,热液蚀变作用的特点及其与Cu-Mo硫化物沉淀的关系。脉体的宽度-间距定量统计分析表明,脉体宽度(T)服从于幂次分布定律;脉体间距(S)服从于负指数分布或介于对数正态分布与负指数分布之间。脉体宽度分维值D值(0.91~1.35)普遍>1,反映脉体系统的连通性较差,矿化程度较弱。脉体间距变差系数Cν值(0.49~0.92)均<1,说明脉体簇生聚集程度较低,矿化程度较弱;处于脉体聚集中心的脉体,代表着热液流体运移的通道,制约着其他脉体的展布。     

江西金山金矿韧性剪切过程中物质的迁移

金山金矿属韧性剪切型金矿床，矿床规模大，矿区发育有一定完整的糜棱岩带，在糜棱岩化过程中伴有流体相的参与。根据Ｇｒｅｓｅｎｓ的成分－体积关系式所获得的计算结果表明：ＳｉＯ２－ＦｅＯ随着糜棱岩化程度加强而带入量增加，在地质上表现为硅化、黄铁矿化加强；Ｎａ２Ｏ与Ｋ２Ｏ表现出相反的迁移趋势，即随着糜棱岩化程度加强，Ｎａ２Ｏ迁入量增加，而Ｋ２Ｏ迁出量增加；ＣａＯ与ＳｉＯ２有着基本一致的变化趋势，ＭｎＯ，Ｍｇ     

德兴斑岩铜矿田两类伊利石的存在及其在蚀变分带中的意义

德兴斑岩铜矿田内存在两种成因类型的伊利石：一是特征的热液蚀变矿物,它是在热液流体 作用过程中斜长石、云母类矿物通过伊利石化过程形成的,其结晶度(IC)和膨胀层含量受携 带矿质的热液流体量控制;二是浅变质作用自身的产物,其结晶度远较小于前者,具2M1 多型,且不含膨胀层,是原始蒙皂石完全伊利石化形成的。作者发现,在斑岩体和接触带内 ,伊利石结晶度小的部位,蚀变程度强,矿化品位也高。     

Petrogenesis of Adakitic Porphyries in an Extensional Tectonic Setting, Dexing, South China: Implications for the Genesis of Porphyry Copper Mineralization

The Dexing adakitic porphyries (quartz diorite–granodioriteporphyries), associated with giant porphyry Cu deposits, arelocated in the interior of a continent (South China). They exhibitrelatively high MgO, Cr, Ni and Sr contents, high La/Yb andSr/Y ratios, but low Yb and Y contents, similar to adakitesproduced by slab melting associated with subduction. However,they are characterized by bulk Earth-like Nd–Sr isotopecompositions (_Nd(t) = –1·14 to +1·80 and(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i = 0·7044 – 0·7047), and highTh (12·6–27·2 ppm) contents and Th/Ce (0·19–0·94)ratios, which are different from those of Cenozoic slab-derivedadakites. Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP)geochronology studies of zircons reveal that the Dexing adakiticporphyries have a crystallization age of 171 ± 3 Ma.This age is contemporaneous with Middle Jurassic extension withinthe Shi-Han rift zone, and within-plate magmatism elsewherein South China, indicating that the Dexing adakitic porphyrieswere probably formed in an extensional tectonic regime in theinterior of the continent rather than in an arc setting. Theirhigh Th contents and Th/Ce ratios, and Middle Jurassic age,argue against an origin from a Neoproterozoic (1000 Ma) stalledslab in the mantle. Taking into account available data for theregional metamorphic–magmatic rocks, and the present-daycrustal thickness (31 km) in the area, we suggest that the Dexingadakitic porphyries were most probably generated by partialmelting of delaminated lower crust, which was possibly triggeredby upwelling of the asthenospheric mantle due to the activityof the Shi-Hang rift zone. Moreover, the Dexing adakitic magmasmust have interacted with the surrounding mantle peridotiteduring their ascent, which elevated not only their MgO, Cr andNi contents, but also the oxygen fugacity (fO₂) of the mantle.The high fO₂ could have induced oxidation of metallic sulfidesin the mantle and mobilization of chalcophile elements, whichare required to produce associated Cu mineralization. Therefore,the Cu metallogenesis associated with the Dexing adakitic porphyriesis probably related to partial melting of delaminated lowercrust, similar to the metallogenesis accompanying slab melting. KEY WORDS: adakite; lower crust; delamination; porphyry copper deposit, South China     

含矿地质体体积法在江西德兴地区铜矿资源潜力评价中的应用

含矿地质体体积法是基于矿床模型综合地质信息预测技术基础之上的一种预测资源量估算方法,其核心算法是：预测资源量＝最小预测区面积×延深×含矿地质体面积参数×相似系数×模型区含矿系数。该方法显著的优越之处在于引用大比例尺精度的典型矿床及其深部和外围的预测资源量作为中等比例尺精度的模型区资源总量,从而极大地提高了模型区含矿系数的准确性,能够使预测结果明显趋于合理可靠。以江西德兴地区铜矿资源潜力评价为例,系统阐述了含矿地质体体积法的应用过程,预测2 000 m以浅铜矿潜在资源量767.11 万t。     

Rare Earth Element and Trace Element Features of Gold-bearing Pyrite in the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Jiangxi Province

<正>Jinshan gold deposit is located in northeastern Jiangxi,South China,which is related to the ductile shear zone.It has a gold reserve of more than 200 tons,with 80%of gold occurring in pyrite. The LREE of gold-bearing pyrite is as higher as 171.664 ppm on average,with relatively higher light rare earth elements(LREE;159.556 ppm) and lower HREE(12.108 ppm).TheΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio is 12.612 and(La/Yb)_N is 11.765.These indicate that pyrite is rich in LREE.The(La/Sm)_N ratio is 3.758 and that of(Gd/Yb)_N is 1.695.These are obvious LREE fractionations.The rare earth element(REE) distribution patterns show obvious Eu anomaly with averageδEu values of 0.664,andδCe anomalies of 1.044.REE characteristics are similar to those of wall rocks(regional metamorphic rocks),but different from those of the Dexing granodiorite porphyry and Damaoshan biotite granite.These features indicate that the ore-forming materials in the Jinshan gold deposit derived from the wall rocks, and the ore-forming fluids derived from metamorphic water.The Co/Ni ratio(average value 0.38) of pyrite suggests that the Jinshan gold deposit formed under a medium-low temperature.It is inferred from the values of high-field strength elements,LREE,Hf/Sm,Nb/La,and Th/La of the pyrite that the ore-forming fluids of the Jinshan gold deposit derived from metamorphic water with ClF.