琼西北地区冰川地貌陆地卫星TM图像解译

在北门江流域更新世沉积广布、厚度巨大。在对区内的建筑砂矿进行成矿背景条件研中,利用了陆地卫星TM图像并与区内的地质地球物理资料进行综合分析,发现了区内的冰蚀台面、冰洼、冰斗、冰川槽谷和冰碛堤、冰碛裙和冰水扇等冰川作用遗迹。通过对冰蚀、冰碛地貌的研究发现它们之间内在的成生规律。     

塔里木盆地周边地区泥石流灾害的遥感分析

本文以MSS图像和TM图像为基本信息源,从影响泥石流灾害形成的自然要素,如地质（岩性、构造）、地形地貌、植被、水文（河流、冰川、雪被）、地面物质组成以及泥石流沟的遥感判读入手,结合气象资料分析,对塔里木盆地周边地区泥石流灾害的类型、分布状况、孕育和诱发条件进行探讨,进一步对该区泥石流灾害发育程度进行区划,并对危险区进行预测。     

秦岭世界地质公园

位于秦岭中段,距离西安市仅25公里,总面积1074．85平方公里,主要地质遗迹分布面积为890平方公里,分为骊山裂谷地垒构造园区、玉山岛弧型花岗岩峰岭地貌园区、翠华山山崩地貌园区、冰晶顶韧性剪切带与构造混合岩化园区、南太白板块碰撞缝合带与第四纪冰川园区等五个各具特色主题的园区。公园内最具特色的地质遗迹为造山带地质遗迹和第四纪地质遗迹,如山崩、第四纪古冰川遗迹等。     

青藏高原生态地质环境遥感调查研究

自2003年始开展的青藏高原生态地质环境遥感调查与监测项目已取得了阶段性的成果，本文就项目涉及到的第四纪基础地质 与第四纪冰川遗迹、现代冰川雪线、湖泊湿地、荒漠化等专题成果进行了简要介绍。本文明确了项目开展的意义，给出了青藏高原 生态地质环境质量的评价结果，强调了地学因素对于青藏高原生态地质环境形成与演化的控制作用，以及近30a来全球气候变化对 高原生态地质环境适应性变化的驱动作用。     

青藏高原冰川演变与地质灾害

在青藏高原现代冰川雪线遥感调查与监测结果基础上,对青藏高原30 a以来因现代冰川雪线变化而引发的地质灾害类型及分布区域进行了论述,并对冰川地质灾害的形成机理进行了初步探讨,对灾害的发展趋势进行了预测。     

基于RS的林芝-加查段泥石流源地信息提取

为研究泥石流灾害对西藏雅鲁藏布江林芝-加查段沿线的影响与危害,基于遥感手段开展了林芝-加查段沿线泥石流源地物源及冰川水文信息特征的提取研究与分析。研究结果表明:林芝-加查段沿线泥石流源地物源分布具有不均匀性;源地冰川分布具有不平衡性;沿线泥石流源地的物源在冰川融水及冰川型泥石流过后更加发育,积累的松散物质更加丰富,导致泥石流源地物源进一步复活并产生大量新物源,从而使沿线泥石流发生频率增高,规模增大。     

浅谈冰川地貌表示方法

本文对于多类型冰川的形成原因、在立体影像上的成像规律和特征,以及冰川等高线图形特征、表示方法、综合取舍原则等进行了分析和讨论,总结了冰川地貌表示方法的有关规律性,能够为立体测图和质量验收工作提供一定的参考。     

布尔津喀纳斯湖——国家地质公园

位于新疆北部,属阿勒泰地区布尔津县所辖,紧邻中国与哈萨克、俄罗斯、蒙古的边境,地处欧亚大陆的中心区域,中国的西北角,阿尔泰山西南坡,它是我国唯一属北冰洋水系的额尔齐斯河上游的喀纳斯河流域。公园分为喀纳斯湖、河湾、黑湖、东锡勒克四个景区,面积875平方公里,以第四纪冰川遗迹、地质构造遗迹、流水地貌及其他地质遗迹景观为主。     

浙东象山港岸线及潮滩变迁遥感调查

利用多期遥感数据，对浙江省东部象山港一带近30 a来的海岸线及潮滩变迁状况进行了调查与监测。结果表明，该区淤泥质海滩发育，海岸类型以淤泥质为主，岸线在1986～1996年间有较大变化，外迁宽度最大达1 700 m，1996年以后基本进入稳定状态。潮滩发育具有差异性。     

黄山世界地质公园

位于安徽省黄山市境内,面积160．6平方公里。包括温泉、玉屏、北海、云谷、松谷、钓桥、洋湖、浮溪、福固等九个游览区。地质公园以花岗岩峰林地貌为主要特征,兼有形状不一的造型石、第四纪冰川遗迹、水体景观、珍稀动植物等典型的地质遗迹和丰富的生态资源。     

Glacial mapping using landsat thematic mapper data: A case study in parts of gangotri glacier, NW himalaya

Glacial mapping is difficult and hazardous because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of the terrain. In this context, remotely-sensed data from satellites provide valuable information on glaciers and the associated landforms. It is important to note that judicious selection of spectral bands is critical in mapping the glacial features. Glacial landforms in parts of Gangotri glacier, NW Himalaya, have been delineated using selected bands of Landsat Thematic Mapper Data. Digital image processing of Landsat data has helped in identifying the major features of the Gangotri glacier such as accumulation and ablation zones, and glacial moraines. The study shows that Thematic Mapper bands 4, 5 and 7 are more useful in snow mapping because of their distinct spectral discriminability in identifying the glacial features.     

Remote sensing of alpine glaciers in visible and infrared wavelengths: a survey of advances and prospects

Remote sensing is an efficient tool for temporal monitoring of inaccessible alpine glacial terrain. This study discusses the methods of remote sensing in visible and infrared (IR) wavelengths, which are helpful in providing important information about alpine glaciers. The scope of this study covers recent advances and prospects in optical and thermal remote sensing of glacier facies, glacier velocity, mass balance, glacial hazards and automated mapping techniques. The technology is ever evolving with the advent of new remote sensors capturing data in visible/IR wavelengths and better digital computing technology. An extensive list of significant studies further helps the reader to explore a particular topic of interest. We survey recent advances in this field and additionally highlight the emerging prospects.     

Classification of glacial lakes using integrated approach of DFPS technique and gradient analysis using Sentinel 2A data

It is important to identify and locate glacial lakes for assessing any potential hazard. This study presents a combination of semi-automatic method Double-Window Flexible Pace Search (DFPS) and edge detection technique to identify glacial lakes using Sentinel 2A satellite data. Initially, Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) has been used to identify water and non-water areas, while DFPS and Edge detection technique has been used to identify an optimum threshold value to distinguish between water and shadow areas. The optimal threshold from DFPS process is 0.21, while threshold value of gradient magnitude using edge detection process is 0.318. The number of glacial lakes identified using the above algorithm is in close agreement with previously published results on glacial lakes in Gangotri glacier using different techniques. Thus, a combination of DFPS and edge detection process has successfully segregated glacial lakes from other features present in Gangotri glacier.     

High Resolution TerraSAR-X Image Speckle Suppression and its Fusion with Multispectral IRS LISS –III Data for Himalayan Glacier Feature Extraction

In this study an attempt is made for studying the Himalayan glacier features using TerraSAR-X and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, Linear Imaging Self Scanning System III (IRS LISS –III) images. New generation, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data from TerraSAR-X (TS-X) sensor provide opportunity for glacier feature studies in Himalayan rugged terrain. Spot Light High resolution mode TS-X data give idea about glacial features which remained untraceable from other existing SAR system. However, presence of speckle noise in SAR images degrades the interpretability of the glacier features. Speckle suppression filters (Lee, Frost, Enhanced Lee, Gamma-Map) are applied on SAR intensity images. On the basis of field sight seeing and insitu observations it is observed that still features are not clear. Hence attempt has been made for fusing multitemporal multispatial speckle reduced TS-X SAR data and multispectral IRS LISS-III data for extracting the glacial features such as crevasses, exposed ice and superaglacier lakes. Principal component analysis (PCA) represents the high spectral resolution data in a linear subspace with minimum information loss. Herein, PCA based image fusion technique is adopted for this study and comparison is made between IHS fusion technique and PCA based technique for glacier studies in the Himalayan region.     

遥感和GIS在冰湖溃决洪水中的应用研究

近年来随着全球气候变暖和冰川退缩,以及人类在高海拔地区活动的增多,冰湖溃决洪水灾害呈增加趋势。由于遥感和GIS技术的众多优势,使其在冰湖溃决洪水研究方面得到广泛应用。首先对冰湖溃决洪水及其研究做简单介绍,然后从冰川、冰湖空间数据获取,冰湖溃决评价指标获取,冰湖溃决洪水模拟和DEM的建立及应用4个方面对遥感和GIS在冰湖溃决洪水研究中的应用进行综述,最后指出,目前遥感和GIS在冰湖溃决洪水应用中的不足,为进一步研究和应用指明了方向。     

基于Landsat8 OLI遥感影像冰湖边界分类叠加提取

青藏高原特殊的地理及其气候环境适合冰湖变化研究。传统的方法由于受到冻湖、冰川以及山体的阴影的影响,提取冰湖边界时会出现大量的错分和误分。本文基于NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index,水体指数法)、DEM(数字高程模型)、RGI(Randolph Glacier Inventory)6.0全球冰川编目数据提出针对不同状态下的冰湖边界提取的分类叠加提取方法。结果表明,分类叠加提取方法能够实现未结冰、半结冰以及全结冰三种状态下的冰湖边界提取,并且能减少冰川以及山体阴影的影响,使用该方法提取三种状态下的冰湖的错分和漏分误差均小于2%且Kappa系数均大于0.81。     

利用SBAS-InSAR技术反演雅鲁藏布江色东普流域灾前冰川形变

本文基于30景Sentinel-1影像,首先采用SBAS-InSAR技术反演了2018年4-10月雅鲁藏布江色东普流域灾前冰川形变,并利用非冰雪覆盖的基岩区形变结果进行可靠性检验,得出均方根误差为9 mm,表明SBAS-InSAR技术应用于冰川形变监测具有较高的可靠性。然后分析了升降轨数据对不同坡向形变监测的敏感性,以及冰川碎屑流灾害发生前冰川形变的空间分布与时间演化特征。结果表明,冰川运动的主流线在东西坡交汇的中轴部,研究区平均形变量达-34.8 mm。在典型剖面上,随着海拔逐渐降低,冰川形变呈先缓慢减少,后快速增加,再缓慢减少的趋势,平均形变量为-50.1 mm。冰川碎屑流灾害发生前冰川形变已有明显的加速趋势,可为冰川灾害早期识别提供科学的数据支持。     

Reconstruction of the moraine dammed lake,based on field evidence and paleo-history,Samudra Tapu Glacier,Chandra Basin,Himachal Pradesh

Peri-glacial studies of the Samudra Tapu glacier reveal three stages of well preserved moraines which are also marked by fluvial overprinting. The signatures of fluvial outwashes over the otherwise morainal deposits have been utilized in estimating the extent of palaeo-lake in the valley of Samudra Tapu glacier of the Chandra basin. Distance and thickness of snout of the glacier and its morainal deposits is estimated by the Laser Range Finder. With the change in the position of the snout there is a change in the extent and orientation of the lake. Recent expedition to the glacier confirms this process to be continuing. The study is important in reconstructing formation of the lake with respect to snout position of the glacier. Based on ground truth, fast melting of the snout is confirmed from year 2004 onwards, with the development of fresh end/terminal moraine. The study reveals that the snout region of the Samudra Tapu glacier is thinning and retreating at an alarming rate and is enlarging the lake extent. The development of fresh terminal moraine has the potential to impound the fast melting glacial waters which in turn can pose serious threat to the downstream regions of the Chandra valley.     

Problems of bias in mapping linear landforms from satellite imagery

Remotely sensed images are an important data source for the mapping of glacial landforms and the reconstruction of past glacial environments. However the results produced can differ depending on a wide range of factors related to the type of sensors used and the characteristics of the landforms being mapped. This paper uses a range of satellite imagery to explore the three main sources of variation in the mapped results: relative size, azimuth biasing and landform signal strength. Recommendations include the use of imagery illuminated with low solar elevation, although an awareness of the selective bias introduced by solar azimuth is necessary. Landsat ETM+ imagery meets the requirements for glacial landform mapping and is the recommended data source. However users may well have to consider alternative data in the form of SPOT, Landsat TM or Landsat MSS images. Digital elevation models should also be considered a valuable data source.     

基于DEM的USLE土壤侵蚀方程地形因子获取与分析

坡长和坡度是研究水土流失问题中必须要考虑的重要地形因子,坡长的空间分布特征和规律、地貌发育对坡长的影响,以及坡长与坡度之间的关系,是研究水土流失、侵蚀规律的重要条件之一。利用GIS以及相关软件为平台,在黑龙江省通河地区建立USLE水土流失方程模型,研究LS因子在水土流失中的影响以及作用,并探讨DEM数据分辨率变化对LS值的影响。