分形和混沌理论在天体物理中的应用

本文对当前应用日益广泛的非线性科学的两个重要分支－分形和混沌动力系统理论－作概述性的介绍，并简介弛这两种非线性方法在天体物理应用的重要结果，特别强调一些于体物理中典型的分形和混沌现象，诸如星系大尺度结构和星系动力学。     

分形和混沌理论在太阳物理学中的应用

本文对非线性科学的两修发支－分形和混沌－在太阳物理学中的应用情况作了综述，主要内容包括；太阳活动混沌性的揭示；对太阳活动混沌的可能解释－太阳非线性发电机；一些太阳现象的分形描述；耀斑的自组织临界行为研究。最后给出了作者对这一领域工作前景的展望。     

分形和混沌理论在太阳物理学中的应用

本文对非线性科学的两个重要分支－分形和混沌－在太阳物理学中的应用情况作了综述，主要内容包括：太阳活动混沌性的揭示；对太阳活动混沌性的可能解释－太阳非线性发电机理论；一些太阳现象的分形描述；耀斑的自组织临界行为研究。最后给出了作者对这一领域工作前景的展望。     

太阳物理学中的分形和混沌

对非线性科学的两个重要分支；分形和混沌在太阳物理学中的应用情况作了综述信要内容包括；太阳活动混沌性的揭示；对太阳活动混沌性的可能解释－太阳非线性发电机理论；一些太阳现象的分形描述；耀斑的自组织临界行为研究，最后给出了作者对这一领域工作前景的展望。     

主成分分法在天体物理中的应用

主成分分析法是从观测数据中获取主要信息的一种多种变量统计方法，它用数目少得多的新主代会原有观测量，以寻找原观测量之间的相互关系，且不损失原始数据的主要信息，尤其是对于大样本，多参量情况，该方法更为简捷而有效，目前，主成分分析法被广泛应用于三体物诸多研究领域中,介绍了主成分分法的原理和它在天体物理和它在天体物理中的广泛应用。     

非理想效应的冷密气体状态方程及其在天体物理中的应用

On the basis of the theory of the grand-canonical ensemble, we have developed a grand-canonical approach in the 'chemical picture" for the equation of state. The approach defines atomic configuration probabilities and gives a conservation equation for the electron number for calculating the occupation numbers of atoms and molecules. The approach also incorporates the perturbations caused by plasma interactions in cool-dense gases into the equation of state formulation and gives the resulting nonidca) terms of thcrmodynamic properties. The resulting formulae have been applied to the study of the properties of cool-dense plasmas and standard solar models. The phase transitions of high temperature plasmas and the influences of pressure ionization effects through solar interior opacities on solar models have been investigated.     

短脉冲激光在实验室天体物理方面的研究进展

随着啁啾脉冲放大技术(Chirped Pulse Amplification,CPA)的飞速发展,激光功率密度实现了飞跃式的提升,利用短脉冲激光开展实验室天体物理研究的条件日趋成熟.短脉冲激光与靶相互作用可以产生相对论粒子(正负电子、质子、中子等)和高能电磁辐射(X射线、γ射线),这些粒子和辐射的产生过程与天体中的某些...     

天文教育Ⅰ:万有引力与天体物理

分别从物理学和天文学角度引申出天体物理学科,特别关注万有引力在其中扮演的关键角色.无论在综合性大学亦或理工科院校,天文教育均有益于提高学生的科学和人文素养,而天体物理则是天文学的主要内涵.介绍了作者讲授"天体物理"课程的相关信息以及个人认识.最后,以大气簇射μ子产生、啾质量、宇宙加速膨胀等教学案例结束,侧面诠释了作者的"天体物理"教育理念.     

天文教育I: 万有引力与天体物理

分别从物理学和天文学角度引申出天体物理学科, 特别关注万有引力在其中扮演的关键角色. 无论在综合性大学亦或理工科院校, 天文教育均有益于提高学生的科学和人文素养, 而天体物理则是天文学的主要内涵. 介绍了作者讲授``天体物理''课程的相关信息以及个人认识. 最后, 以大气簇射mu子产生、啾质量、宇宙加速膨胀等教学案例结束, 侧面诠释了作者的``天体物理''教育理念.     

Chaos in cosmic ray air showers

Unexpected chaotic features are found in time series of arrival time intervals of successive air showers with (E > 3 × 10¹⁴ eV). Over 99 % of air shower arrival time intervals obey the Poisson distribution law representing stochastic behaviors, but occasionally there are air showers showing real chaotic behaviors as distinguished from both random and colored noises. With two systems of the Kinki university installations, we found 13 cases showing chaotic time series in 3.36 yr with the system-1 and the 1.37 yr with the system-2. Five out of 10 chaotic air showers of the Kinki installation are detected during the same time zone also by the Osaka City university installation which is at 115 km distance from the Kinki one. In a remarkable example of September 19, 1991, the correlation dimension was observed to have dropped from about 4 to the minimum of 1.3 and recovered smoothly in about 38 h. The chaos structure in this case is detected in nearly the same time zone at the Ohya station of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, which is separated from the Kinki one by 460 km. Formation of chaos structure due to energetic cosmic ray dust particles is suggested. Progress of cosmic ray physics may be expected with the study of air showers marked with chaos.     

分形图象模拟及生成

本文对一门新兴的图象学分支－分形图象学的基本内容作简单介绍。对分形图象模拟及生成的一般技巧和方法作了阐述。依据这些方法，给出了在计算机上实现的六个典型分形图模拟及生成的结果。本文同时对分形图象模拟及生成在天文学中的可能应用作了讨论     

Chaos formation by sublimation of volatile-rich substrate: Evidence from Galaxias Chaos, Mars

Galaxias Chaos deviates significantly from other chaotic regions due to the lack of associated outflow channels, lack of big elevation differences between the chaos and the surrounding terrain and due to gradual trough formation.A sequence of troughs in different stages is observed, and examples of closed troughs within blocks suggest that the trough formation is governed by a local stress field rather than a regional stress field. Moreover, geomorphic evidence suggests that Galaxias Chaos is capped by Elysium lavas, which superpose an unstable subsurface layer that causes chaotic tilting of blocks and trough formation.Based on regional mapping we suggest a formation model, where Vastitas Borealis Formation embedded between Elysium lavas is the unstable subsurface material, because gradual volatile loss causes shrinkage and differential substrate movement. This process undermines the lava cap, depressions form and gradually troughs develop producing a jigsaw puzzle of blocks due to trough coalescence.Observations of chaos west of Elysium Rise indicate that this process might have been widespread along the contact between Vastitas Borealis Formation and Elysium lavas. However, the chaotic regions have probably been superposed by Elysium/Utopia flows to the NW of Elysium Rise, and partly submerged with younger lavas to the west.     

The Schwarzschild Problem in Astrophysics

The Schwarzschild problem (the two-body problem associated to apotential of the form A/r + B/r³ has been qualitativelyinvestigated in an astrophysical framework, exemplified by two likelysituations: motion of a particle in the photogravitational field ofan oblate, rotating star, or in that of a star which generates aSchwarzschild field. Using McGehee-type transformations, regularizedequations of motion are obtained, and the collision singularity isblown up and replaced by the collision manifold (a torus)pasted on the phase space. The flow on is fullycharacterized. Then, reducing the 4D phase space to dimension 2, theglobal flow in the phase plane is depicted for all possible values ofthe energy and for all combinations of nonzero A and B. Eachphase trajectory is interpreted in terms of physical motion,obtaining in this way a telling geometric and physical picture of themodel.     

灾变理论在太阳物理和天体物理其他研究领域中的应用

叙述和介绍了太阳爆发的磁通量绳灾变理论和模型的发展过程,强调了建立这样的模型所需要的观测基础。讨论了由模型所预言的爆发磁结构的几个重要特征以及观测结果对这种预言的证实。在此模型的基础上,讨论了一个典型的爆发过程中所出现的不同现象及它们之间的相互关系。最后,介绍了作者的一项最新尝试:将太阳爆发的灾变理论和模型应用到对黑洞吸积盘间歇性喷流的理论研究当中,以及研究所取得的初步结果。     

天体物理学中动力学研究的计算机模拟

简要介绍了计算机模拟的基本原理和方法 ,以及数值模拟计算在天体物理学中的主要应用结果和前景