地图符号的认知语义分析与动态生成

面向位置服务背景下地图符号按需和动态表达的需求,提出了一种基于认知语义分析的地图符号结构化描述模型,以及建立在此基础上的地图符号动态生成方法。结构化描述模型立足"现实—认知—符号"的认知语义原理,以地图符号语素为基本单元、以语义结构为描述框架,侧重描写符号图形和语义之间的关联映射机制。动态生成方法的核心是一种规则控制语素组合构造符号的上下文无关文法模型,通过对图形语素、形态结构语素以及符号生成规则系统进行建模,重构了地图符号动态生成的文法编译器。以个性化导航路径符号为例,通过面向不同情境和语义结构的符号动态生成试验,验证了本文方法的可行性。本文研究将有助于进一步理解地图符号的认知和结构原理,并促进相关行业和应用领域地图符号化的按需和动态表达的水平。     

制图综合方根规律模型的分形扩展

本文分析了方根规律存在的问题，运用分形理论，研究了有关要素数量指标随比例尺变化的规律，并建立了顾及要素自身形态及分布特征的方根规律分形扩展模型，从理论上，为科学、客观地进行制图综合的数量选取开辟了一条新的途径。本文最后还给出了若干要素选取的具体方法和所提出模型的应用实例     

LOD技术与制图综合在多尺度地图适时显示中的应用研究

多尺度地图适时显示是电子地图可视化过程中的瓶颈问题,在这一领域人们已经探索出不少行之有效的方法。本文将一种三维场景复杂程度控制技术———LOD技术,结合传统的制图综合技术,用于电子地图可视化。通过对地理要素分类建立LOD模型,其中地理要素的分类方法,以及LOD层次参数的设定,综合算法的选取等提出一些理论依据,旨在为电子地图可视化提供一个标准和数学依据。并已通过《深圳市龙岗电子地图集》制作项目的实践,初步实践了这一技术结合。     

基于CAD数据生产ArcGIS制图数据的研究与应用

研究基于1∶2 000 AutoCAD地形图数据生产ArcGIS制图数据的技术方法和流程,尽可能利用现有的CAD数据资源和现有的软件,减少制图数据编辑的重复工作,并在厦门市1∶2 000 ArcGIS制图数据生产中应用,实践表明这是一种较为实用、快捷的方法。     

THE CURRENT STATUS OF BATHYMETRIC MAPPING

A review article on world bathymetric mapping activity over the last quarter century from a Soviet perspective provides information about Soviet mapping programs of the deep sea and continental shelf. In addition, it addresses a number of methodological issues in bathymetric mapping which are attributed to the lag between advances in practical mapping activity and the development of cartographic theory—the selection of isobath intervals and appropriate scales for different sea floor features and intended map uses, and the proper use of layer tinting and other graphic techniques to depict variations in water depth without obscuring details of submarine topography. Translated from: Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, seriya 7 [geologiya, geografiya], 1987, No. 2, pp. 62-71.     

利用IKONOS立体像对提取DEM精度的实验

由于IKONOS不提供基于共线模型所需的卫星星历参数,而提供基于有理函数(RPC)的近似模型,因此点位精度和高程精度主要由RPC模型精度来决定。直接使用RPC模型对标准几何校正产品进行DEM提取,这种精度不能满足高精度制图的要求。本文讨论了基于IKONOS立体像对提取翠华山地区的DEM及其精度情况。为提高精度,采用高精度GPS仪(Mobile Mapper CX高程精度达亚米级)野外采集控制点,对RPC模型进行修正。对比分析结果表明DEM精度明显提高,仅需少量的控制点,DEM和正射影像均满足15∶000比例尺地形图和遥感平面制图要求。     

模糊集合论用于制图综合中地图物体选取结构模型的研究

地图物体选取的定额模型和结构模型对机助制图综合和地图数据库专家系统中是缺一不可的。结构模型是在选取定额数量的控制下,解决具体选取那些物体,而研究某物体的选取须考虑的因素甚多,並且其间关系是隐会的,普遍存在模糊性。因而采用传统的二值逻辑来处理会既麻烦又损失较多的制图信息。本文以河流选取为例,用模糊集合理论对其建立结构模型进行初步探讨,并用简单样图说明方法和步骤。     

以直角方式转折的面状要素图形简化方法

讨论了面状要素图形轮廓简化的一些规则以及面的空间知识获取方法,结合以直角方式转折的面状要素图形轮廓的特点,重点讨论了其图形渐进式简化方法。     

军事交通图数据库支持下的自动制图综合研究

本文以1:50万军事交通图数据库为基础,探讨并研究了数据库支持下的自动制图综合的理论,方法和实施过程:重点研究了地图内容的选取、线状要素的化简和重迭要素的移位问题;尤其是对图形要素的移位,做了较为详细的分析,提出了检查线状要素之间图形重迭的方法及自动移位的具体措施,并给出了用于程序运行的一些详细算法。     

地图模型的研究

讨论了地图模型的实质,对地图模型的直观性、一览性、抽象性、概括性、可量测性、几何精确性、合成性、几何相似性、地理一致性、单义性、连续性、艺术性等认识论特性和表现形式的多样性、存储量的巨大性、信息传输性、信息多维动态性等信息论特性进行了重点分析了,并阐述了地图模型对计算机制图和地图分析应用的研究意义。     

Terrain characterization using SRTM data

Earth’s surface possesses relief because the geomorphic processes operate at different rates, and geologic structure plays a dominant role in the evolution of landforms (Thornbury, 1954). The spatial pattern of relief yields the topographic mosaic of a terrain and is normally extracted from the topographical maps which are available at various scales. As cartographic abstractions are scale dependent, topographical maps are rarely good inputs for terrain analysis. Currently, the shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) provides one of the most complete, highest resolution digital elevation model (DEM) of the Earth. It is an ideal data-set for precise terrain analysis and topographic characterization in terms of the nature of altimetric distribution, relief aspects, patterns of lineaments and surface slope, topographic profiles and their visualisation, correlation between geology and topography, hypsometric attributes and finally, the hierarchy of terrain sub-units. The present paper extracts the above geomorphic features and terrain character of part of the Chotonagpur plateau and the Dulung River basin therein using SRTM data.     

自动制图综合链理论与技术模型

为满足地图生产自动化和GIS中对自动制图综合的迫切需求,必须研究新的理论、方法和模型。在充分探讨制图综合现状和存在问题的基础上,系统研究自动制图综合链理论与技术,把抽象的制图综合操作过程化、任务化、步骤化,并把制图综合任务转化为计算机环境下自动执行与优化的可执行操作链,从而达到提高制图综合自动化、智能化水平的目的。     

CASS2008与2007版地形图图式的统一性研究

2007版图式在1995版的基础上做了比较大的变化。作为测绘工程上常用的成图软件,CASS的最新版本——CASS2008的更新没有完全与图式的变化相适应。为了解决该问题,本文对比了CASS2008和新版地形图图式的不同之处,以此为基础对修改方法进行了探讨。实践表明,本文采用的方法简单易行,能够满足实际测绘成图的需要。     

Teaching Mapping for Digital Natives: New Pedagogical Ideas for Undergraduate Cartography Education

The current generation of US students engaging with cartography has always had some form of access to computing technologies. Further, this generation has always known a world with networked computer capabilities – the Internet and World Wide Web. Their experience of cartography is largely through fleeting representations shown on a variety of display screens, thereby encountering information differently than most of their instructors. Teaching cartography to these “digital natives” consequently challenges teachers to engage increasing levels of experience and knowledge of technology while assuring fundamental understanding of cartographic concepts and analysis techniques.

Although GIS is used in a vast range of fields, we believe many students are discouraged from programs and courses oriented towards educating cartographic specialists. However, general interest in mapping has never been as significant a part of American culture as it is today. In spite of accessible modes of digital mapping now widely available, introducing cartographic fundamentals retains great significance for undergraduate cartography education. In this paper we present a new pedagogical model for undergraduate cartography education that introduces students finding curiousity in mapping, but lacking desire to become cartographic specialists, to mapping. This model enables undergraduate students to learn fundamentals and begin to reflect critically on the concepts and techniques of modern cartography. Our example stems from a class that systematically addresses barriers to learning and mapping through active-learning based approaches in an interactive classroom. The active-learning approach involves significant engagements with the potentials and challenges of modern cartography in the information age by embracing inquiry-based pedagogical methods and learning with and about mapping.     

线状地图要素的自相似性分析及其自动综合

通过线状地图要素的自相似性分析和分维估值，研究了线状地图要素的形状结构特征随量测尺度和比例尺变化的规律，并在此基础上，提出了旨在使综合过程自适应进行和保持图形形状特征的线状要素自动综合的方法。     

GIS数据用于制图生产信息模型的建立与实现

分析了GIS数据应用于制图生产的可用性及非适应性,从地图概念化和制定制图数据需求出发,提出了基于GIS数据建立制图生产的信息模型,并应用于制图生产过程,为制图者提供从数据库到制图的更多实现方法。     

Representation and its Relationship with Cartographic Visualization

A research agenda is presented which addresses the current role and potential of map displays. By considering the geospatial data used in visualization, the form and design of maps, the purposes for which map displays are created, the nature of the map user community, and the technology employed to visualize geospatial data, a thorough overview of the nature of cartographic visualization is given. Under the same themes, and sourced in cartographic tradition, cartographic practice and technological opportunities, a series of possible research avenues are highlighted. The important links between representation and the user interface, map user cognition and the geospatial database are stressed.     

自适应地图可视化系统中用户模型构建与匹配算法研究

为增强自适应地图可视化系统中用户模型构建和匹配的准确性,提出四元组交互用户模型及基于概率的相似度匹配算法.该模型充分考虑了自适应地图可视化系统中的"人""机"交互特征,能更加全面反映用户在使用自适应地图可视化系统时的特征.详细地介绍概率的相似度匹配算法的基本思想和实现过程.最后进行实例验证.实例证明,所提出的用户模型构...     

地图的信息表达与美学思维

长期以来人们偏重于地图的技术研究,导致地图的艺术研究进程落后于技术研究进程。近几年这种情况虽有改善,但对于地图的美学问题研究还是相对偏少。本文从地图的信息表达与美学思维角度出发,从地图的语言、技术、文化及创新4个方面探讨了地图与美学思维融合的问题,并提出了地图学与美学相结合的地图美学论,以期得到适合地图的美学设计。     

数字环境下制图综合若干问题的探讨

分析了数字环境下制图综合的特点，探讨了有关的理论和方法，并对自动化制图综合过程中面临的一些问题提出对策。