Geo‐Social Model: A Conceptual Framework for Real‐time Geocollaboration

Synchronous geocollaboration helps geographically dispersed people to work together in a shared geospatial environment. Its real‐time nature, multiple users' interaction and diversity of work context impose some special social, organizational and technological requirements, making the development of such real‐time geocollaboration systems a challenging task. A conceptual framework is therefore needed to specify and describe what synchronous geocollaboration is, considering its social, spatial and technical aspects. The geo‐social model presented in this article describes a conceptual framework for synchronous geocollaboration systems addressing the above aspects, identifies the core elements of the system and describes how these elements collaborate with each other. This model is presented using application‐level ontology and is then applied to a multi‐agent system based prototype in which multiple users can interact and negotiate in a shared 3D geospatial environment.     

地理信息服务网络与协同研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

互联网与大数据技术的高速发展为地理信息服务的互联共享与广泛应用提供了技术基础。面对资源海量、多源异构的地理信息服务,如何实现服务的有效组织并提供合理高效的服务组合,拓展地理信息服务的应用范围,满足更高层次的应用需求受到研究者的广泛关注。构建地理信息服务网络并通过语义实现服务协同,是一种可能的解决方案。本文分析了当前地理信息服务和地理信息服务网络研究的现状,依据服务网络领域的研究成果,从服务网络的表达和优化、服务协同的构建和优化两个方面探讨了基于网络构建的地理信息服务协同方法的发展潜力,进而提出了地理信息服务网络及协同面临的挑战与研究方向。     

地理空间数据库联动更新技术

以浙江省地理空间数据交换平台多比例尺、跨行业的地理空间数据整合与更新为背景,介绍了地理空间数据库的联动更新模式,描述了多比例尺数据的级联更新和跨行业数据的协同更新两种模式,以及支撑联动更新的两大关键技术,即实体级增量更新和地理实体编码。联动更新技术在浙江省地理空间数据交换平台的运用与相关机制的建立,对提高平台各类空间数据的更新效率和数据一致性提供了技术保证。     

Cartography-Oriented Design of 3D Geospatial Information Visualization – Overview and Techniques

In economy, society and personal life map-based interactive geospatial visualization becomes a natural element of a growing number of applications and systems. The visualization of 3D geospatial information, however, raises the question how to represent the information in an effective way. Considerable research has been done in technology-driven directions in the fields of cartography and computer graphics (e.g., design principles, visualization techniques). Here, non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) represents a promising visualization category – situated between both fields – that offers a large number of degrees for the cartography-oriented visual design of complex 2D and 3D geospatial information for a given application context. Still today, however, specifications and techniques for mapping cartographic design principles to the state-of-the-art rendering pipeline of 3D computer graphics remain to be explored. This paper revisits cartographic design principles for 3D geospatial visualization and introduces an extended 3D semiotic model that complies with the general, interactive visualization pipeline. Based on this model, we propose NPR techniques to interactively synthesize cartographic renditions of basic feature types, such as terrain, water, and buildings. In particular, it includes a novel iconification concept to seamlessly interpolate between photorealistic and cartographic representations of 3D landmarks. Our work concludes with a discussion of open challenges in this field of research, including topics, such as user interaction and evaluation.     

展望大数据时代的地球空间信息学

20世纪90年代,随着全球信息化和互联网的推进,地球空间信息学应运而生,推动了数字地球和数字城市的建设。21世纪以来,随着全球信息化与工业化的高度集成发展,出现了物联网和云计算,人类进入了大数据时代。本文论述大数据时代地球空间信息学的特点(无所不在、多维动态、互联网+网络化、全自动与实时化、从感知到认知、众包与自发地理信息、面向服务)和必须解决的主要关键技术问题(全球空天地一体化的非线性地球参考框架构建技术、星基导航增强技术、天地一体化网络通信技术、多源成像数据在轨处理技术、天基信息智能终端服务技术、天基资源调度与网络安全、基于载荷的多功能卫星平台设计与研制)。本文最后给出大数据时代地球空间信息学的新定义,即地球空间信息学是用各种手段和集成各种方法对地球及地球上的实体目标(physical objects)和人类活动(human activities)进行时空数据采集、信息提取、网络管理、知识发现、空间感知认知和智能位置服务的一门多学科交叉的科学和技术。从这个新定义出发,地球空间信息学将在构建智慧地球和智慧城市的大数据时代面临更多的发展机遇和艰巨的任务,必将为人类社会的进步和可持续发展作出更大的贡献。     

虚拟地理环境的地理学语言特征

在比较分析传统地图和GIS的地理学语言功能基础上,指出了虚拟地理环境对现实世界抽象表达的多维特征、多视点和多重细节的多模态可视表现、多种自然交互方式和跨时间、空间与尺度的地理协同以及多感知的空间认知能力等。说明虚拟地理环境提供了一种综合表意系统和更接近自然的多感知的空间认知能力,使得从现实世界到人类大脑的信息带宽最大化,提供了超越现实的抽象表示与解析理解能力,达到了增强现实的目的。虚拟地理环境作为继GIS之后新一代地理学语言的显著特征是以用户为中心、提供最接近人类自然的交流方式与表达形式。     

全国警用空间信息服务互联互通的关键技术

针对大型空间信息服务平台构建过程中的数据互联互通和信息集成问题,从集成框架体系结构、技术路线和关键技术3个方面进行研究,提出了分布式地理空间信息集成框架的5层体系结构模型和原子空间信息服务概念;通过研究分布式空间查询路由算法和虚拟四叉树模型等关键技术,探索实现分布式环境下的空间信息的互联互通。     

云环境下的时空实体模型研究

在地理空间框架升级为时空信息云平台过程中,不仅面临着信息量、支撑技术和应用模式的提档升级,还面临着数据组织模式、管理模式以及应用模式等方面的挑战。在综合考虑人类认知、云计算特征以及地理空间框架现状的基础上,本文提出了时空实体对象化模型,依托行为与事件,实现几何、属性以及时态的一体化建模,并探讨了以地名地址为实体单元的地理空间框架实体化重构步骤,以期更好地满足云环境下的存储、管理以及服务要求。     

地理空间元数据可视化设计及关键技术研究

依据信息可视化技术的特点,研究地理空间元数据单要素和多要素可视化方法;构建地理空间元数据可视化的设计流程和逻辑模型,分析影响可视化设计的主要因素及可视化技术的应用条件,并设计两个方面的交互方式;研究可视化实现的关键技术,包括数据的多层次组织和显示,基于空间特征的关联属性获取以及元数据的可视化映射。通过原型系统的实验,证明可视化模式的有效性。     

Towards a framework for geospatial tangible user interfaces in collaborative urban planning

The increasing complexity of urban planning projects today requires new approaches to better integrate stakeholders with different professional backgrounds throughout a city. Traditional tools used in urban planning are designed for experts and offer little opportunity for participation and collaborative design. This paper introduces the concept of geospatial tangible user interfaces (GTUI) and reports on the design and implementation as well as the usability of such a GTUI to support stakeholder participation in collaborative urban planning. The proposed system uses physical objects to interact with large digital maps and geospatial data projected onto a tabletop. It is implemented using a PostGIS database, a web map server providing OGC web services, the computer vision framework reacTIVision, a Java-based TUIO client, and GeoTools. We describe how a GTUI has be instantiated and evaluated within the scope of two case studies related to real world collaborative urban planning scenarios. Our results confirm the feasibility of our proposed GTUI solutions to (a) instantiate different urban planning scenarios, (b) support collaboration, and (c) ensure an acceptable usability.     

Fundamental aspects of access control for geospatial data

Abstract

In recent years, geographical information systems have been employed in a wide variety of application domains, and as a result many research efforts are being devoted to those upcoming problems. Geospatial data security, especially access control, has attracted increased research interests within the academic community. The tendency towards sharing and interoperability of geospatial data and applications makes it common to acquire and integrate geospatial data from multiple organisations to accomplish a complex task. Meanwhile, many organisations have the requirement for securing access to possessed sensitive or proprietary geospatial data. In this heterogeneous and distributed environment, consistent access control functionality is crucial to promote controlled accessibility. As an extension of general access control mechanisms in the IT domain, the mechanism for geospatial data access control has its own requirements and characteristics of granularity and geospatial logic. In this paper, we address several fundamental aspects concerning the design and implementation of an access control system for geospatial data, including the classification, requirements, authorisation models, storage structures and management approaches for authorisation rules, matching and decision-making algorithms between authorisation rules and access requests, and its policy enforcement mechanisms. This paper also presents a system framework for realising access control functionality for geospatial data, and explain access control procedures in detail.     

多源矢量空间数据融合处理技术研究进展

矢量空间数据既是人类社会与地理环境信息的重要组成部分,也是相关社会信息的重要载体,在国民经济和国防现代化建设中起着非常重要的作用。多源矢量空间数据融合处理技术是解决多源数据在几何位置、属性特征等方面不一致性问题的有效方法,近年来相关的技术和应用得到了深入发展。本文在分析二维矢量空间数据应用所面临问题的基础上,综述和评价了二维矢量空间数据几何特征融合、属性特征融合等相关理论、算法和技术的研究现状,并根据目前的研究展望了其理论和应用未来的重点研究方向。     

一种基于地形轮廓匹配的地理数据AR可视化新方法

地理数据的增强现实可视化技术,是地理信息科学可视化的一个重要的发展方向.作者针对结构特征明显的区域,初探了增强现实技术在地学可视化领域的应用.首先,分别提取视频影像数据的可视轮廓和DEM地形数据的水平轮廓,将两种地形轮廓匹配,实现地理数据的地理坐标系与视频影像的图像坐标系之间的配准,最后模拟了地理数据基于视频影像的AR...     

地理信息产业发展中政府引导策略的构成研究——以浙江省为例

当前地理信息产业正处于飞速发展的进程中。在构建服务型政府的宏观背景下,围绕产业发展中出现的新趋势,如何实现从管理到服务的转变是地理信息产业管理部门亟待解决的问题。本文以浙江省为例,从地理信息产业相关概念、定义及内涵的解析入手,在充分分析浙江省地理信息产业发展现状的基础上,针对目前全省产业发展中的瓶颈,重点从资源建设、产业监管、市场扶持等三个方面深入研究并提出了构建基于服务模式的政府引导策略的初步设想。     

全国水利普查空间信息系统的若干关键技术

针对全国水利普查中对象信息获取、数据资源管理、成果质量控制和项目组织实施等主要难题,提出了"基础数据支撑、数据模型先导、智能工具保障、技术管理融合"的总体技术路线,介绍了全国水利普查空间信息系统的面向对象水利数据建模、数字河流获取、规则约束采集处理、多主题数据应用等关键技术。     

顾及地理空间视角的区域SDGs综合评估方法与示范

目前世界各国正积极落实联合国《2030年可持续发展议程》及其17项可持续发展目标(Sustainable Development Goals,英文缩写为SDGs),重要举措之一是利用统计和地理信息进行SDGs进展评估监测。就总体而言,国内外这方面研究尚处于概念设计、方法探讨和单指标、小范围试点阶段。究其原因,主要是涉及因素众多、技术过程复杂,既面临全球指标体系的科学理解、海量时空数据的融合处理、顾及地理视角的指标计算、基于事实的SDGs分析评估等诸多技术难题,还要实现跨学科的综合分析、多机构的沟通协调等。针对这一国际前沿课题,笔者研究提出了统计和地理信息相结合的综合评估方法,完成了浙江省德清县践行2030议程情况的定量综合评估。既为总结当地践行SDGs经验、发现存在问题、制定改进方案提供了重要科学依据,也为国内外其他区域开展SDGs定量评估监测提供了可借鉴的方法与范例。     

User Assessment as Input for Useful Geospatial Representations within Mobile Location-Based Services

Mobile Location‐Based Services (mLBS) are an increasingly consumer‐based concept borne from, and continually driven by, technology‐centred development; as opposed to the needs of end users. Where users have been made a focus, the research generally concerns issues of overall system appearance, functionality, information content and interaction methods, with little emphasis on the component geospatial representations. This paper describes the initial stages of a research project aimed at filling this void through the application of a qualitative User‐Centred Design (UCD) methodology for optimising geospatial representations within mLBS applications, in order to support a selected user group: Australian ‘leisure‐based travellers’. Presented in this paper is an account of two UCD activities adopted for the research. The first, user profiling, served to define the target user population in terms of their technological, geospatial and travel experiences, using an online questionnaire. The second, user task analysis, involved in‐depth interviews with a subset of users in order to obtain a deeper understanding of the geospatial goals, tasks, needs and preferences within the population, as well as the range of user differences and variability in tasks present. An overall user assessment, through combined analysis of the two result sets, highlighted considerations for the ongoing research, including a set of specific implications for the design of alternative models for geospatial services, representations and interactions. The themes described in this paper represent an initial and necessary component of UCD, which has been largely overlooked in research relating to mLBS. Whilst the focus here is on a specific user group and context of use, it is envisaged that many of the concepts tested and ratified by the resulting models will be relevant to mLBS applications in general.     

地理空间信息数据分类与编码方案(英文)

为了实现跨部门、分布式、多源、多专业、多时相、多类型、海量异构地理空间信息数据的一体化组织和管理,根据我国资源环境与基础地理空间信息资源的特点及其应用的需求,参考各部门多年来在地理信息领域积累的分类及编码研究成果及标准,采用线分类的方法,设计了地理要素类的分类体系,并提出了一套基于要素类的统一的地理空间信息数据的编码方案。该方案具有一定的实用性,兼容性,稳定性、系统性和完整性,为我国地理信息的共享提供了支持。     

Geospatial Service Web: towards integrated cyberinfrastructure for GIScience

A geospatial cyberinfrastructure is needed to support advanced GIScience research and education activities. However, the heterogeneous and distributed nature of geospatial resources creates enormous obstacles for building a unified and interoperable geospatial cyberinfrastructure. In this paper, we propose the Geospatial Service Web (GSW) to underpin the development of a future geospatial cyberinfrastructure. The GSW excels over the traditional spatial data infrastructure by providing a highly intelligent geospatial middleware to integrate various geospatial resources through the Internet based on interoperable Web service technologies. The development of the GSW focuses on the establishment of a platform where data, information, and knowledge can be shared and exchanged in an interoperable manner. Theoretically, we describe the conceptual framework and research challenges for GSW, and then introduce our recent research toward building a GSW. A research agenda for building a GSW is also presented in the paper.