Geographic Information Systems for Risk Evaluation: Perspectives on Applications to Environmental Health

Geographic information system (GIS) applications for risk evaluation concerning environmental and ecological health are appearing with greater frequency. In this paper, we devise a conceptual framework for risk evaluation that encompasses and synthesizes several component frameworks (including risk scoping, risk communication, risk assessment (risk analysis), risk management, and risk monitoring) concerning environmental health, and hence human and ecological impacts. The purpose of devising the framework was to understand better where, when, and how GIS might be used for risk evaluation, and to identify gaps in knowledge requiring further research. An examination of 40 publications shows that most of the research done on the use of GIS for risk evaluation concerned applications in risk assessment rather than risk scoping, management, and risk monitoring. A four-level risk assessment framework is proposed, and criteria for evaluating the work are used to clarify what has been accomplished overall and where research opportunities exist. Future directions for the application of GIS in risk evaluation are suggested.     

天地图省、市、县分级节点电子地图数据融合的分析与实现——以浙江省嘉兴市为例

基于"天地图·嘉兴"省市级与市县级电子地图分级节点数据融合实施的必要性与实现方法,介绍了分级节点电子地图数据融合的技术路线和技术流程,可为天地图其他城市级节点电子地图数据融合工作提供参考。