Measuring the Size,Scope, and Location of Civil Society Organizations in Johannesburg's Food System

Food security civil society organizations (FSCSOs) are key institutional players in the Global South, yet researchers have not adequately examined their size, scope, or location within urban areas. To fill this gap, this article analyzes Johannesburg's FSCSOs using quantitative survey data and spatial analysis. Data findings suggest that FSCSOs’ resources are unevenly distributed across Johannesburg, with larger, privately resourced FSCSOs located in white suburbs and smaller, unstable, turnover-prone FSCSOs located in black townships and informal settlements. Overall, these data suggest that the city's network of FSCSOs is spatially polarized and weakest in areas where food insecurity is the greatest.     

Globalisation, Regionalisation and Local Voices: The Asian Development Bank and Rescaled Politics of Environment in the Mekong Region

Globalisation is manifested in the Mekong Region both through processes and discourses that reflect the ideology of a borderless world allowing easy passage of capital and commodities, and through resistance to such processes in an increasingly transnationalised civil society movement. However, more immediately significant supranational integrative agendas take the form of regionalisation, a process that has received less attention but which raises analogous concerns of re-scaled governance. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been a catalysing force for regionalisation amidst a host of regional processes and initiatives; as such it has found itself the object of critique as an institution and through the specific projects it has supported that have impacted on local communities and ecosystems. Meanwhile, local and NGO voices associated with the emergence of a vibrant civil society in Thailand and nascent civil society responses in neighbouring countries have challenged claims on resources made in the name of national development and regional integration.
This paper considers some key issues of re-scaling resource and environmental politics in the Mekong Region, and the extent to which challenges have been recast from national to regional development agendas. Politics of environment are shown to exist as a general rather than exceptional response to the region's development direction, and it is suggested that equitable and sustainable development increasingly needs to address simultaneously the re-scaling and reconfigurations of power in both environmental politics and the "infrapolitics" of environment. The paper is illustrated with case studies of dams in Laos and Thailand.     

城市行政中心区位选择与迁移类型 ——以深莞惠都市区为例

行政中心迁移作为重要行政决策,对城市发展战略和近期建设重心有显著影响作用。本文采用层次演进分析法,对珠三角东岸中心城市深圳、东莞和惠州进行行政中心的分布规律与影响要素实证研究。研究结果表明：我国行政中心概念出现演化,形成服务中心与配套设施逐步分离的需求;行政中心迁移可分为区域一体化发展、空间管治的驱动和新增长极的创造等类型。对珠三角深莞惠都市区城市行政中心迁移模式进行研究,结果显示：深圳选择行政中心跨区迁移,其迁移核心体现在与珠三角合作的区域一体化和深港同城化2个层面;东莞行政中心迁移源于空间管治驱动,以达成新旧中心城市功能的置换;惠州行政中心跨江迁移,为的是促进新城市增长极的形成。3种迁移模式的成功实现有助于探索都市区行政中心与经济中心的耦合互动发展路径,对我国都市区发展有借鉴和启示作用。     

Distancing Asylum Seekers from the State: Australia's evolving political geography of immigration and border control

Australia's border enforcement strategies and immigration control policies operate in distant geographies, concealed from human rights groups, media and the public. From offshore detention to militarised maritime defence operations, Australia's exclusion of asylum seekers is increasingly dependent upon geographical processes that ensure asylum seekers do not have access to the state's systems of protection. This article explores a critically overlooked geopolitical strategy of mobility regulation that relies on processes simultaneously expanding geographies of control, while contracting spaces of rights. The outcome of these rapidly evolving bordering practices is the exaggeration of the distance separating asylum seekers from the state, suspending them within a space devoid of an operational system of rights, and emphasising a new and restructured maritime legal geography.     

基于QQ农场式的全息市民农园开发构想——以珠海南旺生态园为例

采用跨学科研究法,运用文化学、社会学、城市学等学科的理论,全面剖析了网络版市民农园——QQ农场游戏风靡全国的深层次文化原因及现实依据.结果显示,其文化原因是人们对于田园生活的眷恋,而现实依据则是居住在环境日益恶化的城市居民对于现实生活的一种精神逃离.分析认为,市民农园的本质内涵为城乡文化的结合体,将网络游戏QQ农场现实...     

Another political ecology of civil society reflexiveness against urban industrial risks for environmental justice: The case of the Bisasar landfill,Durban, South Africa

The concerns of political ecology since its beginnings as a field have been predominantly set in rural areas with limited focus on urban industrial risks. Further, debates on the global South (often from Anglo‐American perspectives) have not fully appreciated the divergent and differentiated perceptions of urban risks and, therefore, everyday forms of resistance within civil society. Instead, work has mainly focused on civil society power relations against the state and industry that are driven by coherent populist political agendas. Against this setting, this paper's contribution aims to better contextualize ‘other’ third world localities in political ecology through a case study of urban industrial risks in the upper/middle income (as opposed to rural, low/lower middle income) country, South Africa. In doing so, the paper sheds light on the derelict aspect of civil society contestation, especially along class and ethnic lines, over urban landfill infrastructure as a livelihood resource or a health hazard. The paper draws upon frameworks of self‐reflexivity and reflexive localism as complementary to the mainstream political ecology to illuminate differentiated civil society reflexiveness and therefore, aims to advance the discussion of other political ecologies. The case study of the largest formal landfill site in Africa, the Bisasar landfill situated in Durban, highlights differences underlying power relations and constraints within civil society (in leadership, social networking, resources and mistrust) that have implications for mainstream political ecology notions of civil society coherence.     

柏林城市文脉与设计之都创意化道路

柏林的经济、文化事业发达,是世界的艺术中心、时尚设计中心,也是欧洲文学、媒体、音乐及科学的发展中心。柏林建设了完整的创意设计服务平台、国际推广的本土设计品牌、完善的创意人才培训体系等,以其深厚的文化底蕴实现了城市的创意化发展,并逐步成为国际文化创意的大熔炉。     

中国航空运输业与旅游业发展水平关系测度

近20 a来,中国航空运输业与旅游业均呈快速发展趋势,对两者关系的研究逐渐兴起。基于1985年以来中国航空旅客吞吐量和旅游人数的历史数据,采用面板VAR模型从全国和省域尺度定量分析了航空运输业与旅游业发展的关系。研究结果表明：中国航空运输业与旅游业的发展水平呈现出显著的时空相关性;在全国尺度上,两者发展呈现出长期均衡的关系,且航空运输业对旅游业发展的贡献率大于旅游业对航空运输业的贡献率;在省域尺度上,根据航空运输业与旅游业发展水平的相对关系,可将省份划分为高-高协调型、高-低磨合型、低-高磨合型、低-低协调型4种类型。     

南海《更路簿》“遗产化”的路径和机制

“遗产化”是一个动态复杂的社会过程。基于在海南省琼海、文昌两市的田野调查,采用“自上而下”和“自下而上”相融合的研究路径,分析手抄南海航行路线指南《更路簿》“遗产化”路径和影响机制,以及交织在其中的复杂社会关系和地方影响因素。研究表明：“他者”和海南渔民在《更路簿》“遗产化”过程中会产生相互作用,其作用力量强于“我者”;《更路簿》由渔民家庭内部相传的用于出海作业的“秘本”转为公共领域的具有主权物证价值的“文化遗产”,渔民被赋予了南海“发现者” “经营者”的身份标签;文物收集和文化活动推进了“遗产化”并使不同群体产生互动,“我者”可在“他者”开展的遗产工作中干预“他者”的遗产认知和行为方式;《更路簿》可转化为旅游资源,但尚未形成强有力的“卖点”带动旅游业,居民在利用其带来的经济机会方面处于弱势;“遗产化”有助于《更路簿》记忆的复现和保存,但渔民的“个体记忆”被削弱,也使地方文化结构被重构;《更路簿》在琼海的植根性和“遗产化”效果强于文昌。     

Geographies of Displacement: The Karenni and The Shan Across The Myanmar-Thailand Border

First, central to our analysis is the argument that human movement within and across borders fundamentally challenges the view of geopolitics based upon fixed territorial states, inter-state relations, national identities and citizenship; indeed the whole idea of "national geographic". Using the examples of the Karen and Shan peoples, we explore the processes and patterns of forced relocation, displacement and migration in the border regions of Myanmar and Thailand. Our main concern is with forced displacement as a result of political and ethnic conflict; specifically, how the Burmese military regime's desire for "national unity" within Myanmar's "national space" has influenced the militarily inspired displacements of hundreds of thousands of villagers and civilians within the border zones inhabited mostly by so-called "national minorities". We examine the particular problems of the so-called "internally displaced persons" within "national" boundaries compared with the "refugees" and "undocumented migrants" who make it across "international" space into Thailand. We illustrate the ways displaced people are represented by state agencies and the media as "threats" and "transgressors". We consider some of the "long term" aspects of the displacement problem along the Myanmar-Thai border and the vital contribution geographers can make to the study of displacement.     

Rural Local Economic Development and Land Restitution in South Africa: The Case of Schmidtsdrift,Northern Cape

Local Economic Development is (LED) an activity of increasing importance in the developing world as globalisation produces new roles for local governments. As compared to a growing number of urban initiatives for LED, rural LED initiatives are relatively undeveloped. In this paper, the focus is upon South Africa, where the post‐apartheid government has sought to encourage both urban and rural LED initiatives. Programmes of land reform and restitution in South Africa result in the resettlement or return to the land of communities formerly dispossessed under apartheid. A critical element of planning for successful resettlement is the implementation of LED programmes. Schmidtsdrift in Northern Cape is examined as an example of participatory LED in a developing rural context. Rural LED in South Africa is distinguished by its focus upon poverty alleviation in the context of addressing the legacies of apartheid.     

Transnational Corporations and Local Embeddedness: Company Case Studies from Shanghai,China

Many factors impinge on local involvement in transnational corporation (TNC) networks. Two factors have not been explored, the previous economic strength of local partners and the large domestic market. This study employs site interviews and survey data in Shanghai to demonstrate that these two factors do affect the local involvement in management, industrial linkages, and technology transfer. The paper discusses China's cultural and political background, TNC's market‐capture motive, and equity joint ventures as the most common entry modes. The influence appears more evident when the two factors come together in joint ventures. Evidence also suggests that the overall localization level in Shanghai is lower than in some other developing countries because of the novelty of TNC investment in the city. On this account, as joint ventures constitute the main mode of TNC investment, increasing localization is anticipated in the years ahead.     

长三角民用机场体系位序-规模分布及其作用机制

运用位序-规模法则,以1990-2019年长三角各民用机场客货运吞吐量为基础数据,对长三角民用机场位序-规模分布特征进行探讨,然后结合核密度估计方法对其作用机制进行分析,结果表明:长三角民用机场体系总体呈现明显的位序-规模分布特征,在不同阶段,不同机场位序-规模出现明显分化;基于客运的机场体系经历高度集中化、机场体系重...     

The Asymmetric Border: The United States’ Place in the World and the Refugee Panic of 2018

The year 2018 saw a moral panic in the United States in the media and among many citizens over the treatment of refugees/asylees at the U.S. southern border, particularly the separation and detention of children apart from their parents. This happened in the context of a period in U.S. political history in which “immigration,” without much discernment about different types of immigration, was central to political discourse. In fact, in terms of numbers, there was no immigration crisis at the border. Undocumented migration from Mexico across the southern border of the United States has been in decline for many years, and the irregular movement of people from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras is currently small by historical standards. The only crisis, to which the U.S. panic was a response, has been a human rights crisis. Families and children seeking asylum from horrendous civil‐rights conditions in their countries of origin were criminalized and denied their right to asylum hearings. The panic points both to the extreme politicization of immigration in the United States, particularly since Donald Trump's entry into national politics in 2015, and to popular confusion over categorizing different types of immigrants. But it also raises questions about the nature of the U.S. southern border in relation to the United States’ place in the world. Rather than thinking about the United States as simply the rich destination country of unfortunate people coming from poor origin countries, the refugee panic of 2018 brings into the focus the fact that the United States itself is complicit in the conditions in those countries that produce so many refugees in the first place.     

The Unbearable Closeness of The East: Embodied Micro-Economies of Difference,Belonging, and Intersecting Marginalities in Post-Socialist Berlin

Abstract

This article examines the micro-politics of belonging in the post-socialist outskirts of Berlin, in Marzahn, one of many new urban immigrant settlement areas in Europe. More specifically, it focuses on what locals perceive as an acceptance-precluding conspicuous presence of nominally white immigrants of German ancestry from the former Soviet Union, the Aussiedler (resettlers). Long-term residents read and interpret these immigrants’ everyday embodiments by constructing what I call micro-economies of embodied difference in order to mark immigrants as non-belonging Eastern-European. In order to make sense of such practices and local antipathy towards the Aussiedler, I analyze the embeddedness of this suburban locality in the regional politics of belonging, showing how Marzahn and its long-time residents have themselves become post-wall Berlin's (and Germany's) internal Others, saturated with uncommodifiable traces of now-denigrated state-socialist Easternness. I suggest that in such a context these residents’ practice of ascribing the unwanted Easternness to recent immigrants works to deflect it in order to buttress their own claims to full membership citizenship in the unified Germany from which they have long been excluded. [Key words: belonging, immigrants, embodied difference, Othering, Easternness, Berlin.]     

地方政府主导下的资本循环与城市化：以鄂尔多斯康巴什新区为例

以鄂尔多斯市康巴什新区为例,对其发展过程中的资本循环和政府作用进行分析,并提出“地方政府主导下的资本循环”这一研究框架。研究表明,新区的建设包含3个资本循环的过程,分别是煤炭的资本化,土地、基础设施、房地产的资本化,以及向先进制造业和第三产业的资本流动。通过一系列行政手段,地方政府主导了3次循环中的资本积累,以及资本在3次循环之间的转换。     

整合性乡村更新实践及其对中国新型城镇化的启示——以德国韦亚恩为例

新型城镇化是中国今后发展的大战略,深度改革的总抓手,与之密切相关的乡村更新成为热点并向高级阶段发展。从德国整合性乡村更新的策略与代表性案例韦亚恩实践出发,就整合性乡村更新的由来、内涵界定、策略实施以及城乡的双向驱动发展进行了理论及实践总结。研究表明,韦亚恩整合性乡村更新发展策略有：凝聚共同的发展愿景,高度的公众参与,专业帮助和网络的合作,土地管理的有效运作,乡村阻滞城市向郊区的蔓延,地方政府发挥了主导作用。对于中国都市乡村的新型城镇化建设,得出以下启示：“乡愁”是整合性乡村更新的根基,丰富了新型城镇化建设的内涵;公众实质性参与是整合性乡村更新的基础,提升了新型城镇化实施的凝聚力;人才是整合性乡村更新的关键要素,保障了新型城镇化的健康持续;宜居是整合性乡村更新的理想目标,引领了新型城镇化的价值取向;高效服务是整合性乡村更新的有力保障,倒逼了新型城镇化的政策突破。整合性乡村更新提升了社区建设品质,夯实了新型城镇化建设的战略基点。