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1.
To clarify the responses of plant functional traits to nitrogen(N) enrichment, we investigated the whole-plant traits(plant height and aboveground biomass), leaf morphological(specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf dry mass content(LDMC)) and chemical traits(leaf N concentration(LNC) and leaf phosphorus(P) concentration(LPC)) of Deyeuxia angustifolia and Glyceria spiculosa following seven consecutive years of N addition at four rates(0 g N/(m^2·yr), 6 g N/(m^2·yr), 12 g N/(m^2·yr) and 24 g N/(m^2·yr)) in a freshwater marsh in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. The results showed that, for both D. angustifolia and G. spiculosa, N addition generally increased plant height, leaf, stem and total aboveground biomass, but did not cause changes in SLA and LDMC. Moreover, increased N availability caused an increase in LNC, and did not affect LPC. Thus, N addition decreased leaf C∶N ratio, but caused an increase in leaf N∶P ratio, and did not affect leaf C∶P ratio. Our results suggest that, in the mid-term, elevated N loading does not alter leaf morphological traits, but causes substantial changes in whole-plant traits and leaf chemical traits in temperate freshwater wetlands. These may help to better understand the effects of N enrichment on plant functional traits and thus ecosystem structure and functioning in freshwater wetlands.  相似文献   

2.
交替方向隐式时域有限差分算法的应用与发展   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
探讨了近年来出现的交替方向隐式时域有限差分法(ADI—FDTD)的应用和发展。该方法采用求解微分方程的交替方向隐式改进了FDTD算法,无条件稳定,时间步长不受Courant稳定条件的限制,从而节约了计算时间。提供了微带线电路、平行波导板等计算实例。同时针对ADI—FDTD内存占用量较大,数值色散增加等存在的不足,讨论了一些改进方法。  相似文献   

3.
群的根性的一个问题   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
假设(R)是群的根性,N是群G的正规子群,记N^-/N=RR(G/N).主要利用群的根性的性质来解决哪种根性具有特征性质N1N2^-=N1^-N2^-这个问题.  相似文献   

4.
讨论群的元素性质与群的根性之间的关系.考虑群的元素性质汐满足条件(1):如果x是p-的p-元素,且N G,那么xN是G/N的p-元素;满足条件(4):设N G,如果x∈N是G的p-元素,那么x也是N的p-元素,则群类P1={G}G的每个同态像没有非平凡的p-元素}是p1-根群类.如果p满足条件(1)和条件(2),x∈N是N的p-元素,且N G,那么x也是G的p-元素,则群类P2={G|G的每个非平凡的同态像有一个非平凡的次正规p-子群}是p-根群类.如果性质p-满足条件(1),(2)和(4),那么P,P2均为根群类且P=P2.  相似文献   

5.
The nitrogen (N) input and Spartina alterniflora invasion in the tidal marsh of the southeast of China are increasingly serious. To evaluate CH4 emissions in the tidal marsh as affected by the N inputs and S. alterniflora invasion, we measured CH4 emissions from plots with vegetated S. alterniflora and native Cyperus malaccensis, and fertilized with exogenous N at the rate of 0 (NO), 21 (N1) and 42 (N2) g N/(m2.yr), respectively, in the Shanyutan marsh in the Minjiang River estuary, the southeast of China. The average CH4 fluxes during the experiment in the C. malaccensis and S. alterniflora plots without N addition were 3.67 mg CHa/(m2.h) and 7.79 mg CH4/(m2-h), respectively, suggesting that the invasion of S. alterniflora into the Minjiang River estuary stimulated CH4 emission. Exogenous N had positive effects on CH4 fluxes both in native and in invaded tidal marsh. The mean CH4 fluxes of NI and N2 treat- ments increased by 31.05% and 123.50% in the C. malaccensis marsh, and 63.88% and 7.55% in the S. alterniflora marsh, respectively, compared to that of NO treatment. The CH4 fluxes in the two marshes were positively correlated with temperature and pH, and nega- tively correlated with electrical conductivity and redox potential (Eh) at different N addition treatments. While the relationships between CH4 fluxes and environmental variables (especially soil temperature, pH and Eh at different depths) tended to decrease with N additions. Significant temporal variability in CH4 fluxes were observed as the N was gradually added to the native and invaded marshes. In order to better assess the global climatic role of tidal marshes as affected by N addition, much more attention should be paid to the short-term temporal variability in CH4 emission.  相似文献   

6.
在最新的能接收到北斗三号新信号B2a及B2(B2a+b)的MGEX测站数据基础上,分析BDS-3信号的载噪比、多路径及卫星的三维位置精度因子(PDOP)。结果表明,与GPS相比,BDS的载噪比B2(B2a+b)>B2a≈L5>B3≈B2b>B1≈L1>L2,多路径误差B2(B2a+b)相似文献   

7.
采用PCR技术对2种亚洲龙鱼的mtDNAD-Loop全序列进行扩增和测序,序列结构分析和序列同源性比对结果表明,2种亚洲龙鱼的mtDNAD-Loop在靠近5’端有3个终止相关序列TAS(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ),靠近D-Loop的3’端有4个保守区域CSB1、CSB2、CSB3、CSB—D。在终止相关序列和保守区域之间是连续重复区域。经DNASP4.0软件分析,全序列中检测出多态位点数(S)为26,其中有17个转换,核苷酸多样性(Pi)为0.013,平均核苷酸差异数(K)为17.333。  相似文献   

8.
设k∈N,f(z)为复平面上的超越亚纯函数,φ(z)、ak-1(z),…,a0(z)为f(z)的小函数,且φ(z)≠0.置P(f)(z)=f^(k)(z)+ak-1(z),f^(k-1)(z)+…+a1(z)f(z)+a0,(z),且P(f)(z)不恒为常数.当k≤4时,满足Nr)(r,1/f)=S(r,f);k≥5,满足N4)(r,1/f)=S(r,f),则T(r,f)〈20N^-(r,1/φfP-1)+s(r,f).  相似文献   

9.
在脉冲电晕放电条件下,探讨了O2和H=O对NO分解反应过程的影响,并对复杂组分中NO的分解特性进行了实验研究。研究结果表明,脉冲电晕放电对NO分解反应具有一定的促进作用,可有效地分解模拟烟气中的NO,脱除效率随脉冲电压的增加而缓慢增加;受O2和H2O影响,NO分解转化率较N2氛围略有降低。  相似文献   

10.
文献[1][2]认为M-PN空间是局部凸的。通过定理说明这个结论对t-模T(a,b)≥min(a,b)时成立。又通过反例表明,当t-模型T(a,b)=max(a b-1,0)时无论邻域Nθ(ε,λ)概率有界还是概率半有界结论均不成立。还讨论了Takahashi凸性并对S-凸和K-凸作了比较。  相似文献   

11.
从电磁场分析角度出发,采用时域有限差分法对电磁场数据进行计算分析,提取土壤电离的信息,将整数微分进化策略与Matlab分布式计算相结合,提出针对任意均匀分布土壤建立LIEW动态模型的方法,优化确定LIEW动态模型参数——土壤电离临界电场强度和电离时间常数。  相似文献   

12.
?о???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ч??????????????????????????????λ????????????? ???????2??????????λ???????????????????????λ???????, ?????????????DEM??????????????????????????????  相似文献   

13.
选取国际权度局发布的4个台站2014-01-14~26的卫星双向时间频率时钟频率之差观测序列及GNSS时钟频率之差数据序列,基于时钟比对法,确定了两地之间重力位差和高程差。与EGM2008模型结果检核表明,重力位差和高程差的标准差分别为308.5 m2/s2和31.5 m,实验结果与目前守时台站所采用原子钟的稳定度10-15量级基本一致。  相似文献   

14.
虚谱法利用付里叶变换和有限差分求解波动方程 ,是地震波场正演模拟的重要方法之一 ,但其常规算法运算量大 ,运算时间长。为此 ,我们在常规算法的基础上作了些改进 ,主要是提出了反付里叶变换的快速算法 ,并运用正反付里叶变换的快速算法和避免重复运算等手段 ,使运算量大大减少 ,可节省运算时间三倍多  相似文献   

15.
多普勒频移重构的GNSS定位算法是指通过重构多普勒频移解决观测信号异常问题,配合基于垂直仰角选择的互差加权法,在观测信号质量不佳的情况下解算出整周模糊度,得到较高的整周模糊度正确估计率.结果表明,在卫星冗余程度低的静态情形下,该算法能够达到100%的模糊度固定率和cm级精度;在动态情形下,E、N、U方向的精度分别为0....  相似文献   

16.
With more applications of seismic exploration in metal ore exploration,forward modelling of seismic wave has become more important in metal ore.Finite difference method and pseudo-spectral method are two im-portant methods of wave-field simulation.Results of previous studies show that both methods have distinct ad-vantages and disadvantages:Finite difference method has high precision but its dispersion is serious;pseudo-spectral method considers both computational efficiency and precision but has less precision than finite-diffe-rence.The authors consider the complex structural characteristics of the metal ore,furthermore add random media in order to simulate the complex effects produced by metal ore for wave field.First,the study introduced the theories of random media and two forward modelling methods.Second,it compared the simulation results of two methods on fault model.Then the authors established a complex metal ore model,added random media and compared computational efficiency and precision.As a result,it is found that finite difference method is better than pseudo-spectral method in precision and boundary treatment,but the computational efficiency of pseudo-spectral method is slightly higher than the finite difference method.  相似文献   

17.
为解算航空重力测量中的载体运动加速度,对GPS载波相位伪距双差观测量进行分析。考虑对流层延迟和电离层延迟的影响,并通过对载体的运动学建模,提出一种基于PVA模型的Kalman滤波算法。相对于传统的差分方法,该算法可从相位观测量中直接解算载体运动加速度。通过仿真分析验证,采用自适应Kalman滤波,得到的未经低通滤波处理的载体加速度标准差为7.26×10-3 m/s2。  相似文献   

18.
开发区是推动区域经济发展的重要载体,开发强度是开发区整体现状承载水平的综合反映。以湖北省119个开发区为研究对象,运用熵值法、泰尔指数、方差分析和计量经济模型等方法,探讨了湖北省开发区开发强度的差异特征及效益响应情况。结果表明:(1)江汉平原、鄂西北和鄂东南的开发强度相对高于鄂西南和鄂东北地区;区域内和市域内等组内差异远远超过区域间和市域间等组间差异,组内差异贡献率均超过90%。(2)不同类型和不同成立年限的开发区开发强度存在显著的差异,不同等级的开发区之间开发强度差异不明显。(3)开发强度对开发区自身效益和对城市的综合效益均有一定的正面促进作用,但并不是影响开发区效益的主导因素。  相似文献   

19.
全球气候的不断变化使得生物生境受到极大影响。气温作为最基本的气候要素,其变化迁移会胁迫生物对此做出响应,造成生物群落的迁徙。气温变化速度将气温看作物质的运动,能够直观地表示气温时空变化特征,对研究生物分布地理界限变化具有重要的指导意义。本文利用1961-2013年的全国每月平均温度数据集,分析了过去50多年中国东北与华北地区之间气温变化速度的区域差异。结果表明:东北与华北两地区整体气温变化速度均值为5.60 km/year,速度范围主要集中于0~9 km/year之间,约占总数的90%。东北地区气温变化速度均值大于华北地区。其中,东北速度均值为5.85 km/year,华北为5.41 km/year。从区域内部来看,东北地区气温变化速度整体较高,三省中黑龙江与吉林速度较高,辽宁省速度变化相对较小。华北气温变化速度高值区域主要分布在内蒙古高原与河北、天津的小部分地区,其他地区的气温变化速度则相对较小。  相似文献   

20.
针对IGS轨道综合原理,利用自编算法对IGS各分析中心2014-07~2015-07精密轨道进行综合,获得GPS综合轨道,为我国北斗系统中GEO/IGSO/MEO的轨道组合方法提供参考。结果表明,使用分析中心SIO和不使用SIO综合获得的轨道精度最大三维RMS差异可达4 mm,GPS 1 807周后加入分析中心SIO综合,综合轨道整体精度提高近50%;使用不同的坐标框架统一方法进行轨道综合,精度差异明显,利用单天SINEX旋转参数统一坐标参考框架优于利用ERP参数旋转统一坐标参考框架的方法;最后,使用本文算法计算得到的1 a轨道结果与IGS综合轨道作比较,两者三维差异小于3 mm,RMS均值为1.50 mm,根据各卫星精度因子计算的加权RMS均值为1.16 mm,证明了本文算法的精度和稳定性。  相似文献   

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