Solenites (Czekanowskiales) from the Late Mesozoic Jehol Biota of Southeastern Jilin, China and its Paleoclimatic Implications

Situated at the easternmost area of the Late Mesozoic Jehol Biota, China, abundant fossils, including invertebrates, vertebrates and plants, were collected from the Early Cretaceous Yingzuilazi Formation of the Baishan Basin, southeastern Jilin. The faunal remains from this formation distinctly belong to the Early Cretaceous Lycoptera–Ephemeropsis–Eosestheria assemblage of the Jehol Biota. Based on the gross leaf morphology and epidermal structures, two new species and one indeterminate species of genus Solenites(Czekanowskiales), S. baishanensis sp. nov., S. gracilis sp. nov. and S. sp. are described in this paper. This is the first fossil plant of Czekanowskiales reported from this new fossil locality of the easternmost area of the Late Mesozoic Jehol Biota, China. The new discovery contributes to improve our knowledge for understanding of leaf morphology, epidermal characters and diversity of this genus during the Early Cretaceous time, and extends geologic and geographic distribution of Solenites in northern China and Eurasia. Along with consideration of associated plant and faunal assemblages and sedimentology, we suggest that the regional climate was warm and moderately humid with seasonal temperature and precipitation variations in warm–temperate zone during the Early Cretaceous.     

中国早白垩世热河生物群中大型霸王龙类化石的发现

一件包括部分头骨、下颌、肠骨等的不完整兽脚类恐龙骨架发现于辽宁喀左早白垩世九佛堂组中,估计身体全长可达9~10m。其前颌骨主体部分高、肠骨外侧面具显著的直立的嵴等特征表明该化石应归霸王龙类。它以外鼻孔大、上颌骨背缘前部略内凹、上颌骨孔向前达眶前窝前缘、腹缘与眶前窝腹缘存在较大距离等特征不同于晚白垩世的霸王龙科分子,故被命名为一新属种——喀左中国暴龙(Sinotyrannus kazuoensis gen. et sp. nov.),或许代表了最早的霸王龙科类型。该属种是已知个体最大的前晚白垩世霸王龙类,也是辽西及周边地区热河生物群中个体最大的兽脚类恐龙。它的发现不仅表明东亚是霸王龙类最主要的演化地区之一,而且为探讨霸王龙科的起源、热河生物群的组成与生态系统等提供了重要依据。     

辽西晚中生代热河生物群中首次发现具胚胎的软壳蛋化石

本文详细记述了辽宁省锦州市义县晚中生代热河生物群中两类爬行动物的蛋化石,其中离龙类蛋化石发现于早白垩世九佛堂组上部,翼龙类蛋化石发现于早白垩世义县组上部的金刚山层.经研究,离龙类蛋化石不仅含有胚胎,而且为软壳蛋.翼龙类蛋化石没有显示硬壳结构,很可能同样为软壳蛋.这些蛋化石的发现对于我们了解这两类爬行动物的生殖方式和发育演化历史将具有重要科学意义.     

论热河生物群

本文对中生代热河生物群的研究历史作了简要回顾,着重阐述了热河生物 群的定义、组成、地层分布和时代,并讨论了与热河生物群相关的我国北方陆相侏罗系－白垩系界线问题。     

Two new glaphyrids (Coleoptera,Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota,China

Two new species, Cretohypna puncta sp. nov. and Cretohypna robusta sp. nov., of Glaphyridae are described and illustrated. These fossils were collected from the Jehol Biota, Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liutiaogou Village in Ningcheng, Inner Mongolia, China. Up to date, 18 fossil species in 6 genera of Glaphyridae have been reported, among which ten species are from China. Respective keys to the Mesozoic genera of Glaphyridae and to species of Cretohypna Yan, Nikolajev & Ren, 2012 are provided. This is the first report of spiracles in fossil Glaphyridae leading to a hypothesis that the character of the 7th abdominal spiracles present in pleural membrane is a plesiomorphy for Glaphyridae.     

辽西热河生物群一新的巨龙型类恐龙

初步研究了辽西地区热河生物群的一具近完整的蜥脚类恐龙骨架,其代表了一新的巨龙型类恐龙——中国辽宁巨龙(Liaoningotitan sinensis gen.et sp.nov)。其主要特征为:上颌骨腹缘下凸,上颌齿列短且位于前部;颧骨前端近平齐于眶前窗的前缘;翼骨的方骨支基部收缩;上颌齿呈叠瓦状排列;上颌齿冠窄勺形,切面呈D字形,缺失唇侧沟和小锯齿;下颌齿9枚,明显小于上颌齿,排列稀松;下颌齿冠不对称,切面呈椭圆形,舌侧的沟和嵴发育,齿冠基部向舌侧膨大;肱骨近端扩展,约为长度的54.9%;肠骨前髋臼突前端较尖。初步的支序分析显示,辽宁巨龙属于巨龙型类恐龙,是比盘足龙和梁龙更为进步的类群。     

辽西热河生物群中的水虿化石新发现

本文描述了热河生物群中2个水虿新种：Gomphus? biconuexus sp．nov,和Aeschna?acrodonta sp．nov．,它们分别属于Gomphidae科和Aeshnidae科。化石采自辽西北票黄半吉沟义县组下部(晚侏罗世-早白垩世早期)。     

New fossil helorid wasps (Insecta,Hymenoptera, Proctotrupoidea) from the Jehol Biota,China

A new genus with a new species, Sinohelorus elegans gen. et sp. nov., is described and assigned to the subfamily Mesohelorinae, Heloridae. In addition, two new species, Gurvanhelorus beipiaoensis sp. nov. and Spherogaster saltatrix sp. nov., are also described. The diagnoses of Gurvanhelorus Rasnitsyn, 1986 and Spherogaster Zhang and Zhang, 2001 are emended based on new materials and findings. These well-preserved specimens were collected from the Jehol Biota, Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Huangbanjigou Village in Liaoning, China. These new species broaden the diversity of this family and enhance our understanding of evolutionary trend of helorid’s metasomal structure, antenna, and forewing venation from the Middle Jurassic to extant.     

三尾拟蜉蝣在中国热河生物群可能并不存在

热河生物群是中生代晚期分布在东亚地区尤其是中国辽西、冀北地区的一个非常繁荣的陆相化石群,东方叶肢介（Eosestheria）、“三尾拟蜉蝣（Ephemeropsis trisetalis）”和狼鳍鱼（Lycoptera）是它的3个典型代表成员。最近对采自义县组的上百块与三尾拟蜉蝣较为相似的成虫标本研究,发现上述成虫标本与三尾拟蜉蝣存在比较明显的区别,建立了美丽蜉蝣属及其两个种,并认为三尾拟蜉蝣可能仅分布在俄罗斯西伯利亚的外贝加尔和蒙古,在中国热河生物群并不存在。这一发现对有关热河生物群的古地理分布、地层划分和对比以及古水系等问题有重要的参考意义。     

First Discovered Diversified Fossil Locality of the Jehol Biota in the Greater Khingan Mountains, Inner Mongolia

<正>Objective Late Mesozoic strata are rarely found in the Greater Khingan Mountains.It is also difficult to carry out stratigraphic and paleontological work in this area.Fossils belonging to the Jehol Group were first reported from the Greater Khingan Mountains in 1960s,with only some insects,conchostracans and the bony fish Lycoptera simply described in regional survey reports.No dinosaur,bird or turtle fossils have been described to date.In during     

A reassessment of Iteravis huchzermeyeri and Gansus zheni from the Jehol Biota in western Liaoning,China

The authors reassessed the taxonomic distinction of Iteravis huchzermeyeri and Gansus zheni, which are two species of Ornithuromorpha based on specimens from the same locality in western Liaoning and derive from the Jehol Biota. The detailed comparisons of the holotype and referred specimens of both species, reveal no anatomical features that distinguish these taxa as separate species. Some minor differences are considered to relate to ontogenetic or interspecific differences. The stratigraphic occurrence for both specimens is the Lower Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation. Accordingly, the authors conclude that Iteravis huchzermeyeri has priority, by 15 days, for this taxon and that Gansus zheni is a junior synonym. The diagnosis of Iteravis huchzermeyeri is revised based on further study on all specimens referred to this species. Its generic distinction from Gansus is maintained thereby removing a potential genus-level correlation linking Xiagou Formation in Gansu Province with the Jiufotang Formation in Liaoning Province.     

早期热河生物群时代的磁性地层学约束

早期热河生物群保存于冀北的中生代地层大北沟组—大店子组,层位时代的磁性地层学研究对限定热河生物群的演化、鸟类的起源与进化以及被子植物的起源等重大科学问题的年代框架具有重要的科学意义。同时,将为中国陆相侏罗系—白垩系界线及早白垩系地层划分提供可以进行全球对比的磁性地层学证据。此外,还将为限定华北克拉通破坏提供可靠"深时(Deep-time)"约束。基于1 100余块样品的测试与分析结果,建立了冀北滦平盆地大北沟组—大店子组高精度的磁极性序列。磁性地层对比分析方案表明,大北沟组、大店子组和西瓜园组的磁极性序列对应于标准磁极性柱的M12—M9,属于Valanginian中期至Hauterivian中期。从磁性地层学的综合研究认为早期热河生物群的时代归属于早白垩世的Valanginian期。本文的研究结果不支持中国陆相侏罗—白垩系界线位于大北沟组与大店子组之间的划分方案。     

New Bivalved Arthropods from Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota of Southeastern Guizhou, Southwest China

Bivalved arthropods are very important elements in Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota.Three genera,Alicaris,Pseudoarctolepis,and Forfexicaris,are herein recorded for the first time,including three new species:Alicaris kailiensis sp.nov.,Forfexicaris reticulata sp.nov.,and Pseudoarctolepis semicircularis sp.nov.,of which Alicaris kailiensis sp.nov.could be assigned to crustaceomorphs;the other two forms are grouped as proschizoramians.These forms provide important information about the distribution and species dive...     

New Bivalved Arthropods from Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota of Southeastern Guizhou, Southwest China

Bivalved arthropods are very important elements in Mid-Cambrian Kaili Biota. Three genera, Alicaris, Pseudoarctolepis, and Forfexicaris, are herein recorded for the first time, including three new species: Alicaris kailiensis sp. nov., Forfexicaris reticulata sp. nov., and Pseudoarctolepis semicircularis sp. nov., of which Alicaris kailiensis sp. nov. could be assigned to crustaceomorphs; the other two forms are grouped as proschizoramians. These forms provide important information about the distribution and species diversity of a poorly-known element of Cambrian fauna, and also bridge the biotic evolutionary gap between Early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota in Southwest China and Mid-Cambrian burgess shale biota in North America.     

辽西中生代燕鸟化石新材料的补充研究

本文记述了一件产自辽宁锦州义县早白垩世九佛堂组燕鸟 (Yanornis)化石的新标本。研究标本不但自身保存非常精美 ,而且其嘴里还完整地保存了它捕获的最后一件猎物——吉南鱼 (Jinanichthys longi-cephalus)。该标本的研究 ,不仅对燕鸟的生存环境、生活习性、捕食类型等研究提供了直接的证据 ,而且对于探讨辽西热河生物群中脊椎动物的“集群死亡”的原因也具有重要的意义     

A New,Well-Preserved Species of Glaresidae (Coleoptera:Scarabaeoidea) from the Jehol Biota of China

<正>Glaresis orthochilus sp.nov.(Scarabaeoidea:Glaresidae),the best preserved glaresid fossil,is described and illustrated from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning province,north-east China.Glaresidae, the sister group of all extant Scarabaeoidea was established in the Upper Jurassic/Lower Cretaceous and contained larger species than those found today.     

A New Discovery of ~2.7 Ga Granitic Magmatism in Southeastern Jilin Province, China

<正>Objective The North China Craton(NCC)is characterized by widespread tectono-thermal events at ca.2.5 Ga,which differs from many other older cratons on Earth,which usually record tectono-thermal events at-2.7 Ga.Therefore,the search for early crustal material,especially rocks within the NCC that record the 2.7 Ga event,is key     

辽西热河生物群箭蜓科昆虫新类群

描述了箭蜓科(Gomphidae)一新属种—宽翅辽宁澜箭蜓(Liaoninglanthus latusgen.et sp.nov.)及新属一未定种(Liaoninglanthus.sp.),还对义县光箭蜓(Liogomphus yixianensisRen et Gao,1996)进行了补充描述。化石全部采自辽西北票黄半吉沟义县组下部(晚侏罗世晚期—早白垩世)。