共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
2.
R. Gutiérrez C. Roldán R. Gutiérrez-Sánchez J. M. Angulo 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2005,19(4):258-265
This paper describes techniques for estimation and prediction of two-parameter lognormal diffusion random fields. The drift and diffusion coefficients, which characterize a two-parameter lognormal diffusion under certain conditions, are estimated by maximum likelihood. For data on a regular grid, an alternative method is proposed to estimate the diffusion coefficient. Both of these estimates are compared in several situations. The kriging predictors are formulated involving the drift and diffusion coefficients and the predictions are obtained using the estimates of these coefficients. 相似文献
3.
基于方向性滤波的地质体突出显示(英文) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
为了突出地质体的轮廓并保证横向分辨率,在进行滤波的同时必须保证地质体的边缘。为此,引入了各向异性扩散滤波技术。该技术的核心思想是沿着边缘的方向扩散滤波,而垂直边缘的方向则不扩散,这样就保证了滤波具有方向性。为了增强该技术的实用性,对各向异性扩散模型的参数进行了讨论,在充分考虑地震分辨率的情况下,给出扩散系数公式,推导分析了扩散门限参数的选取原则。依据本文提出的公式及原则,对XX区的潮道、YY区的砂体进行了突出显示,良好的应用效果证实了本文提出的参数选取原则是合理的。 相似文献
4.
This paper proposes a numerical method to simulate oil spill trajectories, which are affected by the combination of advection, turbulent diffusion and mechanical spreading process, based on a particle tracking algorithm. Recent studies have shown that the trajectories of drifters on the ocean surface have a fractal structure that is far from being described using ordinary Brownian motion. Thus, in modeling the diffusion process, a discrete method has been employed for the generation of fractional Brownian motion (fBm) to illustrate superdiffusive transport. The algorithm is implemented to predict oil slick trajectories following the “Arteaga” oil spill accident that occurred near the Dalian coastal region in 2005. When compared with the observed data and the results of traditional diffusion modeling, the numerical results based on the fBm model are encouraging. 相似文献
5.
在黄海和东海采样测定了水体中的镭同位素分布,用平流扩散模型描述镭同位素分布,最小二乘方法计算了垂直涡动扩散系数和上升流或下降流流速.结果给出北黄海中部、南黄海中部、浙江沿岸和台湾北部海域存在上升流,流速分别为0.46×10-3cm·s-1、0.17×10-3~1.39×10-3cm·s-1、2.02×10-3~3.04×10-3 cm·s-1和1.06×10-3~2.51×10-3 cm·s-1.北黄海中部和东海东北部存在下降流.流速分别为-2.30×10-3 cm·s-1和-0.61×10-3~-2.10×10-3 cm·s-1.计算同时给出的垂直涡动扩散系数为5.84~48.2 cm2·s-1,平均值为22.3 cm2·s-1.北黄海和浙江沿岸上升流流速与文献的结果一致;北黄海中部存在下降流与文献的结论一致.本研究结果与文献结果一致是对所建立的方法的肯定,也是对文献研究结果的支持. 相似文献
6.
IntroductionThe issues of forward and inverse interpretation for homogeneous half space models and layered models of the Earth have well been solved in trAnsient electromagnetic sounding (TEM), butinterpreting data from more complicated 2-D or 3-D models are difficult because their responsefunctions are complicated and expensive to calculate. For the sake of simplification, based on thetheories of smoke ring (Nabighian, 1979), we regard current lines in the Earth induced by transmitting sou… 相似文献
7.
电磁类地球物理方法由于极易受到各类噪声的干扰,使得估计的视电阻率曲线或相位曲线发生畸变,严重地影响了反演解译精度,如何对这类观测曲线进行合理有效地平滑,是目前数据处理中的重点,也是难点.本文把各向异性扩散(anisotropic diffusion AD)引入到曲线平滑中,提出了各向异性扩散的曲线平滑方法,以平滑点梯度值的降函数作为扩散速度,在梯度较大的位置予以较小的扩散速度以保护特征,在梯度较小的位置予以较大的扩散速度平滑噪声引起的扰动.同时为了减小“飞点”(outliers)对平滑的干扰,采用局部单调扩散进行预处理.实验结果显示,本文提出的平滑方法有效地平滑了噪声与“飞点”的干扰,恢复了曲线的基本形态,有效地保持了曲线基本特征. 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
Craig S. Schwandt Randall T. Cygan Henry R. Westrich 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1993,141(2-4):631-642
Few diffusion coefficient values have been measured for silicate minerals at pertinent geologic conditions because of experimental restrictions. Until recently, analysis of diffusion couples was conducted principally with electron microprobes which have rather poor spatial resolution (micrometer scale). Ion microprobe analyses, however, eliminate many of the previous experimental restrictions; in depth profile mode they have excellent spatial resolution (tens of angstroms) and diffusion couples can be analyzed normal to the interface. Diffusion couples analyzed by ion microprobe must be well-defined and uniform; previous methods using solution precipitates to form the diffusion couples were heterogeneous and had limited success. A new approach, the thermal evaporation of25MgO under high vacuum onto a crystalline substrate (oxide, silicate), produces a 1000 Å thick25MgO
x
(x<1) thin film. This method yields an excellent diffusion couple for low-temperature diffusion experiments. Diffusion anneal experiments using this approach for garnet provide a Mg self-diffusion coefficient ofD=0.60±0.09×10–21 m2/s at 1000°C (logFO2=–11.3,P=1 atm,X
Almandine=0.24). 相似文献
11.
利用昆明电波观测站(25.6°N,103.8°E)两台不同工作频率的全天空流星雷达在2011年特殊联合观测试验期间的数据,基于Hocking的方法利用不同的温度梯度,在确定了昆明地区中层顶位于流星峰值高度之上的情况下,反演了昆明地区上空88 km和85 km高度的大气温度,并与Aura卫星观测的温度进行比较.对比研究发现,两台流星雷达可以分别正确获得88 km和85 km高度的大气温度,但其中由全球温度梯度模式反演得到的大气温度与卫星观测温度相关性不是很好,而利用卫星观测的温度梯度,两台雷达反演出的大气温度与卫星观测温度存在很好的相关性.结果表明了准确的温度梯度在流星雷达观测大气温度过程中是至关重要的. 相似文献
12.
13.
Natural gas diffusion model and diffusion computation in well Cai25 Bashan Group oil and gas reservoir 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Natural gas diffusion through the cap rock is mainly by means of dissolving in water, so its concentration can be replaced
by solubility, which varies with temperature, pressure and salinity in strata. Under certain geological conditions the maximal
solubility is definite, so the diffusion computation can be handled approximately by stable state equation. Furthermore, on
the basis of the restoration of the paleo-buried history, the diffusion is calculated with the dynamic method, and the result
is very close to the real diffusion value in the geological history. 相似文献
14.
Probability of correct selection from lognormal and convective diffusion models based on the likelihood ratio 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W. G. Strupczewski H. T. Mitosek K. Kochanek V. P. Singh S. Weglarczyk 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2006,20(3):152-163
The objective of the paper is to show that the use of a discrimination procedure for selecting a flood frequency model without
the knowledge of its performance for the considered underlying distributions may lead to erroneous conclusions. The problem
considered is one of choosing between lognormal (LN) and convective diffusion (CD) distributions for a given random sample
of flood observations. The probability density functions of these distributions are similarly shaped in the range of the main
probability mass and the discrepancies grow with the increase in the value of the coefficient of variation (C
V
). This problem was addressed using the likelihood ratio (LR) procedure. Simulation experiments were performed to determine
the probability of correct selection (PCS) for the LR method. Pseudo-random samples were generated for several combinations
of sample sizes and the coefficient of variation values from each of the two distributions. Surprisingly, the PCS of the LN
model was twice smaller than that of the CD model, rarely exceeding 50%. The results obtained from simulation were analyzed
and compared both with those obtained using real data and with the results obtained from another selection procedure known
as the QK method. The results from the QK are just the opposite to that of the LR procedure. 相似文献
15.
As an alternative approach to classical turbulence modelling using a first or second order closure, the data assimilation method of optimal control is applied to estimate a time and space-dependent turbulent viscosity in a three-dimensional oceanic circulation model. The optimal control method, described for a 3-D primitive equation model, involves the minimization of a cost function that quantifies the discrepancies between the simulations and the observations. An iterative algorithm is obtained via the adjoint model resolution. In a first experiment, a k ± L model is used to simulate the one-dimensional development of inertial oscillations resulting from a wind stress at the sea surface and with the presence of a halocline. These results are used as synthetic observations to be assimilated. The turbulent viscosity is then recovered without the k + L closure, even with sparse and noisy observations. The problems of controllability and of the dimensions of the control are then discussed. A second experiment consists of a two-dimensional schematic simulation. A 2-D turbulent viscosity field is estimated from data on the initial and final states of a coastal upwelling event. 相似文献
16.
A finite volume upwind numerical scheme for the solution of the linear advection equation in multiple dimensions on Cartesian grids is presented. The small-stencil, Modified Discontinuous Profile Method (MDPM) uses a sub-cell piecewise constant reconstruction and additional information at the cell interfaces, rather than a spatial extension of the stencil as in usual methods. This paper presents the MDPM profile reconstruction method in one dimension and its generalization and algorithm to two- and three-dimensional problems. The method is extended to the advection–diffusion equation in multiple dimensions. The MDPM is tested against the MUSCL scheme on two- and three-dimensional test cases. It is shown to give high-quality results for sharp gradients problems, although some scattering appears. For smooth gradients, extreme values are best preserved with the MDPM than with the MUSCL scheme, while the MDPM does not maintain the smoothness of the original shape as well as the MUSCL scheme. However the MDPM is proved to be more efficient on coarse grids in terms of error and CPU time, while on fine grids the MUSCL scheme provides a better accuracy at a lower CPU. 相似文献
17.
Abstract A study has been made of a basic state of axisymmetric flow, at large rotational Reynolds numbers, in a double-diffusive stratified fluid contained in a vertically-mounted, differentially-rotating cylindrical cavity. The aim is to describe the qualitative characteristics of the flow of a fluid, the density of which is stratified by two diffusive effects, i.e., temperature and salinity gradients. Attention is confined to situations in which the temperature and salinity gradients make opposing contributions to the overall density profile, the undisturbed stratification being gravitationally stable. Finite difference numerical solutions of the governing Navier-Stokes equations have been obtained using the Boussinesq approximation. The results are presented in a way that illustrates the explicit effects of double-diffusivity when the cavity aspect ratio, height/radius, is O(1). The principal non-dimensional parameters characterizing the flow field are identified. In the interior core, the primary dynamic balance is between the horizontal density gradient and the vertical shear of the prevailing azimuthal velocity. The effective stratification is seen to decrease as the double-diffusivity increases, even if the overall stratification parameter, St, is held constant. The solute field contains a very thin boundary layer structure at large Lewis numbers. The effective stratification increases with the Prandtl number. Results have been derived for extreme values of the cavity aspect ratio. For small cavity aspect ratios, the dominant dynamic ingredients are viscous diffusion and rotation. For large aspect ratios, the bulk of the flow field is determined by the rotating sidewall. In this case, the direct influence of the double-diffusivity is minor. 相似文献
18.
Modelling of the groundwater flow and of tracer movement in the porous and fissured media: Chalk Aquifer (Northern part of Paris Basin,France)
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《水文研究》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Adel Zghibi Lahcen Zouhri Ismail Chenini Amira Merzougui Jamila Tarhouni 《水文研究》2016,30(12):1916-1928
A groundwater flow model has been developed in order to study the chalk aquifer of Paris Basin, based on most of the geological and hydrological available data. The numerical processes are intended to modelling the groundwater flow in the Senonian (Late Cretaceous) formations and to visualize the tracer movement in groundwater resources in the experimental site of LaSalle Beauvais (northern part Paris Basin). Both objectives were achieved as follows: (i) the comprehension of the spatial distribution of the hydraulic conductivity in the chalk aquifer taking into account the characteristics of the hydrogeological system and (ii) the use of the analytical solution for describing one‐dimensional to two‐dimensional solute transport in a unidirectional steady‐state flow tracer with scale‐dependent dispersion. Advection and diffusion mechanisms are taken into account. Comparison between the breakthrough curves of the analytical and the numerical solutions provided an excellent agreement for various ranges of scale‐related transport parameters of interest. The developed power series solution facilitates fast prediction of the breakthrough curves at each observation point. Thus, the derived new solutions are widely applicable and are very useful for the validation of numerical transport. The numerical approach is carried out by MT3DMS, a Modular 3‐D Multi‐Species Transport Model for Simulation of Advection, Dispersion, and Chemical Reactions of Contaminants in Groundwater Systems, and based on total variation‐diminishing method using the ULTIMATE algorithm. The estimation of the infected surface could constitute an approach in water management and allows to prevent the risks of pollution and to manage the groundwater resource from a durable development perspective. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
本文通过分析各向异性扩散(Anisotropic Diffusion AD)在信号的去噪与增强中对特征的保护特性,及各向异性扩散与Robust估计之间的关系,把各向异性扩散引入到阻抗估计中,提出了基于各向异性扩散的Robust阻抗估计方法(ADR).模拟结果表明该方法对噪声或"飞点"具有明显的压制作用,与最小二乘法(LS)及常规的Robust估计方法相比具有更好的稳定性和精度.当噪声方差从0增加到0.8,ADR估计的相对误差最小为4.0%,最大仅为4.9%,误差均值为4.5%;Robust估计相对误差最小4.1%,最大6.2%,平均为4.9%,LS方法平均相对误差则达到18.4%.Robust估计收敛过程受阈值的影响较大,ADR收敛速度虽然受到扩散步长与阈值的影响,但收敛值与阈值选择无关.这在实际应用中有着重要意义. 相似文献
20.
气体封存和放置方法的实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用玻璃及不锈钢扩散管进行了气体样品的各种封存,放置方法的试验研究。结果表明,用普通玻璃扩散管盛气,NaCl饱和溶液封闭,倒立放置,在一个月内各气体组分含量变化在±5%范围以内,是一种简便,适用的气体封存,放置方法。 相似文献